summaryrefslogtreecommitdiffstats
path: root/docs/Chapter8.rst
blob: 1595c6a3315ce44b71672ceddb284dc031efcb74 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
303
304
305
306
307
308
309
310
311
312
313
314
315
316
317
318
319
320
321
322
323
324
325
326
327
328
329
330
331
332
333
334
335
336
337
338
339
340
341
342
343
344
345
346
347
348
349
350
351
352
353
354
355
356
357
358
359
360
361
362
363
364
365
366
367
368
369
370
371
372
373
374
375
376
377
378
379
380
381
382
383
384
385
386
387
388
389
390
391
392
393
394
395
396
397
398
399
400
401
402
403
404
405
406
407
408
409
410
411
412
413
414
415
416
417
418
419
420
421
422
423
424
425
426
427
428
429
430
431
432
433
434
435
436
437
438
439
440
441
442
443
444
445
446
447
448
449
450
451
452
453
454
455
456
457
458
459
460
461
462
463
464
465
466
467
468
469
470
471
472
473
474
475
476
477
478
479
480
481
482
483
484
485
486
487
488
489
490
491
492
493
494
495
496
497
498
499
500
501
502
503
504
505
506
507
508
509
510
511
512
513
514
515
516
517
518
519
520
521
522
523
524
525
526
527
528
529
530
531
532
533
534
535
536
537
538
539
540
541
542
543
544
545
546
547
548
549
550
551
552
553
554
555
556
557
558
559
560
561
562
563
564
565
566
567
568
569
570
571
572
573
574
575
576
577
578
579
580
581
582
583
584
585
586
587
588
589
590
591
592
593
594
595
596
597
598
599
600
601
602
603
604
605
606
607
608
609
610
611
612
613
614
615
616
617
618
619
620
621
622
623
624
625
626
627
628
629
630
631
632
633
634
635
636
637
638
639
640
641
642
643
644
645
646
647
648
649
650
651
652
653
654
655
656
657
658
659
660
661
662
663
664
665
666
667
668
669
670
671
672
673
674
675
676
677
678
679
680
681
682
683
684
685
686
687
688
689
690
691
692
693
694
695
696
697
698
699
700
701
702
703
704
705
706
707
708
709
710
711
712
713
714
715
716
717
718
719
720
721
722
723
724
725
726
727
728
729
730
731
732
733
734
735
736
737
738
739
740
741
742
743
744
745
746
747
748
749
750
751
752
753
754
755
756
757
758
759
760
761
762
763
764
765
766
767
768
769
770
771
772
773
774
775
776
777
778
779
780
781
782
783
784
785
786
787
788
789
790
791
792
793
794
795
796
797
798
799
800
801
802
803
804
805
806
807
808
809
810
811
812
813
814
815
816
817
818
819
820
821
822
823
824
825
826
827
828
829
830
831
832
833
834
835
836
837
838
839
840
841
842
843
844
845
846
847
848
849
850
851
852
853
854
855
856
857
858
859
860
861
862
863
864
865
866
867
868
869
870
871
872
873
874
875
876
877
878
879
880
881
882
883
884
885
886
887
888
889
890
891
892
893
894
895
896
897
898
899
900
901
902
903
904
905
906
907
908
909
910
911
912
913
914
915
916
917
918
919
920
921
922
923
924
925
926
927
928
929
930
931
932
933
934
935
936
937
938
939
940
941
942
943
944
945
946
947
948
949
950
951
952
953
954
955
956
957
958
959
960
961
962
963
964
965
966
967
968
969
970
971
972
973
974
975
976
977
978
979
980
981
982
983
984
985
986
987
988
989
990
991
992
993
994
995
996
997
998
999
1000
1001
1002
1003
1004
1005
1006
1007
1008
1009
1010
1011
1012
1013
1014
1015
1016
1017
1018
1019
1020
1021
1022
1023
1024
1025
1026
1027
1028
1029
1030
1031
1032
1033
1034
1035
1036
1037
1038
1039
1040
1041
1042
1043
1044
1045
1046
1047
1048
1049
1050
1051
1052
1053
1054
1055
1056
1057
1058
1059
1060
1061
1062
1063
1064
1065
1066
1067
1068
1069
1070
1071
1072
1073
1074
1075
1076
1077
1078
1079
1080
1081
1082
1083
1084
1085
1086
1087
1088
1089
1090
1091
1092
1093
1094
1095
1096
1097
1098
1099
1100
1101
1102
1103
1104
1105
1106
1107
1108
1109
1110
1111
1112
1113
1114
1115
1116
1117
1118
1119
1120
1121
1122
1123
1124
1125
1126
1127
1128
1129
1130
1131
1132
1133
1134
1135
1136
1137
1138
1139
1140
1141
1142
1143
1144
1145
1146
1147
1148
1149
1150
1151
1152
1153
1154
1155
1156
1157
1158
1159
1160
1161
1162
1163
1164
1165
1166
1167
1168
1169
1170
1171
1172
1173
1174
1175
1176
1177
1178
1179
1180
1181
1182
1183
1184
1185
1186
1187
1188
1189
1190
1191
1192
1193
1194
1195
1196
1197
1198
1199
1200
1201
1202
1203
1204
1205
1206
1207
1208
1209
1210
1211
1212
1213
1214
1215
1216
1217
1218
1219
1220
1221
1222
1223
1224
1225
1226
1227
1228
1229
1230
1231
1232
1233
1234
1235
1236
1237
1238
1239
1240
1241
1242
1243
1244
1245
1246
1247
1248
1249
1250
1251
1252
1253
1254
1255
1256
1257
1258
1259
1260
1261
1262
1263
1264
1265
1266
1267
1268
1269
1270
1271
1272
1273
1274
1275
1276
1277
1278
1279
1280
1281
1282
1283
1284
1285
1286
1287
1288
1289
1290
1291
1292
1293
1294
1295
1296
1297
1298
1299
1300
1301
1302
1303
1304
1305
1306
1307
1308
1309
1310
1311
1312
1313
1314
1315
1316
1317
1318
1319
1320
1321
1322
1323
1324
1325
1326
1327
1328
1329
1330
1331
1332
1333
1334
1335
1336
1337
1338
1339
1340
1341
1342
1343
1344
1345
1346
1347
1348
1349
1350
1351
1352
1353
1354
1355
1356
1357
1358
1359
1360
1361
1362
1363
1364
1365
1366
1367
1368
1369
1370
1371
1372
1373
1374
1375
1376
1377
1378
1379
1380
1381
1382
1383
1384
1385
1386
1387
1388
1389
1390
1391
1392
1393
1394
1395
1396
1397
1398
1399
1400
1401
1402
1403
1404
1405
1406
1407
1408
1409
1410
1411
1412
1413
1414
1415
1416
1417
1418
1419
1420
1421
1422
1423
1424
1425
1426
1427
1428
1429
1430
1431
1432
1433
1434
1435
1436
1437
1438
1439
1440
1441
1442
1443
1444
1445
1446
1447
1448
1449
1450
1451
1452
1453
1454
1455
1456
1457
1458
1459
1460
1461
1462
1463
1464
1465
1466
1467
1468
1469
1470
1471
1472
1473
1474
1475
1476
1477
1478
1479
1480
1481
1482
1483
1484
1485
1486
1487
1488
1489
1490
1491
1492
1493
1494
1495
1496
1497
1498
1499
1500
1501
1502
1503
1504
1505
1506
1507
1508
1509
1510
1511
1512
1513
1514
1515
1516
1517
1518
1519
1520
1521
1522
1523
1524
1525
1526
1527
1528
1529
1530
1531
1532
1533
1534
1535
1536
1537
1538
1539
1540
1541
1542
1543
1544
1545
1546
1547
1548
1549
1550
1551
1552
1553
1554
1555
1556
1557
1558
1559
1560
1561
1562
1563
1564
1565
1566
1567
1568
1569
1570
1571
1572
1573
1574
1575
1576
1577
1578
1579
1580
1581
1582
1583
1584
1585
1586
1587
1588
1589
1590
1591
1592
1593
1594
1595
1596
1597
1598
1599
1600
1601
1602
1603
1604
1605
1606
1607
1608
1609
1610
1611
1612
1613
1614
1615
1616
1617
1618
1619
1620
1621
1622
1623
1624
1625
1626
1627
1628
1629
1630
1631
1632
1633
1634
1635
1636
1637
1638
1639
1640
1641
1642
1643
1644
1645
1646
1647
1648
1649
1650
1651
1652
1653
1654
1655
1656
1657
1658
1659
1660
1661
1662
1663
1664
1665
1666
1667
1668
1669
1670
1671
1672
1673
1674
1675
1676
1677
1678
1679
1680
1681
1682
1683
1684
1685
1686
1687
1688
1689
1690
1691
1692
1693
1694
1695
1696
1697
1698
1699
1700
1701
1702
1703
1704
1705
1706
1707
1708
1709
1710
1711
1712
1713
1714
1715
1716
1717
1718
1719
1720
1721
1722
1723
1724
1725
1726
1727
1728
1729
1730
1731
1732
1733
1734
1735
1736
1737
1738
1739
1740
1741
1742
1743
1744
1745
1746
1747
1748
1749
1750
1751
1752
1753
1754
1755
1756
1757
1758
1759
1760
1761
1762
1763
1764
1765
1766
1767
1768
1769
1770
1771
1772
1773
1774
1775
1776
1777
1778
1779
1780
1781
1782
1783
1784
1785
1786
1787
1788
1789
1790
1791
1792
1793
1794
1795
1796
1797
1798
1799
1800
1801
1802
1803
1804
1805
1806
1807
1808
1809
1810
1811
1812
1813
1814
1815
1816
1817
1818
1819
1820
1821
1822
1823
1824
1825
1826
1827
1828
1829
1830
1831
1832
1833
1834
1835
1836
1837
1838
1839
1840
1841
1842
1843
1844
1845
1846
1847
1848
1849
1850
1851
1852
1853
1854
1855
1856
1857
1858
1859
1860
1861
1862
1863
1864
1865
1866
1867
1868
1869
1870
1871
1872
1873
1874
1875
1876
1877
1878
1879
1880
1881
1882
1883
1884
1885
1886
1887
1888
1889
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
1926
1927
1928
1929
1930
1931
1932
1933
1934
1935
1936
1937
1938
1939
1940
1941
1942
1943
1944
1945
1946
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
2019
2020
2021
2022
2023
2024
2025
2026
2027
2028
2029
2030
2031
2032
2033
2034
2035
2036
2037
2038
2039
2040
2041
2042
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
2049
2050
2051
2052
2053
2054
2055
2056
2057
2058
2059
2060
2061
2062
2063
2064
2065
2066
2067
2068
2069
2070
2071
2072
2073
2074
2075
2076
2077
2078
2079
2080
2081
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
2088
2089
2090
2091
2092
2093
2094
2095
2096
2097
2098
2099
2100
2101
2102
2103
2104
2105
2106
2107
2108
2109
2110
2111
2112
2113
2114
2115
2116
2117
2118
2119
2120
2121
2122
2123
2124
2125
2126
2127
2128
2129
2130
2131
2132
2133
2134
2135
2136
2137
2138
2139
2140
2141
2142
2143
2144
2145
2146
2147
2148
2149
2150
2151
2152
2153
2154
2155
2156
2157
2158
2159
2160
2161
2162
2163
2164
2165
2166
2167
2168
2169
2170
2171
2172
2173
2174
2175
2176
2177
2178
2179
2180
2181
2182
2183
2184
2185
2186
2187
2188
2189
2190
2191
2192
2193
2194
2195
2196
2197
2198
2199
2200
2201
2202
2203
2204
2205
2206
2207
2208
2209
2210
2211
2212
2213
2214
2215
2216
2217
2218
2219
2220
2221
2222
2223
2224
2225
2226
2227
2228
2229
2230
2231
2232
2233
2234
2235
2236
2237
2238
2239
2240
2241
2242
2243
2244
2245
2246
2247
2248
2249
2250
2251
2252
2253
2254
2255
2256
2257
2258
2259
2260
2261
2262
2263
2264
2265
2266
2267
2268
2269
2270
2271
2272
2273
2274
2275
2276
2277
2278
2279
2280
2281
2282
2283
2284
2285
2286
2287
2288
2289
2290
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
2300
2301
2302
2303
2304
2305
2306
2307
2308
2309
2310
2311
2312
2313
2314
2315
2316
2317
2318
2319
2320
2321
2322
2323
2324
2325
2326
2327
2328
2329
2330
2331
2332
2333
2334
2335
2336
2337
2338
2339
2340
2341
2342
2343
2344
2345
2346
2347
2348
2349
2350
2351
2352
2353
2354
2355
2356
2357
2358
2359
2360
2361
2362
2363
2364
2365
2366
2367
2368
2369
2370
2371
2372
2373
2374
2375
2376
2377
2378
2379
2380
2381
2382
2383
2384
2385
2386
2387
2388
2389
2390
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2398
2399
2400
2401
2402
2403
2404
2405
2406
2407
2408
2409
2410
2411
2412
2413
2414
2415
2416
2417
2418
2419
2420
2421
2422
2423
2424
2425
2426
2427
2428
2429
2430
2431
2432
2433
2434
2435
2436
2437
2438
2439
2440
2441
2442
2443
2444
2445
2446
2447
2448
2449
2450
2451
2452
2453
2454
2455
2456
2457
2458
2459
2460
2461
2462
2463
2464
2465
2466
2467
2468
2469
2470
2471
2472
2473
2474
2475
2476
2477
2478
2479
2480
2481
2482
2483
2484
2485
2486
2487
2488
2489
2490
2491
2492
2493
2494
2495
2496
2497
2498
2499
2500
2501
2502
2503
2504
2505
2506
2507
2508
2509
2510
2511
2512
2513
2514
2515
2516
2517
2518
2519
2520
2521
2522
2523
2524
2525
2526
2527
2528
2529
2530
2531
2532
2533
2534
2535
2536
2537
2538
2539
2540
2541
2542
2543
2544
2545
2546
2547
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
2554
2555
2556
2557
2558
2559
2560
2561
2562
2563
2564
2565
2566
2567
2568
2569
2570
2571
2572
2573
2574
2575
2576
2577
2578
2579
2580
2581
2582
2583
2584
2585
2586
2587
2588
2589
2590
2591
2592
2593
2594
2595
2596
2597
2598
2599
2600
2601
2602
2603
2604
2605
2606
2607
2608
2609
2610
2611
2612
2613
2614
2615
2616
2617
2618
2619
2620
2621
2622
2623
2624
2625
2626
2627
2628
2629
2630
2631
2632
2633
2634
2635
2636
2637
2638
2639
2640
2641
2642
2643
2644
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
2650
2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
2656
2657
2658
2659
2660
2661
2662
2663
2664
2665
2666
2667
2668
2669
2670
2671
2672
2673
2674
2675
2676
2677
2678
2679
2680
2681
2682
2683
2684
2685
2686
2687
2688
2689
2690
2691
2692
2693
2694
2695
2696
2697
2698
2699
2700
2701
2702
2703
2704
2705
2706
2707
2708
2709
2710
2711
2712
2713
2714
2715
2716
2717
2718
2719
2720
2721
2722
2723
2724
2725
2726
2727
2728
2729
2730
2731
2732
2733
2734
2735
2736
2737
2738
2739
2740
2741
2742
2743
2744
2745
2746
2747
2748
2749
2750
2751
2752
2753
2754
2755
2756
2757
2758
2759
2760
2761
2762
2763
2764
2765
2766
2767
2768
2769
2770
2771
2772
2773
2774
2775
2776
2777
2778
2779
2780
2781
2782
2783
2784
2785
2786
2787
2788
2789
2790
2791
2792
2793
2794
2795
2796
2797
2798
2799
2800
2801
2802
2803
2804
2805
2806
2807
2808
2809
2810
2811
2812
2813
2814
2815
2816
2817
2818
2819
2820
2821
2822
2823
2824
2825
2826
2827
2828
2829
2830
2831
2832
2833
2834
2835
2836
2837
2838
2839
2840
2841
2842
2843
2844
2845
2846
2847
2848
2849
2850
2851
2852
2853
2854
2855
2856
2857
2858
2859
2860
2861
2862
2863
2864
2865
2866
2867
2868
2869
2870
2871
2872
2873
2874
2875
2876
2877
2878
2879
2880
2881
2882
2883
2884
2885
2886
2887
2888
2889
2890
2891
2892
2893
2894
2895
2896
2897
2898
2899
2900
2901
2902
2903
2904
2905
2906
2907
2908
2909
2910
2911
2912
2913
2914
2915
2916
2917
2918
2919
2920
2921
2922
2923
2924
2925
2926
2927
2928
2929
2930
2931
2932
2933
2934
2935
2936
2937
2938
2939
2940
2941
2942
2943
2944
2945
2946
2947
2948
2949
2950
2951
2952
2953
2954
2955
2956
2957
2958
2959
2960
2961
2962
2963
2964
2965
2966
2967
2968
2969
2970
2971
2972
2973
2974
2975
2976
2977
2978
2979
2980
2981
2982
2983
2984
2985
2986
2987
2988
2989
2990
2991
2992
2993
2994
2995
2996
2997
2998
2999
3000
3001
3002
3003
3004
3005
3006
3007
3008
3009
3010
3011
3012
3013
3014
3015
3016
3017
3018
3019
3020
3021
3022
3023
3024
3025
3026
3027
3028
3029
3030
3031
3032
3033
3034
3035
3036
3037
3038
3039
3040
3041
3042
3043
3044
3045
3046
3047
3048
3049
3050
3051
3052
3053
3054
3055
3056
3057
3058
3059
3060
3061
3062
3063
3064
3065
3066
3067
3068
3069
3070
3071
3072
3073
3074
3075
3076
3077
3078
3079
3080
3081
3082
3083
3084
3085
3086
3087
3088
3089
3090
3091
3092
3093
3094
3095
3096
3097
3098
3099
3100
3101
3102
3103
3104
3105
3106
3107
3108
3109
3110
3111
3112
3113
3114
3115
3116
3117
3118
3119
3120
3121
3122
3123
3124
3125
3126
3127
3128
3129
3130
3131
3132
3133
3134
3135
3136
3137
3138
3139
3140
3141
3142
3143
3144
3145
3146
3147
3148
3149
3150
3151
3152
3153
3154
3155
3156
3157
3158
3159
3160
3161
3162
3163
3164
3165
3166
3167
3168
3169
3170
3171
3172
3173
3174
3175
3176
3177
3178
3179
3180
3181
3182
3183
3184
3185
3186
3187
3188
3189
3190
3191
3192
3193
3194
3195
3196
3197
3198
3199
3200
3201
3202
3203
3204
3205
3206
3207
3208
3209
3210
3211
3212
3213
3214
3215
3216
3217
3218
3219
3220
3221
3222
3223
3224
3225
3226
3227
3228
3229
3230
3231
3232
3233
3234
3235
3236
3237
3238
3239
3240
3241
3242
3243
3244
3245
3246
3247
3248
3249
3250
3251
3252
3253
3254
3255
3256
3257
3258
3259
3260
3261
3262
3263
3264
3265
3266
3267
3268
3269
3270
3271
3272
3273
3274
3275
3276
3277
3278
3279
3280
3281
3282
3283
3284
3285
3286
3287
3288
3289
3290
3291
3292
3293
3294
3295
3296
3297
3298
3299
3300
3301
3302
3303
3304
3305
3306
3307
3308
3309
3310
3311
3312
3313
3314
3315
3316
3317
3318
3319
3320
3321
3322
3323
3324
3325
3326
3327
3328
3329
3330
3331
3332
3333
3334
3335
3336
3337
3338
3339
3340
3341
3342
3343
3344
3345
3346
3347
3348
3349
3350
3351
3352
3353
3354
3355
3356
3357
3358
3359
3360
3361
3362
3363
3364
3365
3366
3367
3368
3369
3370
3371
3372
3373
3374
3375
3376
3377
3378
3379
3380
3381
3382
3383
3384
3385
3386
3387
3388
3389
3390
3391
3392
3393
3394
3395
3396
3397
3398
3399
3400
3401
3402
3403
3404
3405
3406
3407
3408
3409
3410
3411
3412
3413
3414
3415
3416
3417
3418
3419
3420
3421
3422
3423
3424
3425
3426
3427
3428
3429
3430
3431
3432
3433
3434
3435
3436
3437
3438
3439
3440
3441
3442
3443
3444
3445
3446
3447
3448
3449
3450
3451
3452
3453
3454
3455
3456
3457
3458
3459
3460
3461
3462
3463
3464
3465
3466
3467
3468
3469
3470
3471
3472
3473
3474
3475
3476
3477
3478
3479
3480
3481
3482
3483
3484
3485
3486
3487
3488
3489
3490
3491
3492
3493
3494
3495
3496
3497
3498
3499
3500
3501
3502
3503
3504
3505
3506
3507
3508
3509
3510
3511
3512
3513
3514
3515
3516
3517
3518
3519
3520
3521
3522
3523
3524
3525
3526
3527
3528
3529
3530
3531
3532
3533
3534
3535
3536
3537
3538
3539
3540
3541
3542
3543
3544
3545
3546
3547
3548
3549
3550
3551
3552
3553
3554
3555
3556
3557
3558
3559
3560
3561
3562
3563
3564
3565
3566
3567
3568
3569
3570
3571
3572
3573
3574
3575
3576
3577
3578
3579
3580
3581
3582
3583
3584
3585
3586
3587
3588
3589
3590
3591
3592
3593
3594
3595
3596
3597
3598
3599
3600
3601
3602
3603
3604
3605
3606
3607
3608
3609
3610
3611
3612
3613
3614
3615
3616
3617
3618
3619
3620
3621
3622
3623
3624
3625
3626
3627
3628
3629
3630
3631
3632
3633
3634
3635
3636
3637
3638
3639
3640
3641
3642
3643
3644
3645
3646
3647
3648
3649
3650
3651
3652
3653
3654
3655
3656
3657
3658
3659
3660
3661
3662
3663
3664
3665
3666
3667
3668
3669
3670
3671
3672
3673
3674
3675
3676
3677
3678
3679
3680
3681
3682
3683
3684
3685
3686
3687
3688
3689
3690
3691
3692
3693
3694
3695
3696
3697
3698
3699
3700
3701
3702
3703
3704
3705
3706
3707
3708
3709
3710
3711
3712
3713
3714
3715
3716
3717
3718
3719
3720
3721
3722
3723
3724
3725
3726
3727
3728
3729
3730
3731
3732
3733
3734
3735
3736
3737
3738
3739
3740
3741
3742
3743
3744
3745
3746
3747
3748
3749
3750
3751
3752
3753
3754
3755
3756
3757
3758
3759
3760
3761
3762
3763
3764
3765
3766
3767
3768
3769
3770
3771
3772
3773
3774
3775
3776
3777
3778
3779
3780
3781
3782
3783
3784
3785
3786
3787
3788
3789
3790
3791
3792
3793
3794
3795
3796
3797
3798
3799
3800
3801
3802
3803
3804
3805
3806
3807
3808
3809
3810
3811
3812
3813
3814
3815
3816
3817
3818
3819
3820
3821
3822
3823
3824
3825
3826
3827
3828
3829
3830
3831
3832
3833
3834
3835
3836
3837
3838
.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
.. Copyright 2017 AT&T Intellectual Property.  All rights reserved.


