path: root/docs/Chapter8.rst

.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
.. Copyright 2017 AT&T Intellectual Property.  All rights reserved.


**Appendix**
===============

Chef JSON Key Value Description
-------------------------------------

The following provides the key value pairs that must be contained in the
JSON file supporting Chef action.

Table A1. Chef JSON File key value description
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

+----------------+--------------------------+---------+----------------------+
| **Field Name** | **Description**          | **Type**| **Comment**          |
+================+==========================+=========+======================+
| Environment    | A JSON dictionary        | Optional|Depends on VNF action.|
|                | representing a Chef      |         |                      |
|                | Environment object. If   |         |                      |
|                | the VNF action requires  |         |                      |
|                | loading or modifying Chef|         |                      |
|                | environment attributes   |         |                      |
|                | associated with the VNF, |         |                      |
|                | all the relevant         |         |                      |
|                | information must be      |         |                      |
|                | provided in this JSON    |         |                      |
|                | dictionary in a structure|         |                      |
|                | that conforms to a Chef  |         |                      |
|                | Environment Object.      |         |                      |
+----------------+--------------------------+---------+----------------------+
| Node           | A JSON dictionary        |Mandatory|                      |
|                | representing a Chef Node |         |                      |
|                | Object.                  |         |                      |
|                |                          |         |                      |
|                | The Node JSON dictionary |         |                      |
|                | must include the run list|         |                      |
|                | to be triggered for the  |         |                      |
|                | desired VNF action by the|         |                      |
|                | push job. It should also |         |                      |
|                | include any attributes   |         |                      |
|                | that need to be          |         |                      |
|                | configured on the Node   |         |                      |
|                | Object as part of the VNF|         |                      |
|                | action.                  |         |                      |
+----------------+--------------------------+---------+----------------------+
| NodeList       | Array of FQDNs that      |Mandatory|                      |
|                | correspond to the        |         |                      |
|                | endpoints (VMs) of a VNF |         |                      |
|                | registered with the Chef |         |                      |
|                | Server that need to      |         |                      |
|                | trigger a chef-client run|         |                      |
|                | as part of the desired   |         |                      |
|                | VNF action.              |         |                      |
+----------------+--------------------------+---------+----------------------+
| PushJobFlag    | This field indicates     |Mandatory| If set to “True”,    |
|                | whether the VNF action   |         | ONAP will request a  |
|                | requires a push Job. Push|         | push job. Ignored    |
|                | job object will be       |         | otherwise.           |
|                | created by ONAP if       |         |                      |
|                | required.                |         |                      |
+----------------+--------------------------+---------+----------------------+
| CallbackCapable| This field indicates if  | Optional| If Chef cookbook is  |
|                | the chef-client run      |         | callback capable, VNF|
|                | invoked by push job      |         | owner is required to |
|                | corresponding to the VNF |         | set it to “True”.    |
|                | action is capable of     |         | Ignored otherwise.   |
|                | posting results on a     |         |                      |
|                | callback URL.            |         |                      |
+----------------+--------------------------+---------+----------------------+
| GetOutputFlag  | Flag which indicates     |Mandatory| ONAP will retrieve   |
|                | whether ONAP should      |         | output from          |
|                | retrieve output generated|         | NodeObject attributes|
|                | in a chef-client run from|         | [‘PushJobOutput’] for|
|                | Node object attribute    |         | all nodes in NodeList|
|                | node[‘PushJobOutput’] for|         | if set to “True”.    |
|                | this VNF action (e.g., in|         | Ignored otherwise.   |
|                | Audit).                  |         |                      |
+----------------+--------------------------+---------+----------------------+

Chef Template example:

.. code-block:: chef

 “Environment”:{
      "name": "HAR",
      "description": "VNF Chef environment for HAR",
      "json\_class": "Chef::Environment",
      "chef\_type": "environment",
      "default\_attributes": { },
      "override\_attributes": {
            “Retry\_Time”:”50”,
            “MemCache”: “1024”,
            “Database\_IP”:”10.10.1.5”
      },
 }
 }
 “Node”: {
      “name” : “signal.network.com “
      "chef\_type": "node",
      "json\_class": "Chef::Node",
      "attributes": {
            “IPAddress1”: “192.168.1.2”,
            “IPAddress2”:”135.16.162.5”,
            “MyRole”:”BE”
      },
      "override": {},
      "default": {},
      “normal”:{},
      “automatic”:{},
      “chef\_environment” : “\_default”
      "run\_list": [ "configure\_signal" ]
      },
      “NodeList”:[“node1.vnf\_a.onap.com”, “node2.vnf\_a.onap.com”],
      “PushJobFlag”: “True”
      “CallbackCapable”:True
      “GetOutputFlag” : “False”
 }

The example JSON file provided by the VNF provider for each VNF action will be
turned into a template by ONAP, that can be updated with instance
specific values at run-time.

Some points worth noting regarding the JSON fields:

a. The JSON file must be created for each action for each VNF.

b. If a VNF action involves multiple endpoints (VMs) of a VNF, ONAP will
   replicate the “Node” JSON dictionary in the template and post it to
   each FQDN (i.e., endpoint) in the NodeList after setting the “name”
   field in the Node object to be the respective FQDN [1]_. Hence, it
   is required that all end points (VMs) of a VNF involved in a VNF
   action support the same set of Node Object attributes.

The following table describes the JSON dictionary to post in Callback.

Table A2. JSON Dictionary to Post in Callback
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

+--------------+----------------------------+---------+-----------------------+
| **Key**      | **Description**            | **Type**| **Comment**           |
+==============+============================+=========+=======================+
| RequestId    | A unique string associated |Mandatory|                       |
|              | with the original request  |         |                       |
|              | by ONAP. This key-value    |         |                       |
|              | pair will be provided by   |         |                       |
|              | ONAP in the environment of |         |                       |
|              | the push job request and   |         |                       |
|              | must be returned as part of|         |                       |
|              | the POST message.          |         |                       |
+--------------+----------------------------+---------+-----------------------+
| StatusCode   | An integer that must be set|Mandatory|                       |
|