**Appendix**
===============

Chef JSON Key Value Description
-------------------------------------

The following provides the key value pairs that must be contained in the
JSON file supporting Chef action.

Table A1. Chef JSON File key value description
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

+----------------+--------------------------+---------+----------------------+
| **Field Name** | **Description**          | **Type**| **Comment**          |
+================+==========================+=========+======================+
| Environment    | A JSON dictionary        | Optional|Depends on VNF action.|
|                | representing a Chef      |         |                      |
|                | Environment object. If   |         |                      |
|                | the VNF action requires  |         |                      |
|                | loading or modifying Chef|         |                      |
|                | environment attributes   |         |                      |
|                | associated with the VNF, |         |                      |
|                | all the relevant         |         |                      |
|                | information must be      |         |                      |
|                | provided in this JSON    |         |                      |
|                | dictionary in a structure|         |                      |
|                | that conforms to a Chef  |         |                      |
|                | Environment Object.      |         |                      |
+----------------+--------------------------+---------+----------------------+
| Node           | A JSON dictionary        |Mandatory|                      |
|                | representing a Chef Node |         |                      |
|                | Object.                  |         |                      |
|                |                          |         |                      |
|                | The Node JSON dictionary |         |                      |
|                | must include the run list|         |                      |
|                | to be triggered for the  |         |                      |
|                | desired VNF action by the|         |                      |
|                | push job. It should also |         |                      |
|                | include any attributes   |         |                      |
|                | that need to be          |         |                      |
|                | configured on the Node   |         |                      |
|                | Object as part of the VNF|         |                      |
|                | action.                  |         |                      |
+----------------+--------------------------+---------+----------------------+
| NodeList       | Array of FQDNs that      |Mandatory|                      |
|                | correspond to the        |         |                      |
|                | endpoints (VMs) of a VNF |         |                      |
|                | registered with the Chef |         |                      |
|                | Server that need to      |         |                      |
|                | trigger a chef-client run|         |                      |
|                | as part of the desired   |         |                      |
|                | VNF action.              |         |                      |
+----------------+--------------------------+---------+----------------------+
| PushJobFlag    | This field indicates     |Mandatory| If set to “True”,    |
|                | whether the VNF action   |         | ONAP will request a  |
|                | requires a push Job. Push|         | push job. Ignored    |
|                | job object will be       |         | otherwise.           |
|                | created by ONAP if       |         |                      |
|                | required.                |         |                      |
+----------------+--------------------------+---------+----------------------+
| CallbackCapable| This field indicates if  | Optional| If Chef cookbook is  |
|                | the chef-client run      |         | callback capable, VNF|
|                | invoked by push job      |         | owner is required to |
|                | corresponding to the VNF |         | set it to “True”.    |
|                | action is capable of     |         | Ignored otherwise.   |
|                | posting results on a     |         |                      |
|                | callback URL.            |         |                      |
+----------------+--------------------------+---------+----------------------+
| GetOutputFlag  | Flag which indicates     |Mandatory| ONAP will retrieve   |
|                | whether ONAP should      |         | output from          |
|                | retrieve output generated|         | NodeObject attributes|
|                | in a chef-client run from|         | [‘PushJobOutput’] for|
|                | Node object attribute    |         | all nodes in NodeList|
|                | node[‘PushJobOutput’] for|         | if set to “True”.    |
|                | this VNF action (e.g., in|         | Ignored otherwise.   |
|                | Audit).                  |         |                      |
+----------------+--------------------------+---------+----------------------+

Chef Template example:

.. code-block:: chef

 “Environment”:{
      "name": "HAR",
      "description": "VNF Chef environment for HAR",
      "json\_class": "Chef::Environment",
      "chef\_type": "environment",
      "default\_attributes": { },
      "override\_attributes": {
            “Retry\_Time”:”50”,
            “MemCache”: “1024”,
            “Database\_IP”:”10.10.1.5”
      },
 }
 }
 “Node”: {
      “name” : “signal.network.com “
      "chef\_type": "node",
      "json\_class": "Chef::Node",
      "attributes": {
            “IPAddress1”: “192.168.1.2”,
            “IPAddress2”:”135.16.162.5”,
            “MyRole”:”BE”
      },
      "override": {},
      "default": {},
      “normal”:{},
      “automatic”:{},
      “chef\_environment” : “\_default”
      "run\_list": [ "configure\_signal" ]
      },
      “NodeList”:[“node1.vnf\_a.onap.com”, “node2.vnf\_a.onap.com”],
      “PushJobFlag”: “True”
      “CallbackCapable”:True
      “GetOutputFlag” : “False”
 }

The example JSON file provided by the VNF provider for each VNF action will be
turned into a template by ONAP, that can be updated with instance
specific values at run-time.

Some points worth noting regarding the JSON fields:

a. The JSON file must be created for each action for each VNF.

b. If a VNF action involves multiple endpoints (VMs) of a VNF, ONAP will
   replicate the “Node” JSON dictionary in the template and post it to
   each FQDN (i.e., endpoint) in the NodeList after setting the “name”
   field in the Node object to be the respective FQDN [1]_. Hence, it
   is required that all end points (VMs) of a VNF involved in a VNF
   action support the same set of Node Object attributes.

The following table describes the JSON dictionary to post in Callback.

Table A2. JSON Dictionary to Post in Callback
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

+--------------+----------------------------+---------+-----------------------+
| **Key**      | **Description**            | **Type**| **Comment**           |
+==============+============================+=========+=======================+
| RequestId    | A unique string associated |Mandatory|                       |
|              | with the original request  |         |                       |
|              | by ONAP. This key-value    |         |                       |
|              | pair will be provided by   |         |                       |
|              | ONAP in the environment of |         |                       |
|              | the push job request and   |         |                       |
|              | must be returned as part of|         |                       |
|              | the POST message.          |         |                       |
+--------------+----------------------------+---------+-----------------------+
| StatusCode   | An integer that must be set|Mandatory|                       |
|              | to 200 if chef-client run  |         |                       |
|              | on the node finished       |         |                       |
|              | successfully 500 otherwise.|         |                       |
+--------------+----------------------------+---------+-----------------------+
| StatusMessage| A string which must be set |Mandatory|                       |
|              | to ‘SUCCESS’ if StatusCode |         |                       |
|              | was 200                    |         |                       |
|              |                            |         |                       |
|              | Appropriate error message  |         |                       |
|              | otherwise.                 |         |                       |
+--------------+----------------------------+---------+-----------------------+
| Name         | A string which corresponds |Mandatory|                       |
|              | to the name of the node    |         |                       |
|              | where push job is run. It  |         |                       |
|              | is required that the value |         |                       |
|              | be retrieved from the node |         |                       |
|              | object attributes (where it|         |                       |
|              | is always defined).        |         |                       |
+--------------+----------------------------+---------+-----------------------+
| PushJobOutput| Any output from the        |Optional | Depends on VNF action.|
|              | chef-client run that needs |         | If empty, it must not |
|              | to be returned to ONAP.    |         | be included.          |
+--------------+----------------------------+---------+-----------------------+

Ansible JSON Key Value Description
-------------------------------------------------------------

The following provides the key value pairs that must be contained in the
JSON file supporting Ansible action.

Table B1. Ansible JSON File key value description
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

+---------------+----------------------+---------+----------------------------+
| **Field Name**| **Description**      | **Type**| **Comment**                |
+===============+======================+=========+============================+
| PlaybookName  | VNF providor must    |Mandatory|Currently following         |
|               | list name of the     |         |Ansible standard            |
|               | playbook relative    |         |naming, where main          |
|               | path used to         |         |playbook is always          |
|               | execute the VNF      |         |named site.yml, and         |
|               | action.              |         |directory name where        |
|               |                      |         |this main playbook resides, |
|               |                      |         |is named after the          |
|               |                      |         |command/action playbook     |
|               |                      |         |performs, in lower case,    |
|               |                      |         |example, configure.         |
+---------------+----------------------+---------+----------------------------+
| Action        | Name of VNF action.  | Optional|                            |
+---------------+----------------------+---------+----------------------------+
| EnvParameters | A JSON dictionary    | Optional|Depends on the VNF action.  |
|               | which should list key|         |                            |
|               | value pairs to be    |         |Attribute names (variable   |
|               | passed to the Ansible|         |names) passed to Ansible    |
|               | playbook. These      |         |shall follow Ansible valid  |
|               | values would         |         |variable names: “Variable   |
|               | correspond to        |         |names should be letters,    |
|               | instance specific    |         |numbers, and underscores.   |
|               | parameters that a    |         |Variables should always     |
|               | playbook may need to |         |start with a letter.”       |
|               | execute an action.   |         |                            |
+---------------+----------------------+---------+----------------------------+
| NodeList      |Ansible inventory     | Optional|If not provided, pre-loaded |
|               |hosts file with       |         |(VNF) inventory hosts       |
|               |VNF groups and        |         |file must exist in the      |
|               |respective IP         |         |Ansible Server otherwise    |
|               |addresses or DNS      |         |request fails.              |
|               |supported FQDNs       |         |                            |
|               |that the playbook must|         |                            |
|               |be executed against.  |         |                            |
+---------------+----------------------+---------+----------------------------+
| FileParameters| A JSON dictionary    | Optional| Depends on the VNF action  |
|               | where keys are       |         | and playbook design.       |
|               | filenames and values |         |                            |
|               | are contents of      |         |                            |
|               | files. The Ansible   |         |                            |
|               | Server will utilize  |         |                            |
|               | this feature to      |         |                            |
|               | generate files with  |         |                            |
|               | keys as filenames and|         |                            |
|               | values as content.   |         |                            |
|               | This attribute can be|         |                            |
|               | used to generate     |         |                            |
|               | files that a playbook|         |                            |
|               | may require as part  |         |                            |
|               | of execution.        |         |                            |
+---------------+----------------------+---------+----------------------------+
| Timeout       | Time (in seconds)    | Optional|                            |
|               | that a playbook is   |         |                            |
|               | expected to take to  |         |                            |
|               | finish execution for |         |                            |
|               | the VNF. If playbook |         |                            |
|               | execution time       |         |                            |
|               | exceeds this value,  |         |                            |
|               | Ansible Server will  |         |                            |
|               | terminate the        |         |                            |
|               | playbook process.    |         |                            |
+---------------+----------------------+---------+----------------------------+

Ansible JSON file example:

{

      “Action”:”Configure”,

      "PlaybookName": "<VNFCode>/<Version>/ansible/configure/site.yml",

      "NodeList": ["test1.vnf\_b.onap.com", “test2.vnf\_b.onap.com”],

      "Timeout": 60,

      "EnvParameters": {"Retry": 3, "Wait": 5, “ConfigFile”:”config.txt”},

      “FileParameters”:{“config.txt”:”db\_ip=10.1.1.1, sip\_timer=10000”}

}

In the above example, the Ansible Server will:

a. Process the “FileParameters” dictionary and generate a file named
   ‘config.txt’ with contents set to the value of the ‘config.txt’ key.

b. Execute the playbook named ‘<VNFCode>/<Version>/ansible/configure/site.yml’
   on nodes with    FQDNs test1.vnf\_b.onap.com and test2.vnf\_b.onap.com
   respectively while providing the following key value pairs to the playbook:
   Retry=3, Wait=5, ConfigFile=config.txt


c. If execution time of the playbook exceeds 60 secs (across all hosts),
   it will be terminated.

VNF License Information Guidelines
------------------------------------------------------------

This Appendix describes the metadata to be supplied for VNF licenses.

1. General Information

Table C1 defines the required and optional fields for licenses.

Table C1. Required Fields for General Information
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

+---------------+-----------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| **Field Name**| **Description**                   | **Data Type**| **Type** |
+===============+===================================+==============+==========+
| VNF Provider  | The name of the VNF provider.     | String       | Mandatory|
| Name          |                                   |              |          |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| VNF Provider  | The name of the product to which  | String       | Mandatory|
| Product       | this agreement applies.           |              |          |
|               |                                   |              |          |
|               | Note: a contract/agreement may    |              |          |
|               | apply to more than one VNF        |              |          |
|               | provider product. In that case,   |              |          |
|               | provide the metadata for each     |              |          |
|               | product separately.               |              |          |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| VNF Provider  | A general description of VNF      | String       | Optional |
| Product       | provider software product.        |              |          |
| Description   |                                   |              |          |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Export Control| ECCNs are 5-character             | String       | Mandatory|
| Classification| alpha-numeric designations used on|              |          |
| Number (ECCN) | the Commerce Control List (CCL) to|              |          |
|               | identify dual-use items for export|              |          |
|               | control purposes. An ECCN         |              |          |
|               | categorizes items based on the    |              |          |
|               | nature of the product, i.e. type  |              |          |
|               | of commodity, software, or        |              |          |
|               | technology and its respective     |              |          |
|               | technical parameters.             |              |          |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Reporting     | A list of any reporting           | List of      | Optional |
| Requirements  | requirements on the usage of the  | strings      |          |
|               | software product.                 |              |          |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+--------------+----------+

1. Entitlements

Entitlements describe software license use rights. The use rights may be
quantified by various metrics: # users, # software instances, # units.
The use rights may be limited by various criteria: location (physical or
logical), type of customer, type of device, time, etc.

One or more entitlements can be defined; each one consists of the
following fields:

Table C2. Required Fields for Entitlements
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

+---------------+-----------------------------------+-------------+-----------+
| **Field Name**| **Description**                   |**Data Type**| **Type**  |
+===============+===================================+=============+===========+
| VNF Provider  | Identifier for the entitlement as | String      | Mandatory |
| Part Number / | described by the VNF provider in  |             |           |
| Manufacture   | their price list / catalog /      |             |           |
| Reference     | contract.                         |             |           |
| Number        |                                   |             |           |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+-------------+-----------+
| Description   | Verbiage that describes the       | String      | Optional  |
|               | entitlement                       |             |           |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+-------------+-----------+
| Entitlement   | Each entitlement defined must be  | String      | Mandatory |
| Identifier    | identified by a unique value (e.g.|             |           |
|               | numbered 1, 2, 3….)               |             |           |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+-------------+-----------+
| Minimum Order | The minimum number of entitlements| Number      | Mandatory |
| Requirement   | that need to be purchased.        |             |           |
|               | For example, the entitlements must|             |           |
|               | be purchased in a block of 100. If|             |           |
|               | no minimum is required, the value |             |           |
|               | will be zero.                     |             |           |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+-------------+-----------+
| Unique        | A list of any reporting           | List of     | Optional  |
| Reporting     | requirements on the usage of the  | Strings     |           |
| Requirements  | software product. (e.g.: quarterly|             |           |
|               | usage reports are required)       |             |           |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+-------------+-----------+
| License Type  | Type of license applicable to the | String      | Mandatory |
|               | software product. (e.g.:          |             |           |
|               | fixed-term, perpetual, trial,     |             |           |
|               | subscription.)                    |             |           |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+-------------+-----------+
| License       | Valid values:                     | String      |Conditional|
| Duration      |                                   |             |           |
|               | **year**, **quarter**, **month**, |             |           |
|               | **day**.                          |             |           |
|               |                                   |             |           |
|               | Not applicable when license type  |             |           |
|               | is Perpetual.                     |             |           |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+-------------+-----------+
| License       | Number of years, quarters, months,| Number      |Conditional|
| Duration      | or days for which the license is  |             |           |
| Quantification| valid.                            |             |           |
|               |                                   |             |           |
|               | Not applicable when license type  |             |           |
|               | is Perpetual.                     |             |           |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+-------------+-----------+
| Limits        | see section C.4 for possible      | List        | Optional  |
|               | values                            |             |           |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+-------------+-----------+

1. License Keys

This section defines information on any License Keys associated with the
Software Product. A license key is a data string (or a file) providing a
means to authorize the use of software. License key does not provide
entitlement information.

License Keys are not required. Optionally, one or more license keys can
be defined; each one consists of the following fields:

Table C3. Required Fields for License Keys
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

+---------------+-----------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| **Field Name**| **Description**                   | **Data Type**| **Type** |
+===============+===================================+==============+==========+
| Description   | Verbiage that describes the       | String       | Mandatory|
|               | license key                       |              |          |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| License Key   | Each license key defined must be  | String       | Mandatory|
| Identifier    | identified by a unique value      |              |          |
|               | (e.g., numbered 1, 2, 3….)        |              |          |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Key Function  | Lifecycle stage (e.g.,            | String       | Optional |
|               | Instantiation or Activation) at   |              |          |
|               | which the license key is applied  |              |          |
|               | to the software.                  |              |          |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| License Key   | Valid values:                     | String       | Mandatory|
| Type          |                                   |              |          |
|               | **Universal, Unique**             |              |          |
|               |                                   |              |          |
|               | **Universal** - a single license  |              |          |
|               | key value that may be used with   |              |          |
|               | any number of instances of the    |              |          |
|               | software.                         |              |          |
|               |                                   |              |          |
|               | **Unique**- a unique license key  |              |          |
|               | value is required for each        |              |          |
|               | instance of the software.         |              |          |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limits        | see section C.4 for possible      | List         | Optional |
|               | values                            |              |          |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+--------------+----------+

1. Entitlement and License Key Limits

Limitations on the use of software entitlements and license keys may be
based on factors such as: features enabled in the product, the allowed
capacity of the product, number of installations, etc... The limits may
generally be categorized as:

-  where (location)

-  when (time)

-  how (usages)

-  who/what (entity)

-  amount (how much)

Multiple limits may be applicable for an entitlement or license key.
Each limit may further be described by limit behavior, duration,
quantification, aggregation, aggregation interval, start date, end date,
and threshold.

When the limit is associated with a quantity, the quantity is relative
to an instance of the entitlement or license key. For example:

-  Each entitlement grants the right to 50 concurrent users. If 10
   entitlements are purchased, the total number of concurrent users
   permitted would be 500. In this example, the limit category is
   **amount**, the limit type is **users**, and the limit
   **quantification** is **50.**

   Each license key may be installed on 3 devices. If 5 license keys are
   acquired, the total number of devices allowed would be 15. In this
   example, the limit category is **usages**, the limit type is
   **device**, and the limit **quantification** is **3.**

1. Location

Locations may be logical or physical location (e.g., site, country). For
example:

-  use is allowed in Canada

Table C4. Required Fields for Location
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| **Field Name**   | **Description**                | **Data Type**| **Type** |
+==================+================================+==============+==========+
| Limit Identifier | Each limit defined for an      | String       | Mandatory|
|                  | entitlement or license key must|              |          |
|                  | be identified by a unique value|              |          |
|                  | (e.g., numbered 1,2,3…)        |              |          |
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit Description| Verbiage describing the limit. | String       | Mandatory|
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit Behavior   | Description of the actions     | String       | Mandatory|
|                  | taken when the limit boundaries|              |          |
|                  | are reached.                   |              |          |
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit Category   | Valid value: **location**      | String       | Mandatory|
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit Type       | Valid values: **city, county,  | String       | Mandatory|
|                  | state, country, region, MSA,   |              |          |
|                  | BTA, CLLI**                    |              |          |
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit List       | List of locations where the VNF| List of      | Mandatory|
|                  | provider Product can be used or| String       |          |
|                  | needs to be restricted from use|              |          |
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit Set Type   | Indicates if the list is an    | String       | Mandatory|
|                  | inclusion or exclusion.        |              |          |
|                  |                                |              |          |
|                  | Valid Values:                  |              |          |
|                  |                                |              |          |
|                  | **Allowed**                    |              |          |
|                  |                                |              |          |
|                  | **Not allowed**                |              |          |
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit            | The quantity (amount) the limit| Number       | Optional |
| Quantification   | expresses.                     |              |          |
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+

1. Time

Limit on the length of time the software may be used. For example:

-  license key valid for 1 year from activation

-  entitlement valid from 15 May 2018 thru 30 June 2020

Table C5. Required Fields for Time
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

+------------------+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Field Name**   | **Description**               | **Data Type**| **Type**  |
+==================+===============================+==============+===========+
| Limit Identifier | Each limit defined for an     | String       | Mandatory |
|                  | entitlement or license key    |              |           |
|                  | must be identified by a unique|              |           |
|                  | value (e.g., numbered)        |              |           |
+------------------+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------+
| Limit Description| Verbiage describing the limit.| String       | Mandatory |
+------------------+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------+
| Limit Behavior   | Description of the actions    | String       | Mandatory |
|                  | taken when the limit          |              |           |
|                  | boundaries are reached.       |              |           |
|                  |                               |              |           |
|                  | The limit behavior may also   |              |           |
|                  | describe when a time limit    |              |           |
|                  | takes effect. (e.g., key is   |              |           |
|                  | valid for 1 year from date of |              |           |
|                  | purchase).                    |              |           |
+------------------+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------+
| Limit Category   | Valid value: **time**         | String       | Mandatory |
+------------------+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------+
| Limit Type       | Valid values:                 | String       | Mandatory |
|                  | **duration, date**            |              |           |
+------------------+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------+
| Limit List       | List of times for which the   | List of      | Mandatory |
|                  | VNF Provider Product can be   | String       |           |
|                  | used or needs to be restricted|              |           |
|                  | from use                      |              |           |
+------------------+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------+
| Duration Units   | Required when limit type is   | String       |Conditional|
|                  | duration. Valid values:       |              |           |
|                  | **perpetual, year, quarter,   |              |           |
|                  | month, day, minute, second,   |              |           |
|                  | millisecond**                 |              |           |
+------------------+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------+
| Limit            | The quantity (amount) the     | Number       | Optional  |
| Quantification   | limit expresses.              |              |           |
+------------------+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------+
| Start Date       | Required when limit type is   | Date         | Optional  |
|                  | date.                         |              |           |
+------------------+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------+
| End Date         | May be used when limit type is| Date         | Optional  |
|                  | date.                         |              |           |
+------------------+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------+

1. Usage

Limits based on how the software is used. For example:

-  use is limited to a specific sub-set of the features/capabilities the
   software supports

-  use is limited to a certain environment (e.g., test, development,
   production…)

-  use is limited by processor (vm, cpu, core)

-  use is limited by software release

Table C6. Required Fields for Usage
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

+------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+----------+
| **Field Name**   | **Description**               | **Data Type** | **Type** |
+==================+===============================+===============+==========+
| Limit Identifier | Each limit defined for an     | String        | Mandatory|
|                  | entitlement or license key    |               |          |
|                  | must be identified by a unique|               |          |
|                  | value (e.g., numbered)        |               |          |
+------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+----------+
| Limit Description| Verbiage describing the limit.| String        | Mandatory|
+------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+----------+
| Limit Behavior   | Description of the actions    | String        | Mandatory|
|                  | taken when the limit          |               |          |
|                  | boundaries are reached.       |               |          |
+------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+----------+
| Limit Category   | Valid value: **usages**       | String        | Mandatory|
+------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+----------+
| Limit Type       | Valid values: **feature,      | String        | Mandatory|
|                  | environment, processor,       |               |          |
|                  | version**                     |               |          |
+------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+----------+
| Limit List       | List of usage limits (e.g.,   | List of String| Mandatory|
|                  | test, development, vm, core,  |               |          |
|                  | R1.2.1, R1.3.5…)              |               |          |
+------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+----------+
| Limit Set Type   | Indicates if the list is an   | String        | Mandatory|
|                  | inclusion or exclusion.       |               |          |
|                  |                               |               |          |
|                  | Valid Values:                 |               |          |
|                  |                               |               |          |
|                  | **Allowed**                   |               |          |
|                  |                               |               |          |
|                  | **Not allowed**               |               |          |
+------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+----------+
| Limit            | The quantity (amount) the     | Number        | Optional |
| Quantification   | limit expresses.              |               |          |
+------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+----------+

1. Entity

Limit on the entity (product line, organization, customer) allowed to
make use of the software. For example:

-  allowed to be used in support of wireless products

-  allowed to be used only for government entities

Table C7. Required Fields for Entity
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| **Field Name**   | **Description**                |**Data Type** | **Type** |
+==================+================================+==============+==========+
| Limit Identifier | Each limit defined for an      | String       | Mandatory|
|                  | entitlement or license key must|              |          |
|                  | be identified by a unique value|              |          |
|                  | (e.g., numbered)               |              |          |
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit Description| Verbiage describing the limit. | String       | Mandatory|
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit Behavior   | Description of the actions     | String       | Mandatory|
|                  | taken when the limit boundaries|              |          |
|                  | are reached.                   |              |          |
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit Category   | Valid value: **entity**        | String       | Mandatory|
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit Type       | Valid values: **product line,  | String       | Mandatory|
|                  | organization, internal         |              |          |
|                  | customer, external customer**  |              |          |
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit List       | List of entities for which the |List of String| Mandatory|
|                  | VNF Provider Product can be    |              |          |
|                  | used or needs to be restricted |              |          |
|                  | from use                       |              |          |
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit Set Type   | Indicates if the list is an    | String       | Mandatory|
|                  | inclusion or exclusion.        |              |          |
|                  |                                |              |          |
|                  | Valid Values:                  |              |          |
|                  |                                |              |          |
|                  | **Allowed**                    |              |          |
|                  |                                |              |          |
|                  | **Not allowed**                |              |          |
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit            | The quantity (amount) the limit| Number       | Optional |
| Quantification   | expresses.                     |              |          |
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+

1. Amount

These limits describe terms relative to utilization of the functions of
the software (for example, number of named users permitted, throughput,
or capacity). Limits of this type may also be relative to utilization of
other resources (for example, a limit for firewall software is not based
on use of the firewall software, but on the number of network
subscribers).

The metadata describing this type of limit includes the unit of measure
(e.g., # users, # sessions, # MB, # TB, etc.), the quantity of units,
any aggregation function (e.g., peak or average users), and aggregation
interval (day, month, quarter, year, etc.).

Table C8. Required Fields for Amount
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

+------------------+---------------------------------+-------------+----------+
| **Field Name**   | **Description**                 |**Data Type**| **Type** |
+==================+=================================+=============+==========+
| Limit Identifier | Each limit defined for an       | String      | Mandatory|
|                  | entitlement or license key must |             |          |
|                  | be identified by a unique value |             |          |
|                  | (e.g., numbered)                |             |          |
+------------------+---------------------------------+-------------+----------+
| Limit Description| Verbiage describing the limit.  | String      | Mandatory|
+------------------+---------------------------------+-------------+----------+
| Limit Behavior   | Description of the actions taken| String      | Mandatory|
|                  | when the limit boundaries are   |             |          |
|                  | reached.                        |             |          |
+------------------+---------------------------------+-------------+----------+
| Limit Category   | Valid value: **amount**         | String      | Mandatory|
+------------------+---------------------------------+-------------+----------+
| Limit Type       | Valid values: **trunk, user,    | String      | Mandatory|
|                  | subscriber, session, token,     |             |          |
|                  | transactions, seats, KB, MB, TB,|             |          |
|                  | GB**                            |             |          |
+------------------+---------------------------------+-------------+----------+
| Type of          | Is the limit relative to        | String      | Mandatory|
| Utilization      | utilization of the functions of |             |          |
|                  | the software or relative to     |             |          |
|                  | utilization of other resources? |             |          |
|                  |                                 |             |          |
|                  | Valid values:                   |             |          |
|                  |                                 |             |          |
|                  | -  **software functions**       |             |          |
|                  |                                 |             |          |
|                  | -  **other resources**          |             |          |
+------------------+---------------------------------+-------------+----------+
| Limit            | The quantity (amount) the limit | Number      | Optional |
| Quantification   | expresses.                      |             |          |
+------------------+---------------------------------+-------------+----------+
| Aggregation      | Valid values: **peak, average** | String      | Optional |
| Function         |                                 |             |          |
+------------------+---------------------------------+-------------+----------+
| Aggregation      | Time period over which the      | String      | Optional |
| Interval         | aggregation is done (e.g.,      |             |          |
|                  | average sessions per quarter).  |             |          |
|                  | Required when an Aggregation    |             |          |
|                  | Function is specified.          |             |          |
|                  |                                 |             |          |
|                  | Valid values: **day, month,     |             |          |
|                  | quarter, year, minute, second,  |             |          |
|                  | millisecond**                   |             |          |
+------------------+---------------------------------+-------------+----------+
| Aggregation      | Is the limit quantity applicable| String      | Optional |
| Scope            | to a single entitlement or      |             |          |
|                  | license key (each separately)?  |             |          |
|                  | Or may the limit quantity be    |             |          |
|                  | combined with others of the same|             |          |
|                  | type (resulting in limit amount |             |          |
|                  | that is the sum of all the      |             |          |
|                  | purchased entitlements or       |             |          |
|                  | license keys)?                  |             |          |
|                  |                                 |             |          |
|                  | Valid values:                   |             |          |
|                  |                                 |             |          |
|                  | -  **single**                   |             |          |
|                  |                                 |             |          |
|                  | -  **combined**                 |             |          |
+------------------+---------------------------------+-------------+----------+
| Type of User     | Describes the types of users of | String      | Optional |
|                  | the functionality offered by the|             |          |
|                  | software (e.g., authorized,     |             |          |
|                  | named). This field is included  |             |          |
|                  | when Limit Type is user.        |             |          |
+------------------+---------------------------------+-------------+----------+

TOSCA model
-----------------------------

Table D1. ONAP Resource DM TOSCA/YAML constructs
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Standard TOSCA/YAML definitions agreed by VNF SDK Modeling team to be used by
VNF vendors to create a standard VNF descriptor.

All definitions are summarized in the table below based on the agreed ONAP
Resource DM TOSCA/YAML constructs for Beijing. Their syntax is specified in
ETSI GS NFV-SOL001 stable draft for VNF-D.

+------------+------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Requirement| Resource IM Info Elements    | TOSCA Constructs as per SOL001  |
| Number     |                              |                                 |
+============+==============================+=================================+
| R-02454    | VNFD.vnfSoftwareVersion      | For VDU.Compute -               |
|            |                              | tosca.artifacts.nfv.SwImage     |
|            |                              |                                 |
|            | SwImageDesc.Version          | For Virtual Storage -           |
|            |                              | tosca.artifacts.Deployment.Image|
+------------+------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| R-03070    | vnfExtCpd's with virtual     | tosca.nodes.nfv.VnfExtCp with a |
|            | NetworkInterfaceRequirements | property tosca.datatypes.nfv.\  |
|            | (vNIC)                       | VirtualNetworkInterface\        |
|            |                              | Requirements                    |
+------------+------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| R-09467    | VDU.Compute descriptor       | tosca.nodes.nfv.Vdu.Compute     |
+------------+------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| R-16065    | VDU.Compute. Configurable    | tosca.datatypes.nfv.Vnfc        |
|            | Properties                   | ConfigurableProperties          |
+------------+------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| R-30654    | VNFD.lifeCycleManagement     | Interface construct tosca.\     |
|            | Script - IFA011 LifeCycle\   | interfaces.nfv.vnf.lifecycle.Nfv|
|            | ManagementScript             | with a list of standard LCM     |
|            |                              | operations                      |
+------------+------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| R-35851    | CPD: VduCp, VnfExtCp,        | tosca.nodes.nfv.VduCp, tosca.\  |
|            | VnfVirtualLinkDesc, QoS      | nodes.nfv.VnfVirtualLink,       |
|            | Monitoring info element  -   | tosca.nodes.nfv.VnfExtCp        |
|            | TBD                          |                                 |
+------------+------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| R-41215    | VNFD/VDU Profile and scaling | tosca.datatypes.nfv.VduProfile  |
|            | aspect                       | and tosca.datatypes.nfv.\       |
|            |                              | ScalingAspect                   |
+------------+------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| R-66070    |  VNFD meta data              | tosca.datatypes.nfv.            |
|            |                              | VnfInfoModifiableAttributes -   |
|            |                              | metadata?                       |
+------------+------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| R-96634    | VNFD.configurableProperties  | tosca.datatypes.nfv.Vnf\        |
|            | describing scaling           | ConfigurableProperties,         |
|            | characteristics.  VNFD.\     | tosca.datatypes.nfv.ScaleInfo   |
|            | autoscale defines the rules  |                                 |
|            | for scaling based on specific|                                 |
|            | VNF  indications             |                                 |
+------------+------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| ?          |  VDU Virtual Storage         | tosca.nodes.nfv.Vdu.\           |
|            |                              | VirtualStorage                  |
+------------+------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| R-01478    | Monitoring Info Element (TBD)| tosca.capabilities.nfv.Metric - |
|            | - SOL001 per VNF/VDU/VLink   | type for monitoring             |
| R-01556    | memory-consumption,          |                                 |
|            | CPU-utilization,             | monitoring_parameter  of above  |
|            | bandwidth-consumption, VNFC  | type per VNF/VDU/VLink          |
|            | downtime, etc.               |                                 |
+------------+------------------------------+---------------------------------+


Table D2. TOSCA CSAR structure
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

This section defines the requirements around the CSAR structure.

The table below describes the numbered requirements for CSAR structure as
agreed with SDC. The format of the CSAR is specified in SOL004.

+------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------+
| Requirement| Description                         | CSAR artifact directory  |
| Number     |                                     |                          |
+============+=====================================+==========================+
| R-26881    | The VNF provider MUST provide the   | ROOT\\Artifacts\         |
|            | binaries and images needed to       | \\VNF_Image.bin          |
|            | instantiate the VNF (VNF and VNFC   |                          |
|            | images).                            |                          |
+------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------+
| R-30654    | VNFD.lifeCycleManagementScript that | ROOT\\Artifacts\         |
|            | includes a list of events and       | \\Informational\         |
|            | corresponding management scripts    | \\Install.csh            |
|            | performed for the VNF - SOL001      |                          |
+------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------+
| R-35851    | All VNF topology related definitions| ROOT\\Definitions\       |
|            | in yaml files VNFD/Main Service     | \\VNFC.yaml              |
|            | template at the ROOT                |                          |
|            |                                     | ROOT\                    |
|            |                                     | \\MainService\           |
|            |                                     | \\Template.yaml          |
+------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------+
| R-40827    | CSAR License directory - SOL004     | ROOT\\Licenses\          |
|            |                                     | \\License_term.txt       |
+------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------+
| R-77707    | CSAR Manifest file - SOL004         | ROOT\                    |
|            |                                     | \\MainServiceTemplate.mf |
+------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------+


Requirement List
--------------------------------

**VNF Development Requirements**
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

VNF Design
~~~~~~~~~~~~~

R-58421 The VNF **SHOULD** be decomposed into granular re-usable VNFCs.

R-82223 The VNF **MUST** be decomposed if the functions have
significantly different scaling characteristics (e.g., signaling
versus media functions, control versus data plane functions).

R-16496 The VNF **MUST** enable instantiating only the functionality that
is needed for the decomposed VNF (e.g., if transcoding is not needed it
should not be instantiated).

R-02360 The VNFC **MUST** be designed as a standalone, executable process.

R-34484 The VNF **SHOULD** create a single component VNF for VNFCs
that can be used by other VNFs.

R-23035 The VNF **MUST** be designed to scale horizontally (more
instances of a VNF or VNFC) and not vertically (moving the existing
instances to larger VMs or increasing the resources within a VM)
to achieve effective utilization of cloud resources.

R-30650 The VNF **MUST** utilize cloud provided infrastructure and
VNFs (e.g., virtualized Local Load Balancer) as part of the VNF so
that the cloud can manage and provide a consistent service resiliency
and methods across all VNF's.

R-12709 The VNFC **SHOULD** be independently deployed, configured,
upgraded, scaled, monitored, and administered by ONAP.

R-37692 The VNFC **MUST** provide API versioning to allow for
independent upgrades of VNFC.

R-86585 The VNFC **SHOULD** minimize the use of state within
a VNFC to facilitate the movement of traffic from one instance
to another.

R-65134 The VNF **SHOULD** maintain state in a geographically
redundant datastore that may, in fact, be its own VNFC.

R-75850 The VNF **SHOULD** decouple persistent data from the VNFC
and keep it in its own datastore that can be reached by all instances
of the VNFC requiring the data.

R-88199 The VNF **MUST** utilize a persistent datastore service that
can meet the data performance/latency requirements. (For example:
Datastore service could be a VNFC in VNF or a DBaaS in the Cloud
execution environment)

R-99656 The VNF **MUST** NOT terminate stable sessions if a VNFC
instance fails.

R-84473 The VNF **MUST** enable DPDK in the guest OS for VNF’s requiring
high packets/sec performance.  High packet throughput is defined as greater
than 500K packets/sec.

R-54430 The VNF **MUST** use the NCSP’s supported library and compute
flavor that supports DPDK to optimize network efficiency if using DPDK. [5]_

R-18864 The VNF **MUST** NOT use technologies that bypass virtualization
layers (such as SR-IOV) unless approved by the NCSP (e.g., if necessary
to meet functional or performance requirements).

R-64768 The VNF **MUST** limit the size of application data packets
to no larger than 9000 bytes for SDN network-based tunneling when
guest data packets are transported between tunnel endpoints that
support guest logical networks.

R-74481 The VNF **MUST** NOT require the use of a dynamic routing
protocol unless necessary to meet functional requirements.

VNF Resiliency
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

R-52499 The VNF **MUST** meet their own resiliency goals and not rely
on the Network Cloud.

R-42207 The VNF **MUST** design resiliency into a VNF such that the
resiliency deployment model (e.g., active-active) can be chosen at
run-time.

R-03954 The VNF **MUST** survive any single points of failure within
the Network Cloud (e.g., virtual NIC, VM, disk failure).

R-89010 The VNF **MUST** survive any single points of software failure
internal to the VNF (e.g., in memory structures, JMS message queues).

R-67709 The VNF **MUST** be designed, built and packaged to enable
deployment across multiple fault zones (e.g., VNFCs deployed in
different servers, racks, OpenStack regions, geographies) so that
in the event of a planned/unplanned downtime of a fault zone, the
overall operation/throughput of the VNF is maintained.

R-35291 The VNF **MUST** support the ability to failover a VNFC
automatically to other geographically redundant sites if not
deployed active-active to increase the overall resiliency of the VNF.

R-36843 The VNF **MUST** support the ability of the VNFC to be deployable
in multi-zoned cloud sites to allow for site support in the event of cloud
zone failure or upgrades.

R-00098 The VNF **MUST NOT** impact the ability of the VNF to provide
service/function due to a single container restart.

R-79952 The VNF **SHOULD** support container snapshots if not for rebuild
and evacuate for rollback or back out mechanism.

R-92935 The VNF **SHOULD** minimize the propagation of state information
across multiple data centers to avoid cross data center traffic.

R-26371 The VNF **MUST** detect communication failure for inter VNFC
instance and intra/inter VNF and re-establish communication
automatically to maintain the VNF without manual intervention to
provide service continuity.

R-18725 The VNF **MUST** handle the restart of a single VNFC instance
without requiring all VNFC instances to be restarted.

R-06668 The VNF **MUST** handle the start or restart of VNFC instances
in any order with each VNFC instance establishing or re-establishing
required connections or relationships with other VNFC instances and/or
VNFs required to perform the VNF function/role without requiring VNFC
instance(s) to be started/restarted in a particular order.

R-80070 The VNF **MUST** handle errors and exceptions so that they do
not interrupt processing of incoming VNF requests to maintain service
continuity (where the error is not directly impacting the software
handling the incoming request).

R-32695 The VNF **MUST** provide the ability to modify the number of
retries, the time between retries and the behavior/action taken after
the retries have been exhausted for exception handling to allow the
NCSP to control that behavior, where the interface and/or functional
specification allows for altering behaviour.

R-48356 The VNF **MUST** fully exploit exception handling to the extent
that resources (e.g., threads and memory) are released when no longer
needed regardless of programming language.

R-67918 The VNF **MUST** handle replication race conditions both locally
and geo-located in the event of a data base instance failure to maintain
service continuity.

R-36792 The VNF **MUST** automatically retry/resubmit failed requests
made by the software to its downstream system to increase the success rate.

R-70013 The VNF **MUST NOT** require any manual steps to get it ready for
service after a container rebuild.

R-65515 The VNF **MUST** provide a mechanism and tool to start VNF
containers (VMs) without impacting service or service quality assuming
another VNF in same or other geographical location is processing service
requests.

R-94978 The VNF **MUST** provide a mechanism and tool to perform a graceful
shutdown of all the containers (VMs) in the VNF without impacting service
or service quality assuming another VNF in same or other geographical
location can take over traffic and process service requests.

R-22059 The VNF **MUST NOT** execute long running tasks (e.g., IO,
database, network operations, service calls) in a critical section
of code, so as to minimize blocking of other operations and increase
concurrent throughput.

R-63473 The VNF **MUST** automatically advertise newly scaled
components so there is no manual intervention required.

R-74712 The VNF **MUST** utilize FQDNs (and not IP address) for
both Service Chaining and scaling.

R-41159 The VNF **MUST** deliver any and all functionality from any
VNFC in the pool (where pooling is the most suitable solution). The
VNFC pool member should be transparent to the client. Upstream and
downstream clients should only recognize the function being performed,
not the member performing it.

R-85959 The VNF **SHOULD** automatically enable/disable added/removed
sub-components or component so there is no manual intervention required.

R-06885 The VNF **SHOULD** support the ability to scale down a VNFC pool
without jeopardizing active sessions. Ideally, an active session should
not be tied to any particular VNFC instance.

R-12538 The VNF **SHOULD** support load balancing and discovery
mechanisms in resource pools containing VNFC instances.

R-98989 The VNF **SHOULD** utilize resource pooling (threads,
connections, etc.) within the VNF application so that resources
are not being created and destroyed resulting in resource management
overhead.

R-55345 The VNF **SHOULD** use techniques such as “lazy loading” when
initialization includes loading catalogues and/or lists which can grow
over time, so that the VNF startup time does not grow at a rate
proportional to that of the list.

R-35532 The VNF **SHOULD** release and clear all shared assets (memory,
database operations, connections, locks, etc.) as soon as possible,
especially before long running sync and asynchronous operations, so as
to not prevent use of these assets by other entities.

R-77334 The VNF **MUST** allow configurations and configuration parameters
to be managed under version control to ensure consistent configuration
deployment, traceability and rollback.

R-99766 The VNF **MUST** allow configurations and configuration parameters
to be managed under version control to ensure the ability to rollback to
a known valid configuration.

R-73583 The VNF **MUST** allow changes of configuration parameters
to be consumed by the VNF without requiring the VNF or its sub-components
to be bounced so that the VNF availability is not effected.

R-21558 The VNF **SHOULD** use intelligent routing by having knowledge
of multiple downstream/upstream endpoints that are exposed to it, to
ensure there is no dependency on external services (such as load balancers)
to switch to alternate endpoints.

R-08315 The VNF **SHOULD** use redundant connection pooling to connect
to any backend data source that can be switched between pools in an
automated/scripted fashion to ensure high availability of the connection
to the data source.

R-27995 The VNF **SHOULD** include control loop mechanisms to notify
the consumer of the VNF of their exceeding SLA thresholds so the consumer
is able to control its load against the VNF.

R-73364 The VNF **MUST** support at least two major versions of the
VNF software and/or sub-components to co-exist within production
environments at any time so that upgrades can be applied across
multiple systems in a staggered manner.

R-02454 The VNF **MUST** support the existence of multiple major/minor
versions of the VNF software and/or sub-components and interfaces that
support both forward and backward compatibility to be transparent to
the Service Provider usage.

R-57855 The VNF **MUST** support hitless staggered/rolling deployments
between its redundant instances to allow "soak-time/burn in/slow roll"
which can enable the support of low traffic loads to validate the
deployment prior to supporting full traffic loads.

R-64445 The VNF **MUST** support the ability of a requestor of the
service to determine the version (and therefore capabilities) of the
service so that Network Cloud Service Provider can understand the
capabilities of the service.

R-56793 The VNF **MUST** test for adherence to the defined performance
budgets at each layer, during each delivery cycle with delivered
results, so that the performance budget is measured and the code
is adjusted to meet performance budget.

R-77667 The VNF **MUST** test for adherence to the defined performance
budget at each layer, during each delivery cycle so that the performance
budget is measured and feedback is provided where the performance budget
is not met.

R-49308 The VNF **SHOULD** test for adherence to the defined resiliency
rating recommendation at each layer, during each delivery cycle with
delivered results, so that the resiliency rating is measured and the
code is adjusted to meet software resiliency requirements.

R-16039 The VNF **SHOULD** test for adherence to the defined
resiliency rating recommendation at each layer, during each
delivery cycle so that the resiliency rating is measured and
feedback is provided where software resiliency requirements are
not met.

R-34957 The VNF **MUST** provide a method of metrics gathering for each
layer's performance to identify/document variances in the allocations so
they can be addressed.

R-49224 The VNF **MUST** provide unique traceability of a transaction
through its life cycle to ensure quick and efficient troubleshooting.

R-52870 The VNF **MUST** provide a method of metrics gathering
and analysis to evaluate the resiliency of the software from both
a granular as well as a holistic standpoint. This includes, but is
not limited to thread utilization, errors, timeouts, and retries.

R-92571 The VNF **MUST** provide operational instrumentation such as
logging, so as to facilitate quick resolution of issues with the VNF to
provide service continuity.

R-48917 The VNF **MUST** monitor for and alert on (both sender and
receiver) errant, running longer than expected and missing file transfers,
so as to minimize the impact due to file transfer errors.

R-28168 The VNF **SHOULD** use an appropriately configured logging
level that can be changed dynamically, so as to not cause performance
degradation of the VNF due to excessive logging.

R-87352 The VNF **SHOULD** utilize Cloud health checks, when available
from the Network Cloud, from inside the application through APIs to check
the network connectivity, dropped packets rate, injection, and auto failover
to alternate sites if needed.

R-16560 The VNF **SHOULD** conduct a resiliency impact assessment for all
inter/intra-connectivity points in the VNF to provide an overall resiliency
rating for the VNF to be incorporated into the software design and
development of the VNF.

VNF Security
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

R-23740 The VNF **MUST** accommodate the security principle of
“least privilege” during development, implementation and operation.
The importance of “least privilege” cannot be overstated and must be
observed in all aspects of VNF development and not limited to security.
This is applicable to all sections of this document.

R-61354 The VNF **MUST** implement access control list for OA&M
services (e.g., restricting access to certain ports or applications).

R-85633 The VNF **MUST** implement Data Storage Encryption
(database/disk encryption) for Sensitive Personal Information (SPI)
and other subscriber identifiable data. Note: subscriber’s SPI/data
must be encrypted at rest, and other subscriber identifiable data
should be encrypted at rest. Other data protection requirements exist
and should be well understood by the developer.

R-92207 The VNF **SHOULD** implement a mechanism for automated and
frequent "system configuration (automated provisioning / closed loop)"
auditing.

R-23882 The VNF **SHOULD** be scanned using both network scanning
and application scanning security tools on all code, including underlying
OS and related configuration. Scan reports shall be provided. Remediation
roadmaps shall be made available for any findings.

R-46986 The VNF **SHOULD** have source code scanned using scanning
tools (e.g., Fortify) and provide reports.

R-55830 The VNF **MUST** distribute all production code from NCSP
internal sources only. No production code, libraries, OS images, etc.
shall be distributed from publically accessible depots.

R-99771 The VNF **MUST** provide all code/configuration files in a
"Locked down" or hardened state or with documented recommendations for
such hardening. All unnecessary services will be disabled. VNF provider
default credentials, community strings and other such artifacts will be
removed or disclosed so that they can be modified or removed during
provisioning.

R-19768 The VNF **SHOULD** support L3 VPNs that enable segregation of
traffic by application (dropping packets not belonging to the VPN) (i.e.,
AVPN, IPSec VPN for Internet routes).

R-33981 The VNF **SHOULD** interoperate with various access control
mechanisms for the Network Cloud execution environment (e.g.,
Hypervisors, containers).

R-40813 The VNF **SHOULD** support the use of virtual trusted platform
module, hypervisor security testing and standards scanning tools.

R-56904 The VNF **MUST** interoperate with the ONAP (SDN) Controller so that
it can dynamically modify the firewall rules, ACL rules, QoS rules, virtual
routing and forwarding rules.

R-26586 The VNF **SHOULD** support the ability to work with aliases
(e.g., gateways, proxies) to protect and encapsulate resources.

R-49956 The VNF **MUST** pass all access to applications (Bearer,
signaling and OA&M) through various security tools and platforms from
ACLs, stateful firewalls and application layer gateways depending on
manner of deployment. The application is expected to function (and in
some cases, interwork) with these security tools.

R-69649 The VNF **MUST** have all vulnerabilities patched as soon
as possible. Patching shall be controlled via change control process
with vulnerabilities disclosed along with mitigation recommendations.

R-78010 The VNF **MUST** use the NCSP’s IDAM API for Identification,
authentication and access control of customer or VNF application users.

R-42681 The VNF **MUST** use the NCSP’s IDAM API or comply with
the requirements if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API, for identification,
authentication and access control of OA&M and other system level
functions.

R-68589 The VNF **MUST**, if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API, support
User-IDs and passwords to uniquely identify the user/application. VNF
needs to have appropriate connectors to the Identity, Authentication
and Authorization systems that enables access at OS, Database and
Application levels as appropriate.

R-52085 The VNF **MUST**, if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API, provide
the ability to support Multi-Factor Authentication (e.g., 1st factor =
Software token on device (RSA SecureID); 2nd factor = User Name+Password,
etc.) for the users.

R-98391 The VNF **MUST**, if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API, support
Role-Based Access Control to permit/limit the user/application to
performing specific activities.

R-63217 The VNF **MUST**, if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API, support
logging via ONAP for a historical view of “who did what and when”.

R-62498 The VNF **MUST**, if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API, encrypt
OA&M access (e.g., SSH, SFTP).

R-79107 The VNF **MUST**, if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API, enforce
a configurable maximum number of Login attempts policy for the users.
VNF provider must comply with "terminate idle sessions" policy.
Interactive sessions must be terminated, or a secure, locking screensaver
must be activated requiring authentication, after a configurable period
of inactivity. The system-based inactivity timeout for the enterprise
identity and access management system must also be configurable.

R-35144 The VNF **MUST**, if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API, comply
with the NCSP’s credential management policy.

R-75041 The VNF **MUST**, if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API, expire
passwords at regular configurable intervals.

R-46908 The VNF **MUST**, if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API, comply
with "password complexity" policy. When passwords are used, they shall
be complex and shall at least meet the following password construction
requirements: (1) be a minimum configurable number of characters in
length, (2) include 3 of the 4 following types of characters:
upper-case alphabetic, lower-case alphabetic, numeric, and special,
(3) not be the same as the UserID with which they are associated or
other common strings as specified by the environment, (4) not contain
repeating or sequential characters or numbers, (5) not to use special
characters that may have command functions, and (6) new passwords must
not contain sequences of three or more characters from the previous
password.

R-39342 The VNF **MUST**, if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API, comply
with "password changes (includes default passwords)" policy. Products
will support password aging, syntax and other credential management
practices on a configurable basis.

R-40521 The VNF **MUST**, if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API, support
use of common third party authentication and authorization tools such
as TACACS+, RADIUS.

R-41994 The VNF **MUST**, if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API, comply
with "No Self-Signed Certificates" policy. Self-signed certificates
must be used for encryption only, using specified and approved
encryption protocols such as TLS 1.2 or higher or equivalent security
protocols such as IPSec, AES.

R-23135 The VNF **MUST**, if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API,
authenticate system to system communications where one system
accesses the resources of another system, and must never conceal
individual accountability.

R-95105 The VNF **MUST** host connectors for access to the application
layer.

R-45496 The VNF **MUST** host connectors for access to the OS
(Operating System) layer.

R-05470 The VNF **MUST** host connectors for access to the database layer.

R-99174 The VNF **MUST** comply with Individual Accountability
(each person must be assigned a unique ID) when persons or non-person
entities access VNFs.

R-42874 The VNF **MUST** comply with Least Privilege (no more
privilege than required to perform job functions) when persons
or non-person entities access VNFs.

R-71787 The VNF **MUST** comply with Segregation of Duties (access to a
single layer and no developer may access production without special
oversight) when persons or non-person entities access VNFs.

R-86261 The VNF **MUST NOT** allow VNF provider access to VNFs remotely.

R-49945 The VNF **MUST** authorize VNF provider access through a
client application API by the client application owner and the resource
owner of the VNF before provisioning authorization through Role Based
Access Control (RBAC), Attribute Based Access Control (ABAC), or other
policy based mechanism.

R-31751 The VNF **MUST** subject VNF provider access to privilege
reconciliation tools to prevent access creep and ensure correct
enforcement of access policies.

R-34552 The VNF **MUST** provide or support the Identity and Access
Management (IDAM) based threat detection data for OWASP Top 10.

R-29301 The VNF **MUST** provide or support the Identity and Access
Management (IDAM) based threat detection data for Password Attacks.

R-72243 The VNF **MUST** provide or support the Identity and Access
Management (IDAM) based threat detection data for Phishing / SMishing.

R-58998 The VNF **MUST** provide or support the Identity and Access
Management (IDAM) based threat detection data for Malware (Key Logger).

R-14025 The VNF **MUST** provide or support the Identity and Access
Management (IDAM) based threat detection data for Session Hijacking.

R-31412 The VNF **MUST** provide or support the Identity and Access
Management (IDAM) based threat detection data for XSS / CSRF.

R-51883 The VNF **MUST** provide or support the Identity and Access
Management (IDAM) based threat detection data for Replay.

R-44032 The VNF **MUST** provide or support the Identity and Access
Management (IDAM) based threat detection data for Man in the Middle (MITM).

R-58977 The VNF **MUST** provide or support the Identity and Access
Management (IDAM) based threat detection data for Eavesdropping.

R-24825 The VNF **MUST** provide Context awareness data (device,
location, time, etc.) and be able to integrate with threat detection system.

R-59391 The VNF provider **MUST**, where a VNF provider requires
the assumption of permissions, such as root or administrator, first
log in under their individual user login ID then switch to the other
higher level account; or where the individual user login is infeasible,
must login with an account with admin privileges in a way that
uniquely identifies the individual performing the function.

R-85028 The VNF **MUST** authenticate system to system access and
do not conceal a VNF provider user’s individual accountability for
transactions.

R-80335 The VNF **MUST** make visible a Warning Notice: A formal
statement of resource intent, i.e., a warning notice, upon initial
access to a VNF provider user who accesses private internal networks
or Company computer resources, e.g., upon initial logon to an internal
web site, system or application which requires authentication.

R-73541 The VNF **MUST** use access controls for VNFs and their
supporting computing systems at all times to restrict access to
authorized personnel only, e.g., least privilege. These controls
could include the use of system configuration or access control
software.

R-64503 The VNF **MUST** provide minimum privileges for initial
and default settings for new user accounts.

R-86835 The VNF **MUST** set the default settings for user access
to sensitive commands and data to deny authorization.

R-77157 The VNF **MUST** conform to approved request, workflow
authorization, and authorization provisioning requirements when
creating privileged users.

R-81147 The VNF **MUST** have greater restrictions for access and
execution, such as up to 3 factors of authentication and restricted
authorization, for commands affecting network services, such as
commands relating to VNFs.

R-49109 The VNF **MUST** encrypt TCP/IP--HTTPS (e.g., TLS v1.2)
transmission of data on internal and external networks.

R-39562 The VNF **MUST** disable unnecessary or vulnerable cgi-bin programs.

R-15671 The VNF **MUST NOT** provide public or unrestricted access
to any data without the permission of the data owner. All data
classification and access controls must be followed.

R-89753 The VNF **MUST NOT** install or use systems, tools or
utilities capable of capturing or logging data that was not created
by them or sent specifically to them in production, without
authorization of the VNF system owner.

R-19082 The VNF **MUST NOT** run security testing tools and
programs, e.g., password cracker, port scanners, hacking tools
in production, without authorization of the VNF system owner.

R-19790 The VNF **MUST NOT** include authentication credentials
in security audit logs, even if encrypted.

R-85419 The VNF **SHOULD** use REST APIs exposed to Client
Applications for the implementation of OAuth 2.0 Authorization
Code Grant and Client Credentials Grant, as the standard interface
for a VNF.

R-48080 The VNF **SHOULD** support SCEP (Simple Certificate
Enrollment Protocol).

R-37608 The VNF **MUST** provide a mechanism to restrict access based
on the attributes of the VNF and the attributes of the subject.

R-43884 The VNF **MUST** integrate with external authentication
and authorization services (e.g., IDAM).

R-25878 The VNF **MUST** use certificates issued from publicly
recognized Certificate Authorities (CA) for the authentication process
where PKI-based authentication is used.

R-19804 The VNF **MUST** validate the CA signature on the certificate,
ensure that the date is within the validity period of the certificate,
check the Certificate Revocation List (CRL), and recognize the identity
represented by the certificate where PKI-based authentication is used.

R-47204 The VNF **MUST** protect the confidentiality and integrity of
data at rest and in transit from unauthorized access and modification.

R-33488 The VNF **MUST** protect against all denial of service
attacks, both volumetric and non-volumetric, or integrate with external
denial of service protection tools.

R-21652 The VNF **MUST** implement the following input validation
control: Check the size (length) of all input. Do not permit an amount
of input so great that it would cause the VNF to fail. Where the input
may be a file, the VNF API must enforce a size limit.

R-54930 The VNF **MUST** implement the following input validation
control: Do not permit input that contains content or characters
inappropriate to the input expected by the design. Inappropriate input,
such as SQL insertions, may cause the system to execute undesirable
and unauthorized transactions against the database or allow other
inappropriate access to the internal network.

R-21210 The VNF **MUST** implement the following input validation
control: Validate that any input file has a correct and valid
Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) type. Input files
should be tested for spoofed MIME types.

R-23772 The VNF **MUST** validate input at all layers implementing VNF APIs.

R-87135 The VNF **MUST** comply with NIST standards and industry
best practices for all implementations of cryptography.

R-02137 The VNF **MUST** implement all monitoring and logging as
described in the Security Analytics section.

R-15659 The VNF **MUST** restrict changing the criticality level of
a system security alarm to administrator(s).

R-19367 The VNF **MUST** monitor API invocation patterns to detect
anomalous access patterns that may represent fraudulent access or
other types of attacks, or integrate with tools that implement anomaly
and abuse detection.

R-78066 The VNF **MUST** support requests for information from law
enforcement and government agencies.

R-48470 The VNF **MUST** support Real-time detection and
notification of security events.

R-22286 The VNF **MUST** support Integration functionality via
API/Syslog/SNMP to other functional modules in the network (e.g.,
PCRF, PCEF) that enable dynamic security control by blocking the
malicious traffic or malicious end users.

R-32636 The VNF **MUST** support API-based monitoring to take care of
the scenarios where the control interfaces are not exposed, or are
optimized and proprietary in nature.

R-61648 The VNF **MUST** support event logging, formats, and delivery
tools to provide the required degree of event data to ONAP.

R-22367 The VNF **MUST** support detection of malformed packets due to
software misconfiguration or software vulnerability.

R-31961 The VNF **MUST** support integrated DPI/monitoring functionality
as part of VNFs (e.g., PGW, MME).

R-20912 The VNF **MUST** support alternative monitoring capabilities
when VNFs do not expose data or control traffic or use proprietary and
optimized protocols for inter VNF communication.

R-73223 The VNF **MUST** support proactive monitoring to detect and
report the attacks on resources so that the VNFs and associated VMs can
be isolated, such as detection techniques for resource exhaustion, namely
OS resource attacks, CPU attacks, consumption of kernel memory, local
storage attacks.

R-58370 The VNF **MUST** coexist and operate normally with commercial
anti-virus software which shall produce alarms every time when there is a
security incident.

R-56920 The VNF **MUST** protect all security audit logs (including
API, OS and application-generated logs), security audit software, data,
and associated documentation from modification, or unauthorized viewing,
by standard OS access control mechanisms, by sending to a remote system,
or by encryption.

R-54520 The VNF **MUST** log successful and unsuccessful login attempts.

R-55478 The VNF **MUST** log logoffs.

R-08598 The VNF **MUST** log successful and unsuccessful changes to
a privilege level.

R-13344 The VNF **MUST** log starting and stopping of security
logging.

R-07617 The VNF **MUST** log creating, removing, or changing the
inherent privilege level of users.

R-94525 The VNF **MUST** log connections to a network listener of the
resource.

R-31614 The VNF **MUST** log the field “event type” in the security
audit logs.

R-97445 The VNF **MUST** log the field “date/time” in the security
audit logs.

R-25547 The VNF **MUST** log the field “protocol” in the security audit logs.

R-06413 The VNF **MUST** log the field “service or program used for
access” in the security audit logs.

R-15325 The VNF **MUST** log the field “success/failure” in the
security audit logs.

R-89474 The VNF **MUST** log the field “Login ID” in the security audit logs.

R-04982 The VNF **MUST NOT** include an authentication credential,
e.g., password, in the security audit logs, even if encrypted.

R-63330 The VNF **MUST** detect when the security audit log storage
medium is approaching capacity (configurable) and issue an alarm via
SMS or equivalent as to allow time for proper actions to be taken to
pre-empt loss of audit data.

R-41252 The VNF **MUST** support the capability of online storage of
security audit logs.

R-41825 The VNF **MUST** activate security alarms automatically when
the following event is detected: configurable number of consecutive
unsuccessful login attempts

R-43332 The VNF **MUST** activate security alarms automatically when
the following event is detected: successful modification of critical
system or application files

R-74958 The VNF **MUST** activate security alarms automatically when
the following event is detected: unsuccessful attempts to gain permissions
or assume the identity of another user

R-15884 The VNF **MUST** include the field “date” in the Security alarms
(where applicable and technically feasible).

R-23957 The VNF **MUST** include the field “time” in the Security alarms
(where applicable and technically feasible).

R-71842 The VNF **MUST** include the field “service or program used for
access” in the Security alarms (where applicable and technically feasible).

R-57617 The VNF **MUST** include the field “success/failure” in the
Security alarms (where applicable and technically feasible).

R-99730 The VNF **MUST** include the field “Login ID” in the Security
alarms (where applicable and technically feasible).

R-29705 The VNF **MUST** restrict changing the criticality level of a
system security alarm to administrator(s).

R-13627 The VNF **MUST** monitor API invocation patterns to detect
anomalous access patterns that may represent fraudulent access or other
types of attacks, or integrate with tools that implement anomaly and
abuse detection.

R-21819 The VNF **MUST** support requests for information from law
enforcement and government agencies.

R-56786 The VNF **MUST** implement “Closed Loop” automatic implementation
(without human intervention) for Known Threats with detection rate in low
false positives.

R-25094 The VNF **MUST** perform data capture for security functions.

R-04492 The VNF **MUST** generate security audit logs that must be sent
to Security Analytics Tools for analysis.

R-19219 The VNF **MUST** provide audit logs that include user ID, dates,
times for log-on and log-off, and terminal location at minimum.

R-30932 The VNF **MUST** provide security audit logs including records
of successful and rejected system access data and other resource access
attempts.

R-54816 The VNF **MUST** support the storage of security audit logs
for agreed period of time for forensic analysis.

R-57271 The VNF **MUST** provide the capability of generating security
audit logs by interacting with the operating system (OS) as appropriate.

R-84160 The VNF **MUST** have security logging for VNFs and their
OSs be active from initialization. Audit logging includes automatic
routines to maintain activity records and cleanup programs to ensure
the integrity of the audit/logging systems.

R-58964 The VNF **MUST** provide the capability to restrict read
and write access to data.

R-99112 The VNF **MUST** provide the capability to restrict access
to data to specific users.

R-83227 The VNF **MUST** Provide the capability to encrypt data in
transit on a physical or virtual network.

R-32641 The VNF **MUST** provide the capability to encrypt data on
non-volatile memory.

R-13151 The VNF **SHOULD** disable the paging of the data requiring
encryption, if possible, where the encryption of non-transient data is
required on a device for which the operating system performs paging to
virtual memory. If not possible to disable the paging of the data
requiring encryption, the virtual memory should be encrypted.

R-93860 The VNF **MUST** provide the capability to integrate with an
external encryption service.

R-73067 The VNF **MUST** use industry standard cryptographic algorithms
and standard modes of operations when implementing cryptography.

R-22645 The VNF **SHOULD** use commercial algorithms only when there
are no applicable governmental standards for specific cryptographic
functions, e.g., public key cryptography, message digests.

R-12467 The VNF **MUST NOT** use the SHA, DSS, MD5, SHA-1 and
Skipjack algorithms or other compromised encryption.

R-02170 The VNF **MUST** use, whenever possible, standard implementations
of security applications, protocols, and format, e.g., S/MIME, TLS, SSH,
IPSec, X.509 digital certificates for cryptographic implementations.
These implementations must be purchased from reputable vendors and must
not be developed in-house.

R-70933 The VNF **MUST** provide the ability to migrate to newer
versions of cryptographic algorithms and protocols with no impact.

R-44723 The VNF **MUST** use symmetric keys of at least 112 bits in length.

R-25401 The VNF **MUST** use asymmetric keys of at least 2048 bits in length.

R-95864 The VNF **MUST** use commercial tools that comply with X.509
standards and produce x.509 compliant keys for public/private key generation.

R-12110 The VNF **MUST NOT** use keys generated or derived from
predictable functions or values, e.g., values considered predictable
include user identity information, time of day, stored/transmitted data.

R-52060 The VNF **MUST** provide the capability to configure encryption
algorithms or devices so that they comply with the laws of the jurisdiction
in which there are plans to use data encryption.

R-69610 The VNF **MUST** provide the capability of using certificates
issued from a Certificate Authority not provided by the VNF provider.

R-83500 The VNF **MUST** provide the capability of allowing certificate
renewal and revocation.

R-29977 The VNF **MUST** provide the capability of testing the validity
of a digital certificate by validating the CA signature on the certificate.

R-24359 The VNF **MUST** provide the capability of testing the validity
of a digital certificate by validating the date the certificate is being
used is within the validity period for the certificate.

R-39604 The VNF **MUST** provide the capability of testing the
validity of a digital certificate by checking the Certificate Revocation
List (CRL) for the certificates of that type to ensure that the
certificate has not been revoked.

R-75343 The VNF **MUST** provide the capability of testing the
validity of a digital certificate by recognizing the identity represented
by the certificate — the "distinguished name".

VNF Modularity
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

R-37028 The VNF **MUST** be composed of one “base” module.

R-41215 The VNF **MAY** have zero to many “incremental” modules.

R-20974 The VNF **MUST** deploy the base module first, prior to
the incremental modules.

R-11200 The VNF **MUST** keep the scope of a Cinder volume module,
when it exists, to be 1:1 with the VNF Base Module or Incremental Module.

R-38474 The VNF **MUST** have a corresponding environment file for
a Base Module.

R-81725 The VNF **MUST** have a corresponding environment file for
an Incremental Module.

R-53433 The VNF **MUST** have a corresponding environment file for
a Cinder Volume Module.

VNF Devops
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

R-46960 NCSPs **MAY** operate a limited set of Guest OS and CPU
architectures and families, virtual machines, etc.

R-23475 VNFCs **SHOULD** be agnostic to the details of the Network Cloud
(such as hardware, host OS, Hypervisor or container technology) and must run
on the Network Cloud with acknowledgement to the paradigm that the Network
Cloud will continue to rapidly evolve and the underlying components of
the platform will change regularly.

R-33846 The VNF **MUST** install the NCSP required software on Guest OS
images when not using the NCSP provided Guest OS images. [5]_

R-09467 The VNF **MUST**  utilize only NCSP standard compute flavors. [5]_

R-02997 The VNF **MUST** preserve their persistent data. Running VMs
will not be backed up in the Network Cloud infrastructure.

R-29760 The VNFC **MUST** be installed on non-root file systems,
unless software is specifically included with the operating system
distribution of the guest image.

R-20860 The VNF **MUST** be agnostic to the underlying infrastructure
(such as hardware, host OS, Hypervisor), any requirements should be
provided as specification to be fulfilled by any hardware.

R-89800 The VNF **MUST NOT** require Hypervisor-level customization
from the cloud provider.

R-86758 The VNF **SHOULD** provide an automated test suite to validate
every new version of the software on the target environment(s). The tests
should be of sufficient granularity to independently test various
representative VNF use cases throughout its lifecycle. Operations might
choose to invoke these tests either on a scheduled basis or on demand to
support various operations functions including test, turn-up and
troubleshooting.

R-39650 The VNF **SHOULD** provide the ability to test incremental
growth of the VNF.

R-14853 The VNF **MUST** respond to a "move traffic" [2]_ command
against a specific VNFC, moving all existing session elsewhere with
minimal disruption if a VNF provides a load balancing function across
multiple instances of its VNFCs. Note: Individual VNF performance
aspects (e.g., move duration or disruption scope) may require further
constraints.

R-06327 The VNF **MUST** respond to a "drain VNFC" [2]_ command against
a specific VNFC, preventing new session from reaching the targeted VNFC,
with no disruption to active sessions on the impacted VNFC, if a VNF
provides a load balancing function across multiple instances of its VNFCs.
This is used to support scenarios such as proactive maintenance with no
user impact.

R-64713 The VNF **SHOULD** support a software promotion methodology
from dev/test -> pre-prod -> production in software, development &
testing and operations.

**VNF Modeling Requirements**
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Heat
~~~~~~

R-43125 The VNF Heat **MUST** indent properties and lists with 1 or
more spaces.

R-67888 The VNF Heat **MUST** contain the following
sections:

- heat\_template\_version:
- description:
- parameters:
- resources:

R-39402 The VNF Heat **MUST** contain the description section.

R-35414 The VNF Heat **MUST** contain the parameter section.

R-90279 The VNF Heat **MUST** use in a resource all parameters declared in
a template except for the parameters for the OS::Nova::Server property
availability\_zone. See Property: availability\_zone. for more details on
availability\_zone.

R-28657 The VNF Heat **MUST** provide the attribute 'type' on
parameters per the OpenStack Heat Orchestration Template standard.

R-44001 The VNF Heat **MUST** provide the attribute 'description'
on parameters. (Note that this attribute is OpenStack optional.)

R-90526 The VNF Heat **MUST NOT** use the attribute 'default'.
If a parameter has a default value, it must be provided in
the environment file. (Note that this attribute is OpenStack
optional.)

R-88863 The VNF Heat **MUST** have a constraint of range or
allowed\_values for a parameter type 'number'.

- range: The range constraint applies to parameters of type number.
  It defines a lower and upper limit for the numeric value of the
  parameter. The syntax of the range constraint is

R-23664 The VNF Heat **MUST** have a resources: section with the
declaration of at least one resource.

R-16447 The VNF Heat **MUST** have unique resource IDs across all Heat
Orchestration Templates that compose the VNF. This requirement
also applies when a VNF is composed of more than one Heat
Orchestration Template (see ONAP VNF Modularity Overview).

R-97199 The VNF Heat **MUST** use the metadata property for
OS::Nova::Server resource type.

R-03324 The VNF Heat **MUST** contain the following sections in the
environment file:

- parameters:

R-19473 The VNF Heat **MUST** include “base” in the filename for the
base module.

R-81339 The VNF Heat **MUST** match one of the following options for
the base module file name:

- base\_<text>.y[a]ml
- <text>\_base.y[a]ml
- base.y[a]ml
- <text>\_base\_<text>.y[a]ml

R-91342 The VNF Heat **MUST** name the base module’s corresponding
environment file to be identical to the base module with “.y[a]ml”
replaced with “.env”.

R-87247 The VNF Heat **MUST NOT** use any special characters or the
word “base” in the name of the incremental module.

- <text>.y[a]ml

R-94509 The VNF Heat **MUST** name the incremental module’s
corresponding environment file to be identical to the incremental
module with “.y[a]ml” replaced with “.env”.

R-82732 The VNF Heat **MUST** name the Cinder volume module file name
to be the same as the corresponding module it is supporting (base
module or incremental module) with “\_volume” appended.

- <base module name>\_volume.y[a]ml
- <incremental module name>\_volume.y[a]ml

R-31141 The VNF Heat **MUST** name the volume module’s corresponding
environment file to be identical to the volume module with “.y[a]ml”
replaced with “.env”.

R-76057 The VNF Heat **MUST NOT** use special characters
or the word “base” in the file name for the nested template.

R-18224 The VNF Heat **MUST** pass in as properties all parameter values
associated with the nested heat file in the resource definition defined
in the parent heat template.

R-07443 The VNF Heat **MUST** match the Output parameter name and type with
the input parameter name and type unless the Output parameter is of the
type comma\_delimited\_list.

R-23983 The VNF **MUST** pass the external networks into the VNF Heat
Orchestration Templates as parameters.

- Neutron Network-id (UUID)
- Neutron Network subnet ID (UUID)
- Contrail Network Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN)

R-63345 The VNF Heat **MUST** pass the appropriate external
network IDs into nested VM templates when nested Heat is used.

R-35666 The VNF Heat **MUST** include the resource(s) to
create the internal network. The internal network must be either a
Neutron Network or a Contrail Network.

R-86972 The VNF Heat **MUST** create internal networks in the Base
Module, in the modular approach, with their resource IDs exposed as outputs
(i.e., ONAP Base Module Output Parameters) for use by all incremental
modules. If the Network resource ID is required in the base template,
then a get\_resource must be used.

R-68936 The VNF Heat **SHOULD** assign a unique
{network-role} in the context of the VNF, when the internal network is
created. ONAP Resource ID and Parameter Naming Convention provides
additional details.

R-01455 The VNF Heat **MUST** assign a VNF unique
{vm-type} for each Virtual Machine type (i.e., OS::Nova::Server)
instantiated in the VNF. While the {vm-type} must be unique to the VNF,
it does not have to be globally unique across all VNFs that ONAP
supports.

R-82481 The VNF Heat **MUST** include {vm-type} as part of the parameter name
for any parameter that is associated with a unique Virtual Machine type.

R-66729 The VNF Heat **MUST** include {vm-type} as part of the resource ID
for any resource ID that is associated with a unique Virtual Machine type in
the VNF.

R-32394 The VNF Heat **MUST** use the same case for {vm-type} for all
parameter names in the VNF.

R-46839 The VNF Heat **MUST** use the same case for {vm-type} for all
Resource IDs in the VNF.

R-05008 The VNF Heat **MUST NOT** be prefixed with a common
{vm-type} identifier for the six ONAP Metadata parameters.
They are *vnf\_name*, *vnf\_id*, *vf\_module\_id*, *vf\_module\_name*,
*vm\_role*. The ONAP Metadata parameters are described in
Resource: OS::Nova::Server – Metadata Parameters.

R-15422 The VNF Heat **MUST NOT** be prefixed with a common {vm-type}
identifier the parameter referring to the OS::Nova::Server property
availability\_zone. availability\_zone is described in
Property: availability_zone.

R-21330 The VNF Heat **MUST** include the {network-role} as part of the
parameter name for any parameter that is associated with an external network.

R-11168 The VNF Heat **MUST** include the {network-role} as part of the
resource ID for any resource ID that is associated with an external network
must.

R-84322 The VNF Heat **MUST** include int\_{network-role} as part of the
parameter name for any parameter that is associated with an internal network.

R-96983 The VNF Heat **MUST** include int\_{network-role} as part of the
resource ID for any resource ID that is associated with an internal network.

R-58424 The VNF Heat **MUST** use the same case for {network-role} for
all parameter names in the VNF.

R-21511 The VNF Heat **MUST** use the same case for {network-role} for
all Resource IDs in the VNF.

R-59629 The VNF Heat **MUST** have unique resource IDs within the
resources section of a Heat Orchestration Template. This is an
OpenStack Requirement.

R-43319 The VNF Heat **MUST** have unique resource IDs
across all modules that compose the VNF,
when a VNF is composed of more than one Heat Orchestration Template
(i.e., modules).

R-54517 The VNF Heat **MUST** include {vm-type} in the resource ID
when a resource is associated with a single {vm-type}.

R-96482 The VNF Heat **MUST** include {network-role} in the resource ID
when a resource is associated with a single external network.

R-98138 The VNF Heat **MUST** include int\_{network-role} in the resource ID
when a resource is associated with a single internal network.

R-82115 The VNF Heat **MUST** include both the {vm-type} and
{network-role} in the resource ID,
when a resource is associated with a single {vm-type} and a single
external network.

- The {vm-type} must appear before the {network-role} and must be
  separated by an underscore (i.e., {vm-type}\_{network-role}).
- Note that an {index} value may separate the {vm-type} and the
  {network-role}. An underscore will separate the three values (i.e.,
  {vm-type}\_{index}\_{network-role}).

R-82551 The VNF Heat **MUST** include both the {vm-type} and
int\_{network-role} in the resource ID,
when a resource is associated with a single {vm-type} and a single
internal network.

- The {vm-type} must appear before the int\_{network-role} and must be
  separated by an underscore (i.e., {vm-type}\_int\_{network-role}).
- Note that an {index} value may separate the {vm-type} and the
  int\_{network-role}. An underscore will separate the three values
  (i.e., {vm-type}\_{index}\_int\_{network-role}).

R-69287 The VNF Heat **MUST** use only alphanumeric characters and “\_”
underscores in the resource ID. Special characters must not be used.

R-71152 The VNF Heat **MUST** declare as type: string the parameter
for property image.

R-91125 The VNF Heat **MUST** enumerate the parameter for property
image in the Heat Orchestration Template environment file.

R-57282 The VNF Heat **MUST** have a separate parameter for image for
Each VM type (i.e., {vm-type}) even if more than one {vm-type} shares
the same image. This provides maximum clarity and flexibility.

R-50436 The VNF Heat **MUST** declare the parameter property for
flavor as type: string.

R-69431 The VNF Heat **MUST** enumerate the parameter for property
flavor in the Heat Orchestration Template environment file.

R-40499 The VNF Heat **MUST** have a separate parameter for flavor for each
VM type (i.e., {vm-type}) even if more than one {vm-type} shares the same
flavor. This provides maximum clarity and flexibility.

R-22838 The VNF Heat **MUST NOT** enumerate the parameter for property name
in the environment file.

R-51430 The VNF Heat **MUST** declare the parameter for property name as
type: string or type: comma\_delimited\_list

R-98450 The VNF Heat **MUST** name the parameter availability\_zone\_{index}
in the Heat Orchestration Template.

R-13561 The VNF Heat **MUST** start the {index} at zero.

R-60204 The VNF Heat **MUST** increment the {index} by one.

R-36887 The VNF Heat **MUST NOT** include the {vm-type} in the parameter name.

R-17020 The VNF Heat **MUST** include the following three mandatory
metadata parameters for an OS::Nova::Server resource:

- vnf\_id
- vf\_module\_id
- vnf\_name

R-55218 The VNF Heat **MUST NOT** have parameter constraints defined
for the OS::Nova::Server metadata parameter vnf\_id.

R-20856 The VNF Heat **MUST NOT** enumerate the OS::Nova::Server
metadata parameter vnf\_id in environment file.

R-98374 The VNF Heat **MUST NOT** have parameter constraints
defined for the OS::Nova::Server metadata parameter vf\_module\_id.

R-72871 The VNF Heat **MUST NOT** enumerate the OS::Nova::Server
metadata parameter vf\_module\_id in environment file.

R-44318 The VNF Heat **MUST NOT** have parameter constraints defined
for the OS::Nova::Server metadata parameter vnf\_name.

R-36542 The VNF Heat **MUST NOT** enumerate the OS::Nova::Server
metadata parameter vnf\_name in the environment file.

R-72050 The VNF Heat **MUST** contain {network-role} in the parameter name

R-57576 The VNF Heat **MUST** contain int\_{network-role}
in the parameter name.

R-93272 The VNF Heat **MUST** adhere to the following parameter naming
convention in the Heat Orchestration Template, when the parameter
associated with the property network is referencing an “external” network:

- {network-role}\_net\_id for the Neutron network ID
- {network-role}\_net\_name for the network name in OpenStack

R-65373 The VNF Heat **MUST**  adhere to the following parameter naming
convention, when the parameter associated with the property network is
referencing an “internal” network:

- int\_{network-role}\_net\_id for the Neutron network ID
- int\_{network-role}\_net\_name for the network name in OpenStack

R-47716 The VNF Heat **MUST** adhere to the following parameter naming
convention for the property fixed\_ips and Map Property subnet\_id
parameter, when the parameter is referencing a subnet of an
“external” network.

- {network-role}\_subnet\_id if the subnet is an IPv4 subnet
- {network-role}\_v6\_subnet\_id if the subnet is an IPv6 subnet

R-20106 The VNF Heat **MUST** adhere to the following naming convention for
the property fixed\_ips and Map Property subnet\_id parameter,
when the parameter is referencing the subnet of an “internal” network:

- int\_{network-role}\_subnet\_id if the subnet is an IPv4 subnet
- int\_{network-role}\_v6\_subnet\_id if the subnet is an IPv6 subnet

R-41177 The VNF Heat **MUST** include {vm-type} and {network-role}
in the parameter name, when a SDN-C IP assignment is made to a
port connected to an external network.

R-84898 The VNF Heat **MUST** adhere to the following naming convention,
when the parameter for property fixed\_ips and Map Property ip\_address
is declared type: comma\_delimited\_list:

- {vm-type}\_{network-role}\_ips for IPv4 address
- {vm-type}\_{network-role}\_v6\_ips for IPv6 address

R-34960 The VNF Heat **MUST** adhere to the following
naming convention,
when the parameter for property fixed\_ips and Map Property ip\_address
is declared type: string:

- {vm-type}\_{network-role}\_ip\_{index} for an IPv4 address
- {vm-type}\_{network-role}\_v6\_ip\_{index} for an IPv6 address

R-62584 The VNF Heat **MUST** adhere to
the following naming convention,
when the parameter for property fixed\_ips and Map Property ip\_address
is declared type: comma\_delimited\_list:

- {vm-type}\_int\_{network-role}\_ips for IPv4 address
- {vm-type}\_int\_{network-role}\_v6\_ips for IPv6 address

R-29256 The VNF Heat **MUST** must adhere to the following
naming convention,
when the parameter for property fixed\_ips and Map Property ip\_address
is declared type: string:

- {vm-type}\_int\_{network-role}\_ip\_{index} for an IPv4 address
- {vm-type}\_int\_{network-role}\_v6\_ip\_{index} for an IPv6 address

R-61282 The VNF Heat **MUST**
adhere to the following naming convention for the property
allowed\_address\_pairs and Map Property ip\_address parameter,
when the parameter is referencing an “external” network:

- {vm-type}\_{network-role}\_floating\_ip for an IPv4 address
- {vm-type}\_{network-role}\_floating\_v6\_ip for an IPv6 address

R-16805 The VNF Heat **MUST** adhere to the following naming convention
for the property allowed\_address\_pairs and Map Property ip\_address
parameter when the parameter is referencing an “internal” network.

- {vm-type}\_int\_{network-role}\_floating\_ip for an IPv4 address
- {vm-type}\_int\_{network-role}\_floating\_v6\_ip for an IPv6 address

R-85734 The VNF Heat **MUST** use the intrinsic function str\_replace
in conjunction with the ONAP supplied metadata parameter
vnf\_name to generate a unique value,
when the property name for a non OS::Nova::Server resources is defined
in a Heat Orchestration Template.

R-47788 The VNF Heat **MUST** have a 1:1 scope of a cinder volume module,
when it exists, with the Base Module or Incremental Module

R-79531 The VNF Heat **MUST** define “outputs” in the volume
template for each Cinder volume resource universally unique
identifier (UUID) (i.e. ONAP Volume Template Output Parameters).

R-86285 The VNF Heat **MUST** have a
corresponding environment file, even if no parameters are required to be
enumerated.

R-67205 The VNF Heat **MUST** have a corresponding
environment file for a Base Module.

R-35727 The VNF Heat **MUST** have a
corresponding environment file for an Incremental module.

R-22656 The VNF Heat **MUST** have a corresponding environment file
for a Cinder Volume Module.

R-89868 The VNF Heat **MUST** have unique file names within the scope
of the VNF for a nested heat yaml file.

R-52530 The VNF Heat **MUST NOT** use a directory hierarchy for
nested templates. All templates must be in a single, flat directory
(per VNF).

R-11041 The VNF Heat **MUST** have the resource calling the
nested yaml file pass in as properties all parameters defined
in nested yaml file.

R-61183 The VNF Heat **MUST NOT** change the parameter names, when
OS::Nova::Server metadata parameters are past into a nested heat template.

R-76718 The VNF Heat **MUST** reference the get\_files targets in
Heat templates by file name, and the corresponding files should be
delivered to ONAP along with the Heat templates.

R-41888 The VNE Heat **MUST NOT** use URL-based file retrieval.

R-62177 The VNF Heat **MUST** have unique file names for the included
files within the scope of the VNF.

R-87848 The VNF Heat **MUST** have all included files in a single, flat
directory per VNF. ONAP does not support a directory hierarchy.

- Included files may be used by all Modules within a given VNF.
- get\_file directives may be used in both non-nested and nested
  templates

**ONAP Management Requirements**
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^


VNF On-boarding and package management
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~


R-77707 The xNF provider **MUST** include a Manifest File that
contains a list of all the components in the xNF package.

R-66070 The xNF Package **MUST** include xNF Identification Data to
uniquely identify the resource for a given xNF provider. The identification
data must include: an identifier for the xNF, the name of the xNF as was
given by the xNF provider, xNF description, xNF provider, and version.

R-69565 The xNF Package **MUST** include documentation describing xNF
Management APIs, which must include information and tools for ONAP to
deploy and configure (initially and ongoing) the xNF application(s)
(e.g., NETCONF APIs) which includes a description of configurable
parameters for the xNF and whether the parameters can be configured
after xNF instantiation.

R-00156 The xNF Package **MUST** include documentation describing xNF
Management APIs, which must include information and tools for ONAP
to monitor the health of the xNF (conditions that require healing
and/or scaling responses).

R-00068 The xNF Package **MUST** include documentation which includes
a description of parameters that can be monitored for the xNF and
event records (status, fault, flow, session, call, control plane,
etc.) generated by the xNF after instantiation.

R-12678 The xNF Package **MUST** include documentation which includes a
description of runtime lifecycle events and related actions (e.g.,
control responses, tests) which can be performed for the xNF.

R-84366 The xNF Package **MUST** include documentation describing
xNF Functional APIs that are utilized to build network and
application services. This document describes the externally exposed
functional inputs and outputs for the xNF, including interface
format and protocols supported.

R-36280 The xNF provider **MUST** provide documentation describing
xNF Functional Capabilities that are utilized to operationalize the
xNF and compose complex services.

R-98617 The xNF provider **MUST** provide information regarding any
dependency (e.g., affinity, anti-affinity) with other xNFs and resources.

R-89571 The xNF **MUST** support and provide artifacts for configuration
management using at least one of the following technologies;
a) Netconf/YANG, b) Chef, or c) Ansible.

R-30278 The xNF provider **MUST** provide a Resource/Device YANG model
as a foundation for creating the YANG model for configuration. This will
include xNF attributes/parameters and valid values/attributes configurable
by policy.

R-13390 The xNF provider **MUST** provide cookbooks to be loaded
on the appropriate Chef Server.

R-18525 The xNF provider **MUST** provide a JSON file for each
supported action for the xNF.  The JSON file must contain key value
pairs with all relevant values populated with sample data that illustrates
its usage. The fields and their description are defined in Tables A1 and A2 in the Appendix.

R-75608 The xNF provider **MUST** provide playbooks to be loaded
on the appropriate Ansible Server.

R-16777 The xNF provider **MUST** provide a JSON file for each
supported action for the xNF.  The JSON file must contain key value
pairs with all relevant values populated with sample data that illustrates
its usage. The fields and their description are defined in Table B1 in the Appendix.

R-46567 The xNF Package **MUST** include configuration scripts
for boot sequence and configuration.

R-16065 The xNF provider **MUST** provide configurable parameters
(if unable to conform to YANG model) including xNF attributes/parameters
and valid values, dynamic attributes and cross parameter dependencies
(e.g., customer provisioning data).

R-22888 The xNF provider **MUST** provide documentation for the xNF
Policy Description to manage the xNF runtime lifecycle. The document
must include a description of how the policies (conditions and actions)
are implemented in the xNF.

R-01556 The xNF Package **MUST** include documentation describing the
fault, performance, capacity events/alarms and other event records
that are made available by the xNF.

R-16875 The xNF Package **MUST** include documentation which must include
a unique identification string for the specific xNF, a description of
the problem that caused the error, and steps or procedures to perform
Root Cause Analysis and resolve the issue.

R-35960 The xNF Package **MUST** include documentation which must include
all events, severity level (e.g., informational, warning, error) and
descriptions including causes/fixes if applicable for the event.

R-42018 The xNF Package **MUST** include documentation which must include
all events (fault, measurement for xNF Scaling, Syslogs, State Change
and Mobile Flow), that need to be collected at each VM, VNFC (defined in `VNF Guidelines <http://onap.readthedocs.io/en/latest/submodules/vnfrqts/guidelines.git/docs/vnf_guidelines/vnf_guidelines.html#a-glossary>`__ ) and for the overall xNF.

R-27711 The xNF provider **MUST** provide an XML file that contains a
list of xNF error codes, descriptions of the error, and possible
causes/corrective action.

R-01478 The xNF Package **MUST** include documentation describing all
parameters that are available to monitor the xNF after instantiation
(includes all counters, OIDs, PM data, KPIs, etc.) that must be
collected for reporting purposes.

R-73560 The xNF Package **MUST** include documentation about monitoring
parameters/counters exposed for virtual resource management and xNF
application management.

R-90632 The xNF Package **MUST** include documentation about KPIs and
metrics that need to be collected at each VM for capacity planning
and performance management purposes.

R-86235 The xNF Package **MUST** include documentation about the monitoring
parameters that must include latencies, success rates, retry rates, load
and quality (e.g., DPM) for the key transactions/functions supported by
the xNF and those that must be exercised by the xNF in order to perform
its function.

R-33904 The xNF Package **MUST** include documentation for each KPI, provide
lower and upper limits.

R-53598 The xNF Package **MUST** include documentation to, when relevant,
provide a threshold crossing alert point for each KPI and describe the
significance of the threshold crossing.

R-69877 The xNF Package **MUST** include documentation for each KPI,
identify the suggested actions that need to be performed when a
threshold crossing alert event is recorded.

R-22680 The xNF Package **MUST** include documentation that describes
any requirements for the monitoring component of tools for Network
Cloud automation and management to provide these records to components
of the xNF.

R-33694 The xNF Package **MUST** include documentation to when applicable,
provide calculators needed to convert raw data into appropriate reporting
artifacts.

R-56815 The xNF Package **MUST** include documentation describing
supported xNF scaling capabilities and capacity limits (e.g., number
of users, bandwidth, throughput, concurrent calls).

R-48596 The xNF Package **MUST** include documentation describing
the characteristics for the xNF reliability and high availability.

R-74763 The xNF provider **MUST** provide an artifact per xNF that contains
all of the xNF Event Records supported. The artifact should include reference
to the specific release of the xNF Event Stream Common Event Data Model
document it is based on. (e.g., `VES Event Listener <https://github.com/att/evel-test-collector/tree/master/docs/att_interface_definition>`__)

R-35851 The xNF Package **MUST** include xNF topology that describes
basic network and application connectivity internal and external to the
xNF including Link type, KPIs, Bandwidth, latency, jitter, QoS (if
applicable) for each interface.

R-97102 The VNF Package **MUST** include VM requirements via a Heat
template that provides the necessary data for VM specifications
for all VNF components - for hypervisor, CPU, memory, storage.

R-20204 The VNF Package **MUST** include VM requirements via a Heat
template that provides the necessary data for network connections,
interface connections, internal and external to VNF.

R-44896 The VNF Package **MUST** include VM requirements via a Heat
template that provides the necessary data for high availability
redundancy model.

R-55802 The VNF Package **MUST** include VM requirements via a Heat
template that provides the necessary data for scaling/growth VM
specifications.

R-26881 The xNF provider **MUST** provide the binaries and images
needed to instantiate the xNF (xNF and VNFC images).

R-96634 The xNF provider **MUST** describe scaling capabilities
to manage scaling characteristics of the xNF.

R-43958 The xNF Package **MUST** include documentation describing
the tests that were conducted by the xNF providor and the test results.

R-04298 The xNF provider **MUST** provide their testing scripts to
support testing.

R-58775 The xNF provider **MUST** provide software components that
can be packaged with/near the xNF, if needed, to simulate any functions
or systems that connect to the xNF system under test. This component is
necessary only if the existing testing environment does not have the
necessary simulators.

R-85653 The xNF **MUST** provide metrics (e.g., number of sessions,
number of subscribers, number of seats, etc.) to ONAP for tracking
every license.

R-44125 The xNF provider **MUST** agree to the process that can
be met by Service Provider reporting infrastructure. The Contract
shall define the reporting process and the available reporting tools.

R-40827 The xNF provider **MUST** enumerate all of the open
source licenses their xNF(s) incorporate.

R-97293 The xNF provider **MUST NOT** require audits of
Service Provider’s business.

R-44569 The xNF provider **MUST NOT** require additional
infrastructure such as a xNF provider license server for xNF provider
functions and metrics.

R-13613 The VNF **MUST** provide clear measurements for licensing
purposes to allow automated scale up/down by the management system.

R-27511 The VNF provider **MUST** provide the ability to scale
up a VNF provider supplied product during growth and scale down a
VNF provider supplied product during decline without “real-time”
restrictions based upon VNF provider permissions.

R-85991 The xNF provider **MUST** provide a universal license key
per xNF to be used as needed by services (i.e., not tied to a VM
instance) as the recommended solution. The xNF provider may provide
pools of Unique xNF License Keys, where there is a unique key for
each xNF instance as an alternate solution. Licensing issues should
be resolved without interrupting in-service xNFs.

R-47849 The xNF provider **MUST** support the metadata about
licenses (and their applicable entitlements) as defined in this
document for xNF software, and any license keys required to authorize
use of the xNF software.  This metadata will be used to facilitate
onboarding the xNF into the ONAP environment and automating processes
for putting the licenses into use and managing the full lifecycle of
the licenses. The details of this license model are described in
Tables C1 to C8 in the Appendix. Note: License metadata support in 
  ONAP is not currently available and planned for 1Q 2018.

Configuration Management
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

R-20741 The xNF **MUST** support ONAP Controller’s **Configure** command.

R-19366 The xNF **MUST** support ONAP Controller’s **ConfigModify** command.

R-32981 The xNF **MUST** support ONAP Controller’s **ConfigBackup** command.

R-48247 The xNF **MUST** support ONAP Controller’s **ConfigRestore** command.

R-94084 The xNF **MUST** support ONAP Controller’s **ConfigScaleOut**
command.

R-56385 The xNF **MUST** support ONAP Controller’s **Audit** command.

R-12706 The xNF **MUST** support ONAP Controller’s **QuiesceTraffic**
command.

R-07251 The xNF **MUST** support ONAP Controller’s **ResumeTraffic**
command.

R-83146 The xNF **MUST** support ONAP Controller’s **StopApplication**
command.

R-82811 The xNF **MUST** support ONAP Controller’s **StartApplication**
command.

R-19922 The xNF **MUST** support ONAP Controller’s **UpgradePrecheck**
command.

R-49466 The xNF **MUST** support ONAP Controller’s **UpgradeSoftware**
command.

R-45856 The xNF **MUST** support ONAP Controller’s **UpgradePostCheck**
command.

R-97343 The xNF **MUST** support ONAP Controller’s **UpgradeBackup**
command.

R-65641 The xNF **MUST** support ONAP Controller’s **UpgradeBackOut**
command.

R-11790 The VNF **MUST** support ONAP Controller’s
**Restart (stop/start or reboot)** command.

R-56218 The VNF **MUST** support ONAP Controller’s Migrate command that
moves container (VM) from a live Physical Server / Compute Node to
another live Physical Server / Compute Node.
  
R-38001 The VNF MUST support ONAP Controller’s **Rebuild** command.

R-76901 VNF MUST support a container rebuild mechanism based on existing
image (e.g. Glance image in Openstack environment) or a snapshot.

R-41430 The xNF **MUST** support ONAP Controller’s **HealthCheck**
command.

R-88026 The xNF **MUST** include a NETCONF server enabling
runtime configuration and lifecycle management capabilities.

R-95950 The xNF **MUST** provide a NETCONF interface fully defined
by supplied YANG models for the embedded NETCONF server.

R-73468 The xNF **MUST** allow the NETCONF server connection
parameters to be configurable during virtual machine instantiation
through Heat templates where SSH keys, usernames, passwords, SSH
service and SSH port numbers are Heat template parameters.

R-90007 The xNF **MUST** implement the protocol operation:
**close-session()**- Gracefully close the current session.

R-70496 The xNF **MUST** implement the protocol operation:
**commit(confirmed, confirm-timeout)** - Commit candidate
configuration datastore to the running configuration.

R-18733 The xNF **MUST** implement the protocol operation:
**discard-changes()** - Revert the candidate configuration
datastore to the running configuration.

R-44281 The xNF **MUST** implement the protocol operation:
**edit-config(target, default-operation, test-option, error-option,
config)** - Edit the target configuration datastore by merging,
replacing, creating, or deleting new config elements.

R-60106 The xNF **MUST** implement the protocol operation:
**get(filter)** - Retrieve (a filtered subset of) the running
configuration and device state information. This should include
the list of xNF supported schemas.

R-29488 The xNF **MUST** implement the protocol operation:
**get-config(source, filter)** - Retrieve a (filtered subset of
a) configuration from the configuration datastore source.

R-11235 The xNF **MUST** implement the protocol operation:
**kill-session(session)** - Force the termination of **session**.

R-02597 The xNF **MUST** implement the protocol operation:
**lock(target)** - Lock the configuration datastore target.

R-96554 The xNF **MUST** implement the protocol operation:
**unlock(target)** - Unlock the configuration datastore target.

R-29324 The xNF **SHOULD** implement the protocol operation:
**copy-config(target, source) -** Copy the content of the
configuration datastore source to the configuration datastore target.

R-88031 The xNF **SHOULD** implement the protocol operation:
**delete-config(target) -** Delete the named configuration
datastore target.

R-97529 The xNF **SHOULD** implement the protocol operation:
**get-schema(identifier, version, format) -** Retrieve the YANG schema.

R-62468 The xNF **MUST** allow all configuration data to be
edited through a NETCONF <edit-config> operation. Proprietary
NETCONF RPCs that make configuration changes are not sufficient.

R-01382 The xNF **MUST** allow the entire configuration of the
xNF to be retrieved via NETCONF's <get-config> and <edit-config>,
independently of whether it was configured via NETCONF or other
mechanisms.

R-28756 The xNF **MUST** support **:partial-lock** and
**:partial-unlock** capabilities, defined in RFC 5717. This
allows multiple independent clients to each write to a different
part of the <running> configuration at the same time.

R-83873 The xNF **MUST** support **:rollback-on-error** value for
the <error-option> parameter to the <edit-config> operation. If any
error occurs during the requested edit operation, then the target
database (usually the running configuration) will be left unaffected.
This provides an 'all-or-nothing' edit mode for a single <edit-config>
request.

R-68990 The xNF **MUST** support the **:startup** capability. It
will allow the running configuration to be copied to this special
database. It can also be locked and unlocked.

R-68200 The xNF **MUST** support the **:url** value to specify
protocol operation source and target parameters. The capability URI
for this feature will indicate which schemes (e.g., file, https, sftp)
that the server supports within a particular URL value. The 'file'
scheme allows for editable local configuration databases. The other
schemes allow for remote storage of configuration databases.

R-20353 The xNF **MUST** implement both **:candidate** and
**:writable-running** capabilities. When both **:candidate** and
**:writable-running** are provided then two locks should be supported.

R-11499 The xNF **MUST** fully support the XPath 1.0 specification
for filtered retrieval of configuration and other database contents.
The 'type' attribute within the <filter> parameter for <get> and
<get-config> operations may be set to 'xpath'. The 'select' attribute
(which contains the XPath expression) will also be supported by the
server. A server may support partial XPath retrieval filtering, but
it cannot advertise the **:xpath** capability unless the entire XPath
1.0 specification is supported.

R-83790 The xNF **MUST** implement the **:validate** capability

R-49145 The xNF **MUST** implement **:confirmed-commit** If
**:candidate** is supported.

R-58358 The xNF **MUST** implement the **:with-defaults** capability
[RFC6243].

R-59610 The xNF **MUST** implement the data model discovery and
download as defined in [RFC6022].

R-87662 The xNF **SHOULD** implement the NETCONF Event Notifications
[RFC5277].

R-93443 The xNF **MUST** define all data models in YANG [RFC6020],
and the mapping to NETCONF shall follow the rules defined in this RFC.

R-26115 The xNF **MUST** follow the data model upgrade rules defined
in [RFC6020] section 10. All deviations from section 10 rules shall
be handled by a built-in automatic upgrade mechanism.

R-10716 The xNF **MUST** support parallel and simultaneous
configuration of separate objects within itself.

R-29495 The xNF **MUST** support locking if a common object is
being manipulated by two simultaneous NETCONF configuration operations
on the same xNF within the context of the same writable running data
store (e.g., if an interface parameter is being configured then it
should be locked out for configuration by a simultaneous configuration
operation on that same interface parameter).

R-53015 The xNF **MUST** apply locking based on the sequence of
NETCONF operations, with the first configuration operation locking
out all others until completed.

R-02616 The xNF **MUST** permit locking at the finest granularity
if a xNF needs to lock an object for configuration to avoid blocking
simultaneous configuration operations on unrelated objects (e.g., BGP
configuration should not be locked out if an interface is being
configured or entire Interface configuration should not be locked out
if a non-overlapping parameter on the interface is being configured).

R-41829 The xNF **MUST** be able to specify the granularity of the
lock via a restricted or full XPath expression.

R-66793 The xNF **MUST** guarantee the xNF configuration integrity
for all simultaneous configuration operations (e.g., if a change is
attempted to the BUM filter rate from multiple interfaces on the same
EVC, then they need to be sequenced in the xNF without locking either
configuration method out).

R-54190 The xNF **MUST** release locks to prevent permanent lock-outs
when/if a session applying the lock is terminated (e.g., SSH session
is terminated).

R-03465 The xNF **MUST** release locks to prevent permanent lock-outs
when the corresponding <partial-unlock> operation succeeds.

R-63935 The xNF **MUST** release locks to prevent permanent lock-outs
when a user configured timer has expired forcing the NETCONF SSH Session
termination (i.e., product must expose a configuration knob for a user
setting of a lock expiration timer)

R-10173 The xNF **MUST** allow another NETCONF session to be able to
initiate the release of the lock by killing the session owning the lock,
using the <kill-session> operation to guard against hung NETCONF sessions.

R-88899 The xNF **MUST** support simultaneous <commit> operations
within the context of this locking requirements framework.

R-07545 The xNF **MUST** support all operations, administration and
management (OAM) functions available from the supplier for xNFs using
the supplied YANG code and associated NETCONF servers.

R-60656 The xNF **MUST** support sub tree filtering.

R-80898 The xNF **MUST** support heartbeat via a <get> with null filter.

R-06617 The xNF **MUST** support get-schema (ietf-netconf-monitoring)
to pull YANG model over session.

R-25238 The xNF PACKAGE **MUST** validated YANG code using the open
source pyang [3]_ program using the following commands:

R-63953 The xNF **MUST** have the echo command return a zero value
otherwise the validation has failed

R-26508 The xNF **MUST** support a NETCONF server that can be mounted on
OpenDaylight (client) and perform the operations of: modify, update,
change, rollback configurations using each configuration data element,
query each state (non-configuration) data element, execute each YANG
RPC, and receive data through each notification statement.

R-28545 The xNF **MUST** conform its YANG model to RFC 6060,
“YANG - A Data Modeling Language for the Network Configuration
Protocol (NETCONF)”

R-29967 The xNF **MUST** conform its YANG model to RFC 6022,
“YANG module for NETCONF monitoring”.

R-22700 The xNF **MUST** conform its YANG model to RFC 6470,
“NETCONF Base Notifications”.

R-10353 The xNF **MUST** conform its YANG model to RFC 6244,
“An Architecture for Network Management Using NETCONF and YANG”.

R-53317 The xNF **MUST** conform its YANG model to RFC 6087,
“Guidelines for Authors and Reviewers of YANG Data Model Documents”.

R-33955 The xNF **SHOULD** conform its YANG model to RFC 6991,
“Common YANG Data Types”.

R-22946 The xNF **SHOULD** conform its YANG model to RFC 6536,
“NETCONF Access Control Model”.

R-10129 The xNF **SHOULD** conform its YANG model to RFC 7223,
“A YANG Data Model for Interface Management”.

R-12271 The xNF **SHOULD** conform its YANG model to RFC 7223,
“IANA Interface Type YANG Module”.

R-49036 The xNF **SHOULD** conform its YANG model to RFC 7277,
“A YANG Data Model for IP Management”.

R-87564 The xNF **SHOULD** conform its YANG model to RFC 7317,
“A YANG Data Model for System Management”.

R-24269 The xNF **SHOULD** conform its YANG model to RFC 7407,
“A YANG Data Model for SNMP Configuration”.

R-33946 The xNF **MUST** conform to the NETCONF RFC 4741,
“NETCONF Configuration Protocol”.

R-04158 The xNF **MUST** conform to the NETCONF RFC 4742,
“Using the NETCONF Configuration Protocol over Secure Shell (SSH)”.

R-13800 The xNF **MUST** conform to the NETCONF RFC 5277,
“NETCONF Event Notification”.

R-01334 The xNF **MUST** conform to the NETCONF RFC 5717,
“Partial Lock Remote Procedure Call”.

R-08134 The xNF **MUST** conform to the NETCONF RFC 6241,
“NETCONF Configuration Protocol”.

R-78282 The xNF **MUST** conform to the NETCONF RFC 6242,
“Using the Network Configuration Protocol over Secure Shell”.

R-31809 The xNF **MUST** support the HealthCheck RPC. The HealthCheck
RPC executes a xNF Provider-defined xNF HealthCheck over the scope of
the entire xNF (e.g., if there are multiple VNFCs, then run a health check,
as appropriate, for all VNFCs). It returns a 200 OK if the test completes.
A JSON object is returned indicating state (healthy, unhealthy), scope
identifier, time-stamp and one or more blocks containing info and fault
information. If the xNF is unable to run the HealthCheck, return a
standard http error code and message.

R-79224 The xNF **MUST** have the chef-client be preloaded with
validator keys and configuration to register with the designated
Chef Server as part of the installation process.

R-72184 The xNF **MUST** have routable FQDNs for all the endpoints
(VMs) of a xNF that contain chef-clients which are used to register
with the Chef Server.  As part of invoking xNF actions, ONAP will
trigger push jobs against FQDNs of endpoints for a xNF, if required.

R-47068 The xNF **MAY** expose a single endpoint that is
responsible for all functionality.

R-67114 The xNF **MUST** be installed with Chef-Client >= 12.0 and
Chef push jobs client >= 2.0.

R-27310 The xNF Package **MUST** include all relevant Chef artifacts
(roles/cookbooks/recipes) required to execute xNF actions requested by
ONAP for loading on appropriate Chef Server.

R-26567 The xNF Package **MUST** include a run list of
roles/cookbooks/recipes, for each supported xNF action, that will
perform the desired xNF action in its entirety as specified by ONAP
(see Section 7.c, ONAP Controller APIs and Behavior, for list of xNF
actions and requirements), when triggered by a chef-client run list
in JSON file.

R-98911 The xNF **MUST NOT** use any instance specific parameters
for the xNF in roles/cookbooks/recipes invoked for a xNF action.

R-37929 The xNF **MUST** accept all necessary instance specific
data from the environment or node object attributes for the xNF
in roles/cookbooks/recipes invoked for a xNF action.

R-62170 The xNF **MUST** over-ride any default values for
configurable parameters that can be set by ONAP in the roles,
cookbooks and recipes.

R-78116 The xNF **MUST** update status on the Chef Server
appropriately (e.g., via a fail or raise an exception) if the
chef-client run encounters any critical errors/failures when
executing a xNF action.

R-44013 The xNF **MUST** populate an attribute, defined as node
[‘PushJobOutput’] with the desired output on all nodes in the push job
that execute chef-client run if the xNF action requires the output of a
chef-client run be made available (e.g., get running configuration).

R-30654 The xNF Package **MUST** have appropriate cookbooks that are
designed to automatically ‘rollback’ to the original state in case of
any errors for actions that change state of the xNF (e.g., configure).

R-65755 The xNF **SHOULD** support callback URLs to return information
to ONAP upon completion of the chef-client run for any chef-client run
associated with a xNF action.

R-15885 The xNF **MUST** Upon completion of the chef-client run,
POST back on the callback URL, a JSON object as described in Table
A2 if the chef-client run list includes a cookbook/recipe that is
callback capable. Failure to POST on the Callback Url should not be
considered a critical error. That is, if the chef-client successfully
completes the xNF action, it should reflect this status on the Chef
Server regardless of whether the Callback succeeded or not.

R-32217 The xNF **MUST** have routable FQDNs that are reachable via
the Ansible Server for the endpoints (VMs) of a xNF on which playbooks
will be executed. ONAP will initiate requests to the Ansible Server
for invocation of playbooks against these end points [4]_.

R-54373 The xNF **MUST** have Python >= 2.6 on the endpoint VM(s)
of a xNF on which an Ansible playbook will be executed.

R-35401 The xNF **MUST** support SSH and allow SSH access by the
Ansible server for the endpoint VM(s) and comply with the Network
Cloud Service Provider guidelines for authentication and access.

R-82018 The xNF **MUST** load the Ansible Server SSH public key onto xNF
VM(s) as part of instantiation. This will allow the Ansible Server
to authenticate to perform post-instantiation configuration without
manual intervention and without requiring specific xNF login IDs
and passwords.

R-92866 The xNF **MUST** include as part of post-instantiation configuration
done by Ansible Playbooks the removal/update of the SSH public key from
/root/.ssh/authorized_keys, and  update of SSH keys loaded through
instantiation to support Ansible. This may include download and install of
new SSH keys and new mechanized IDs.

R-91745 The xNF **MUST** update the Ansible Server and other entities
storing and using the SSH keys for authentication when the SSH keys used
by Ansible are regenerated/updated.

R-40293 The xNF **MUST** make available playbooks that conform
to the ONAP requirement.

R-49396 The xNF **MUST** support each ONAP (APPC) xNF action by invocation
of **one** playbook [7]_. The playbook will be responsible
for executing all necessary tasks (as well as calling other playbooks)
to complete the request.

R-33280 The xNF **MUST NOT** use any instance specific parameters
in a playbook.

R-48698 The xNF **MUST** utilize information from key value pairs
that will be provided by the Ansible Server as "extra-vars" during
invocation to execute the desired xNF action. If the playbook requires
files, they must also be supplied using the methodology detailed in
the Ansible Server API, unless they are bundled with playbooks, example,
generic templates.

R-43253 The xNF **MUST** use playbooks designed to allow Ansible
Server to infer failure or success based on the “PLAY_RECAP” capability.
NOTE: There are cases where playbooks need to interpret results of a task
and then determine success or failure and return result accordingly
(failure for failed tasks).

R-50252 The xNF **MUST** write to a specific one text files that
will be retrieved and made available by the Ansible Server if, as part
of a xNF action (e.g., audit), a playbook is required to return any
xNF information. The text files must be written in the same directory as
the one from which the playbook is being executed. A text file must be
created for the xNF playbook run targets/affects, with the name
‘<VNFname>_results.txt’ into which any desired output from each
respective VM/xNF must be written.

R-51442 The xNF **SHOULD** use playbooks that are designed to
automatically ‘rollback’ to the original state in case of any errors
for actions that change state of the xNF (e.g., configure).

R-58301 The xNF **SHOULD NOT** use playbooks that make requests to
Cloud resources e.g. Openstack (nova, neutron, glance, heat, etc.);
therefore, there is no use for Cloud specific variables like Openstack
UUIDs in Ansible Playbooks.

R-02651 The xNF **SHOULD** use the Ansible backup feature to save a
copy of configuration files before implementing changes to support
operations such as backing out of software upgrades, configuration
changes or other work as this will help backing out of configuration
changes when needed.

R-43353 The xNF **MUST** return control from Ansible Playbooks only
after tasks are fully complete, signaling that the playbook completed
all tasks. When starting services, return control only after all services
are up. This is critical for workflows where the next steps are dependent

R-51910 The xNF **MUST** provide all telemetry (e.g., fault event
records, syslog records, performance records etc.) to ONAP using the
model, format and mechanisms described in this section.

R-19624 The xNF **MUST** encode and serialize content delivered to
ONAP using JSON (RFC 7159) plain text format. High-volume data is to
be encoded and serialized using `Avro <http://avro.apache.org/>`_,
where the Avro [6]_ data format are described using JSON.

Note:

- JSON plain text format is preferred for moderate volume data sets
  (option 1), as JSON has the advantage of having well-understood simple
  processing and being human-readable without additional decoding. Examples
  of moderate volume data sets include the fault alarms and performance
  alerts, heartbeat messages, measurements used for xNF scaling and syslogs.
- Binary format using Avro is preferred for high volume data sets
  (option 2) such as mobility flow measurements and other high-volume
  streaming events (such as mobility signaling events or SIP signaling)
  or bulk data, as this will significantly reduce the volume of data
  to be transmitted. As of the date of this document, all events are
  reported using plain text JSON and REST.
- Avro content is self-documented, using a JSON schema. The JSON schema is
  delivered along with the data content
  (http://avro.apache.org/docs/current/ ). This means the presence and
  position of data fields can be recognized automatically, as well as the
  data format, definition and other attributes. Avro content can be
  serialized as JSON tagged text or as binary. In binary format, the
  JSON schema is included as a separate data block, so the content is
  not tagged, further compressing the volume. For streaming data, Avro
  will read the schema when the stream is established and apply the
  schema to the received content.

R-98191 The xNF **MUST** vary the frequency that asynchronous data is
delivered based on the content and how data may be aggregated or grouped
together.

Note:

- For example, alarms and alerts are expected to be delivered as soon
  as they appear. In contrast, other content, such as performance
  measurements, KPIs or reported network signaling may have various ways
  of packaging and delivering content. Some content should be streamed
  immediately; or content may be monitored over a time interval, then packaged
  as collection of records and delivered as block; or data may be collected
  until a package of a certain size has been collected; or content may be
  summarized statistically over a time interval, or computed as a KPI, with
  the summary or KPI being delivered.
- We expect the reporting frequency to be configurable depending
  on the virtual network function’s needs for management. For example,
  Service Provider may choose to vary the frequency of collection between
  normal and trouble-shooting scenarios.
- Decisions about the frequency of data reporting will affect the
  size of delivered data sets, recommended delivery method, and how the
  data will be interpreted by ONAP. These considerations should not
  affect deserialization and decoding of the data, which will be guided
  by the accompanying JSON schema or GPB definition files.

R-88482 The xNF **SHOULD** use REST using HTTPS delivery of plain
text JSON for moderate sized asynchronous data sets, and for high
volume data sets when feasible.

R-84879 The xNF **MUST** have the capability of maintaining a primary
and backup DNS name (URL) for connecting to ONAP collectors, with the
ability to switch between addresses based on conditions defined by policy
such as time-outs, and buffering to store messages until they can be
delivered. At its discretion, the service provider may choose to populate
only one collector address for a xNF. In this case, the network will
promptly resolve connectivity problems caused by a collector or network
failure transparently to the xNF.

R-81777 The xNF **MUST** be configured with initial address(es) to use
at deployment time. Subsequently, address(es) may be changed through
ONAP-defined policies delivered from ONAP to the xNF using PUTs to a
RESTful API, in the same manner that other controls over data reporting
will be controlled by policy.

R-08312 The xNF **MAY** use another option which is expected to include REST
delivery of binary encoded data sets.

R-79412 The xNF **MAY** use another option which is expected to include TCP
for high volume streaming asynchronous data sets and for other high volume
data sets. TCP delivery can be used for either JSON or binary encoded data
sets.

R-01033 The xNF **MAY** use another option which is expected to include SFTP
for asynchronous bulk files, such as bulk files that contain large volumes of
data collected over a long time interval or data collected across many xNFs.
(Preferred is to reorganize the data into more frequent or more focused data
sets, and deliver these by REST or TCP as appropriate.)

R-63229 The xNF **MAY** use another option which is expected to include REST
for synchronous data, using RESTCONF (e.g., for xNF state polling).

R-03070 The xNF **MUST**, by ONAP Policy, provide the ONAP addresses
as data destinations for each xNF, and may be changed by Policy while
the xNF is in operation. We expect the xNF to be capable of redirecting
traffic to changed destinations with no loss of data, for example from
one REST URL to another, or from one TCP host and port to another.

R-06924 The xNF **MUST** deliver asynchronous data as data becomes
available, or according to the configured frequency.

R-73285 The xNF **MUST** must encode, address and deliver the data
as described in the previous paragraphs.

R-42140 The xNF **MUST** respond to data requests from ONAP as soon
as those requests are received, as a synchronous response.

R-34660 The xNF **MUST** use the RESTCONF/NETCONF framework used by
the ONAP configuration subsystem for synchronous communication.

R-86586 The xNF **MUST** use the YANG configuration models and RESTCONF
[RFC8040] (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8040).

R-11240 The xNF **MUST** respond with content encoded in JSON, as
described in the RESTCONF specification. This way the encoding of a
synchronous communication will be consistent with Avro.

R-70266 The xNF **MUST** respond to an ONAP request to deliver the
current data for any of the record types defined in
Event Records - Data Structure Description by returning the requested
record, populated with the current field values. (Currently the defined
record types include fault fields, mobile flow fields, measurements for
xNF scaling fields, and syslog fields. Other record types will be added
in the future as they become standardized and are made available.)

R-46290 The xNF **MUST** respond to an ONAP request to deliver granular
data on device or subsystem status or performance, referencing the YANG
configuration model for the xNF by returning the requested data elements.

R-43327 The xNF **SHOULD** use `Modeling JSON text with YANG
<https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7951>`_, If YANG models need to be
translated to and from JSON[RFC7951]. YANG configuration and content can
be represented via JSON, consistent with Avro, as described in “Encoding
and Serialization” section.

R-42366 The xNF **MUST** support secure connections and transports such as
Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol
[`RFC5246 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5246>`_] and should adhere to
the best current practices outlined in
`RFC7525 <https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7525>`_.

R-44290 The xNF **MUST** control access to ONAP and to xNFs, and creation
of connections, through secure credentials, log-on and exchange mechanisms.

R-47597 The xNF **MUST** carry data in motion only over secure connections.

R-68165 The xNF **MUST** encrypt any content containing Sensitive Personal
Information (SPI) or certain proprietary data, in addition to applying the
regular procedures for securing access and delivery.


Ansible Playbook Examples
-----------------------------------------------

The following sections contain examples of Ansible playbooks
which follow the guidelines.

Guidelines for Playbooks to properly integrate with APPC
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

NOTE: To support concurrent requests to multiple VNF instances of same
or different type, VNF hosts and other files with VNF specific default
values are kept or created in separate directories.

Example of an Ansible command (after pwd) to run playbook again
vfdb9904v VNF instance:

.. code-block:: none

 $ pwd
 /storage/vfdb/V16.1/ansible/configure
 $ ansible-playbook -i ../inventory/vfdb9904vhosts site.yml --extra-vars "vnf_instance=vfdb9904v"

 NOTE: To preserve Ansible inventory/group_vars capability, that makes
 group_vars contents global variables available to all playbooks, when they
 reside in the inventory directory, guidelines are being updated to name the
 VNF inventory hosts file as (a flat file) <VNFName>hosts, stored in the
 inventory directory, not a subdirectory under inventory. In the above
 example: vfdb9904vhosts (removed / VNF name and hosts vfdb9904/vhosts)

Example of corresponding APPC API Call from ONAP – Ansible Server
Specifications:

An example of a curl request simulating a Rest API POST requesting execution
of configure Playbook (using playbook relative path):

.. code-block:: none

 curl -u APIUser:APIPassword -H "Content-type:application/json" -X POST
 -d '{"Id": "8412", "PlaybookName": "vfdb/V5.x.x/ansible/configure/site.yml",
 "Timeout":"600", "EnvParameters": { "vnf_instance": "vfdb9904v" }}'
 http://ansible.server.com:5000/Dispatch

Rest API GET request to obtain response/results for prior request
(same Id as POST request above):

.. code-block:: none

 curl -u APIUser:APIPassword -H 'Content-type: application/json' -X GET
 'http://ansible.server.com:5000/Dispatch/?Id=8412&Type=GetResult'

Comments:

-  An ID number is assigned to each request. This ID number is used to
   track request down to completion and provide status to APPC when
   requested.

-  Playbook Name relative path provided in the request as PlaybookName

-  Ansible Server Rest API is aware of playbook’s root directory which may
   vary from instance to instance or Ansible Server cluster to cluster.

Ansible Playbooks will use the VNF instance name (passed using
--extra-vars "vnf\_instance=vfdb9904v") to identify other default values
to run the playbook(s) against the target VNF instance. Same example as
above:

.. code-block:: none

 $ ansible-playbook -i ../inventory/vfdb9904vhosts site.yml --extra-vars "vnf_instance=vfdb9904v"

Each Ansible Server or cluster is assigned its own identification to be used
to authenticate to VNF VMs using Ansible Server or cluster specific set of
SSH keys that may be rotated regularly. Here hosts file, no longer referencing
file with SSH key credentials, to run ansible-playbook listed in this example
above (IP addresses were scrubbed):

.. code-block:: none

 $ more ../inventory/vfdb9904v/hosts
 [host]
 localhost ansible_connection=local

 [oam]
 1xx.2yy.zzz.109
 1xx.2yy.zzz.110

 [rdb]
 1xx.2yy.zzz.105
 1xx.2yy.zzz.106

NOTE: APPC requests to run Playbooks/Cookbooks are specific to a VNF,
but could be more limited to one VM or one type of VM by the request
parameters. Actions that may impact a site (LCP), a service, or an
entire platform must be orchestrated by MSO in order to execute requests
via APPC which then invoke VNF level playbooks. Playbooks that impact
more than a single VNF are not the current focus of these guidelines.

Since last release of these guidelines, based on recent learnings,
moving VNF Type global variables under inventory/group_vars files, this
way variables and respective values are available to all playbooks without
being explicitly referenced though an include statement. Also creating
templates that are VNF Type specific, but moving away from static files
that are VNF instance specific, working to obtain VNF instance specific
from other sources, inventory database, etc.

And here the scrubbed default arguments for this VNF instance(originated
from previously re-factored playbooks now being phased out):

.. code-block:: none

 vnf_instance=vfdb9904v

 $ more ../vars/vfdb9904v/default_args.yml
 vm_config_oam_vnfc_name: vfdb9904vm001oam001
 vm_config_oam_hostname: vfdb9904vm001
 vm_config_oam_provider_ip_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.109


IMPORTANT: The APPC and default file attribute name for
vm\_config\_oam\_vnfc\_name, as an example, is derived from vm\_config
array structure (list) in the CSAR package ENV file, with dots replaced
by underscore:

.. code-block:: none

 vm_config:

 oam: {vnfc_name: {{ vm_config_oam_vnfc_name }}, hostname: {{
 vm_config_oam_hostname }}, provider_ip_address: {{
 vm_config_oam_provider_ip_address }
 },


Parameters like VNF names, VNFC names, OA&M IP addresses, after
February, 2018 ONAP release, will be extracted from A&AI by APPC and
then passed down to Ansible Server, as part of APPC request through REST
API. In the meantime, VNF instance specific required values, will
be stored on VNF instance directory, default arguments file and will be
used as defaults. For parameterized playbooks attribute-value pairs
passed down by APPC to Ansible Server always take precedence over
template or VNF instance specific defaults stored in defaults file(s).

.. code-block:: none

 $ pwd
 /storage/vfdb/latest/ansible
 Again, originated from previously re-factored playbooks now being phased out:

 $ more vars/vfdb9904v/default_args.yml

 vm_config_oam1_vnfc_name: vfdb9904vm001oam001
 vm_config_oam1_hostname: vfdb9904vm001
 vm_config_oam1_provider_ip_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.109

 vm_config_oam2_vnfc_name: vfdb9904vm002oam001
 vm_config_oam2_hostname: vfdb9904vm002
 vm_config_oam2_provider_ip_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.110

 vm_config_rdb1_vnfc_name: vfdb9904vm003rdb001
 vm_config_rdb1_hostname: vfdb9904vm003
 vm_config_rdb1_provider_ip_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.105

 vm_config_rdb2_vnfc_name: vfdb9904vm004rdb001
 vm_config_rdb2_hostname: vfdb9904vm004
 vm_config_rdb2_provider_ip_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.106

 vm_config_rdb3_vnfc_name: vfdb9904vm005rdb001
 vm_config_rdb3_hostname: vfdb9904vm005
 vm_config_rdb3_provider_ip_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.xxx

 vm_config_rdb4_vnfc_name: vfdb9904vm006rdb001
 vm_config_rdb4_hostname: vfdb9904vm006
 vm_config_rdb4_provider_ip_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.yyy

One of the first tasks on the Ansible Playbooks is to combine the VNF
type generic template, derived from ENV files in CSAR or other files,
with these default values stored on the Ansible Server, together with
the overriding parameters passed down from APPC, to create the VNF
instance specific set of attribute-value pairs to be used for the run, in
INI format. Here is an excerpt from such a file that should look
somewhat similar to ENV files:

.. code-block:: none

 $ more tmp/vfdb9904v/all.yml

 deployment_prefix: vfdb9904v

 timezone: Etc/UTC

 template_version: '2014-10-16'
 stack_name: vfdb9904v
 c3dbtype: OAM
 stackName: vfdb9904v
 juno_base: true


# logins list contain 'login name', 'login group', 'login password'

.. code-block:: none

 logins:
 - { name: 'm99999', group: 'm99999', password: 'abcdefgha' }
 - { name: 'gsuser', group: 'gsuser', password: ' abcdefgha' }
 - { name: 'peruser', group: 'peruser', password: ' abcdefgha' }
 - { name: 'dbuser', group: 'dbuser', password: ' abcdefgha' }

NOTE: Arguments passed by APPC to Ansible Server to run a playbook take
precedence over any defaults stored in Ansible Server.

Ansible Playbooks – Notes On Artifacts Required to Run Playbooks
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Inventory hosts file: should be VNF instance specific.

Default variables: should be VNF instance specific.

NOTE: Some playbooks may rely on inventory directory contents to target
the collection of VNFs in the Services Platform supported through
Ansible.

Playbooks and paths to referenced files: Playbooks shall not use
absolute paths in include or import entries (variables or playbooks) or
other types of references.

For this to work properly, when running playbooks, the directory where
the main playbook resides shall be the current directory.

Playbook imports, when used, shall use paths relative to the main
playbook directory.

Root directory named ansible - Any files provided with playbooks,
included, imported, or referenced by playbooks, shall reside under the ansible
playbooks (root) directory, containing all playbook subdirectories, or
below that ansible root directory, in other subdirectories to support
on-boarding and portability of VNF collection of playbooks and related
artifacts.

Designing for a shared environment, concurrently running playbooks,
targeting multiple VNF instances – inventory hosts file:

To avoid inventory hosts file overwrites or collisions between multiple
concurrently running VNF instance requests, chosen approach is for each
VNF instance hosts file, to be stored under the Ansible Server Playbooks
root directory, under the inventory subdirectory, and under a directory
for each VNF instance, named after the VNF instance, as follows:

ansible/inventory/<VNF\_instance\_name>/hosts

Example of inventory hosts file path, relative to ansible playbooks root
directory (playbooks\_dir): ansible/inventory/vnfx0001v/hosts

**Designing for a shared environment, concurrently running multiple playbooks,
targeting multiple VNF instances – default argument variables for
specific VNF instances:**

Files containing attribute name value pairs (variable name and default
values), referenced/included by playbooks – Files containing VNF
instance specific default values – in a later APPC release, some or all
the default attribute value pairs contained in the defaults file, may be
passed down by APPC, to the Ansible Server, overriding these defaults:

VNF instance specific files
referenced/included by playbooks, containing default values, example,
default\_args.yml, shall be stored under a directory with VNF instance
name on the path.

Example:

ansible/vars/<VNF\_instance\_name>/default\_args.yml

Example of include statement:

- include_vars: ../vars/{{ vnf_instance }}/default_args.yml

Again, this was originated from previously re-factored playbooks, now being
phased out, to move away from having to create VNF instance specific files
with VNF instance default variables. Moving to extract these values from
inventory databases and provide them to Ansible Server as part of the APPC
request, but may be used in a transition from having everything stored in the
Ansible Server to APPC extracting and providing VNF instance specific
attribute-value pairs to the Ansible Server as part of the request.

Files containing attribute name value pairs (variable name and default
values), referenced/included by playbooks – created dynamically by
playbooks:

To avoid
overwrites or collisions of multiple concurrently running VNF instance
requests, files created dynamically by playbooks, based on VNF generic
templates, combined with default values and arguments passed down by
APPC (as part of the request), shall be stored under a directory with
VNF instance name on the path.

Example:

tmp/<VNF\_instance\_name>/all.yml

Files containing site specific (Openstack location non-instance
specific) attribute name value pairs, like NTP server and DNS server’s
IP addresses and other parameters, referenced/included by playbooks, not
VNF specific – Could/should be stored under inventory/group_vars directory,
in a subdirectory named after the string used to identify the site (nyc1,
lax2,…).

Examples:

ansible/inventory/group_vars/<Site>

ansible/inventory/group_vars/nyc1

ansible/inventory/group_vars/lax2


\ **Ansible Server Design - Directory Structure**

To help understanding the contents of this section, here are few basic
definitions:

**VNF type a.k.a VNF Function Code** - Based on current Services
Platform naming convention, each Virtual Network Function is assigned a
4 character string (example vfdb), these are 4 characters in
the VNF instance name, followed by (4) numbers, ending in a "v", but the
naming convention is evolving. VNF instance name in
some cases corresponds to the stack name for the VNF when VNF instance
is built based on a single module, single stack. Example of VNF instance
name: vfdb9904v. All VNF performing this function, running the same
software, coming from the same VNF provider will have the same 4
characters in the VNF instance name, in this example, vfdb.

NOTE: New naming convention includes a prefix indicating geographical
location where VNF is instantiated.

VNF type, determined through these 4 characters, is also known as VNF
Function Code and is assigned by inventory team. All Services Platform
VNF Function Codes can be found in inventory database and/or A&AI as
well as Services Platform Network Design Documents.

Version – As in VNF software version is the release of the software
running on the VNF for which the playbooks were developed. VNF
configuration steps may change from release to release and this
<Version> in the path will allow the Ansible Server to host playbooks
associated with each software release. And run the playbooks that match
the software release running on each VNF instance. APPC initially will
not support playbook versioning only latest playbook is supported or a hard
coded version that later should become a variable to allow multiple
actively in use playbook versions according to VNF release.

Playbook Function - Is a name associated with a life cycle management
task(s) performed by the playbook(s) stored in this directory. It should
clearly identify the type of action(s) performed by the main playbook
and possibly other playbooks stored in this same directory. Ideally,
playbook function would match APPC corresponding command or function that
is performed by the main playbook in this directory. Following Ansible naming
standards main playbook is usually named site.yml. There can be other
playbooks on the same directory that use a subset of the roles used by the
main playbook site.yml. Examples of Playbook Function directory names:

-  configure – Contains post-instantiation (bulk) configuration
   playbooks, roles,…

-  healthcheck – Contains VNF health check playbook(s), roles,…

-  stop – Contains VNF application stop  (stopApplication) playbook(s),
   roles,…

-  start – Contains VNF application start (startApplication) playbook(s),
   roles,…

Directory structure to allow hosting multiple version sets of playbooks,
for the same VNF type, to be hosted in the runtime environment on the
Ansible Servers. Generic directory structure:

Ansible Playbooks – Function directory and main playbook:

.. code-block:: none

 <VNF type>/<Version>/ansible/<Playbook Function>/site.yml

Example – Post-instantiation (bulk) configuration –APPC Function -
Configure:

.. code-block:: none

 <VNF type>/<Version>/ansible/configure/site.yml

Example – Post-instantiation (bulk) configuration –APPC Function
– Configure – VNF software version 16.1:

.. code-block:: none

 vfdb/V16.1/ansible/configure/site.yml

Example – Health-check –APPC Function - HealthCheck:

.. code-block:: none

 <VNF type>/<Version>/ansible/healthcheck/site.yml

OR (Function directory name does not need to match APPC function name)

.. code-block:: none

 <VNF type>/<Version>/ansible/check/site.yml

Ansible Directories for other artifacts – VNF inventory hosts file -
Required:

.. code-block:: none

 <VNF type>/<Version>/ansible/inventory/<VNF instance name>hosts

Ansible Directories for other artifacts – VNF instance specific default
arguments – Optional:

.. code-block:: none

 <VNF type>/<Version>/ansible/group_vars/<VNF instance name>

NOTE: This requirement is expected to be deprecated all or in part in the
future, for automated actions, once APPC can pass down all VNF specific
arguments for each action. Requirement remains while manual actions are
to be supported. Other automated inventory management mechanisms may be
considered in the future, Ansible supports many automated inventory
management mechanisms/tools/solutions.

Ansible Directories for other artifacts – VNF (special) groups –
Optional:

.. code-block:: none

 <VNF type>/<Version>/ansible/inventory/group_vars/<VNF instance name>

NOTE: Default groups will be created based on VNFC type, 3 characters,
on VNFC name. Example: “oam”, “rdb”, “dbs”, “man”, “iox”, “app”,…

Ansible Directories for other artifacts – VNF (special) other files –
Optional – Example – License file:

.. code-block:: none

 <VNF type>/<Version>/ansible/<Other directory(s)>

CAUTION: On referenced files used/required by playbooks.

-  To avoid missing files, during on-boarding or uploading of Ansible
   Playbooks and related artifacts, all permanent files (not generated
   by playbooks as part of execution), required to run any playbook,
   shall reside under the ansible root directory or below on other
   subdirectories.

-  Any references to files, on includes or other playbook entries, shall
   use relative paths.

-  This is the ansible (root) directory referenced on this
   note (Ansible Server mount point not included):

.. code-block:: none

     <VNF type>/<Version>/ansible/

There will be a soft link to the latest set of Ansible Playbooks for
each VNF type.

VNF type directories use A&AI inventory VNF function code. Ansible
Playbooks will be stored on a Cinder Volume mounted on the Ansible
Servers as /storage. Example:

/storage/vfdb/latest/ansible – This soft link point to the latest set of
playbooks (or the only set)

/storage/vfdb/V16.1/ansible – Root directory for database VNF Ansible
Playbooks for release 16.1

CAUTION: To support this directory structure as the repository to store
Ansible Playbooks run by APPC, APPC API in the Ansible Server side needs
to be configured to run playbooks from directory, not MySQL database.

Ansible Server HTTP will be configured to support APPC REST API requests
to run playbooks as needed, against specific VNF instances, or specific
VM(s) as specified in the request.

ONAP APPC REST API to Ansible Server is documented separately and can be
found under ONAP (onap.org).

**Ansible Server – On-boarding Ansible Playbooks**

Once playbooks are developed following the guidelines listed in prior
section(s), playbooks need to be on-boarded onto Ansible Server(s). In
the future, they’ll be on-boarded and distributed through ONAP, at least
that is the proposed plan, but for now they need to be uploaded
manually. There is work in progress to use a Git as the playbook
repository to store and track playbooks by version, version control.

These are the basic steps to on-board playbooks manually onto the
Ansible Server.

1. Upload CSAR, zip, or tar file containing VNF playbooks and related
   artifacts.

2. Create full directory (using –p option below) to store Ansible
   Playbooks and other artifacts under /storage (or other configured)
   file system.

   a. Includes VNF type using VNF function code 4 characters under
      /storage.

   b. Includes VNF “Version” directory as part of the path to store
      playbooks for this VNF version.

   c. Include generic ansible root directory. Creating full directory
      path as an example:

.. code-block:: none

     $ mkdir –p /storage/vfdb/V16.1/ansible**/**

3. Make this directory (VNF ansible root directory) current directory
   for next few steps:

.. code-block:: none

     cd /storage/vfdb/V16.1/ansible/

4. Extract Ansible Playbooks and other Ansible artifacts associated with
   the playbooks onto the ansible directory. Command depends on the type
   of file uploaded, examples would be:

.. code-block:: none

     tar xvf ..
     unzip …
     bunzip ..

5. Create VNF inventory hosts file with all VMs and
   OA&M IP addresses for all VNF instances with known OA&M IP addresses
   for respective VMs, example:

.. code-block:: none

    $ mkdir inventory

    $ touch inventory/vfdb9904vhosts

    $ cat inventory/vfdb9904vhosts

    [host]
    localhost ansible\_connection=local

    [oam]
    1xx.2yy.zzz.109
    1xx.2yy.zzz.110

    [rdb]
    1xx.2yy.zzz.105
    1xx.2yy.zzz.106

6. (Optional, being deprecated) Create directory to hold default
arguments for each VNF instance,
example:

.. code-block:: none

   $ mkdir –p vars/vfdb9904v
   $ touch vars/vfdb9904v/default\_args.yml
   $ cat vars/vfdb9904v/default\_args.yml
   vm\_config\_oam1\_vnfc\_name: vfdb9904vm001oam001
   vm\_config\_oam1\_hostname: vfdb9904vm001
   vm\_config\_oam1\_provider\_ip\_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.109

   vm\_config\_oam2\_vnfc\_name: vfdb9904vm002oam001
   vm\_config\_oam2\_hostname: vfdb9904vm002
   vm\_config\_oam2\_provider\_ip\_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.110

   vm\_config\_rdb1\_vnfc\_name: vfdb9904vm003rdb001
   vm\_config\_rdb1\_hostname: vfdb9904vm003
   vm\_config\_rdb1\_provider\_ip\_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.105

   vm\_config\_rdb2\_vnfc\_name: vfdb9904vm004rdb001
   vm\_config\_rdb2\_hostname: vfdb9904vm004
   vm\_config\_rdb2\_provider\_ip\_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.106

   vm\_config\_rdb3\_vnfc\_name: vfdb9904vm005rdb001
   vm\_config\_rdb3\_hostname: vfdb9904vm005
   vm\_config\_rdb3\_provider\_ip\_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.xxx

   vm\_config\_rdb4\_vnfc\_name: vfdb9904vm006rdb001
   vm\_config\_rdb4\_hostname: vfdb9904vm006
   vm\_config\_rdb4\_provider\_ip\_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.yyy

NOTE: Please note names in this file shall use underscore “\_” not dots
“.” or dashes “-“.

7. Perform some basic playbook validation running with “--check” option,
   running dummy playbooks or other.

NOTE: Each Ansible Server or cluster of Ansible Server will have its own
credentials to authenticate to VNF VMs. Ansible Server SSH public key(s)
have to be loaded onto VNF VMs during instantiation or other way before
Ansible Server can access VNF VMs and run playbooks. HOT templates used
by heat to instantiate VNFs to be configured by these Ansible Servers running
playbooks shall include the same SSH public key and load them onto VNF VM(s)
as part of instantiation.

Other non-vendor specific playbook tasks need to be incorporated in overall
post-instantiation configuration playbook. Alternative is for company
developed playbooks to be uploaded and executed, after VNF vendor provided
playbooks are run.

**A couple of playbooks used for proof-of-concept testing as examples:**

UpgradePreCheck:

.. code-block:: none

 $ pwd
 /storage/comx/V5.3.1.3/ansible/upgradeprecheck

 $ more site.yml
 ---

 - import_playbook: ../common/create_vars.yml
 - import_playbook: ../common/create_hosts.yml

 - name: upgrade software pre check
   hosts: oam,dbs,cpm
   gather_facts: no
   become: true
   become_method: sudo
   become_user: root
   max_fail_percentage: 0
   any_errors_fatal: True
   roles:
     - precheck
   tags: precheck

 $ more roles/precheck/tasks/main.yml
 ---

 - include_vars: /tmp/{{ vnf_instance }}/all.yml

 - name: get software version installed on vnf
   shell: grep "^SW_VERSION =" /vendor/software/config/param_common.cfg | grep -c "{{ existing_software_version }}"
   register: version_line
   ignore_errors: yes

 - name: send msg when matches expected version
   debug:  msg="*** OK *** VNF software release matches (old) release to be upgraded."
    verbosity=1
   when: version_line.stdout.find('1') != -1

 # send warning message and failure when release is not a match
 - fail:
     msg="*** WARNING *** VNF software release does not match expected (pre-upgrade) release."
   when: (version_line | failed) or version_line.stdout.find('1') == -1


UpgradePostCheck:

.. code-block:: none

 $ pwd
 /storage/comx/V5.3.1.3/ansible/upgradepostcheck

 $ more site.yml
 ---

 - import_playbook: ../common/create_vars.yml
 - import_playbook: ../common/create_hosts.yml

 - name: upgrade software post check
   hosts: oam,dbs,cpm
   gather_facts: no
   become: true
   become_method: sudo
   become_user: root
   max_fail_percentage: 0
   any_errors_fatal: True
   roles:
     - postcheck
   tags: postcheck

 $ more roles/postcheck/tasks/main.yml
 ---

 - include_vars: /tmp/{{ vnf_instance }}/all.yml

 - name: get post upgrade software version installed on vnf
   shell: grep "^SW_VERSION =" /vendor/software/config/param_common.cfg | grep -c "{{ new_software_version }}"
   register: version_line
   ignore_errors: yes

 - name: send msg when matches expected version
   debug:  msg="*** OK *** VNF software release matches new release."
     verbosity=1
   when: version_line.stdout.find('1') != -1

 # send warning message and failure when release is not a match
 - fail:
     msg="*** WARNING *** VNF software release does not match expected new (post-upgrade) release."
   when: (version_line | failed) or version_line.stdout.find('1') == -1


.. [1]
   The “name” field is a mandatory field in a valid Chef Node Object
   JSON dictionary.

.. [2]
   Not currently supported in ONAP release 1

.. [3]
   https://github.com/mbj4668/pyang

.. [4]
   Upstream elements must provide the appropriate FQDN in the request to
   ONAP for the desired action.

.. [5]
   Refer to NCSP’s Network Cloud specification

.. [6]
   This option is not currently supported in ONAP and it is currently
   under consideration.

.. [7]
   Multiple ONAP actions may map to one playbook.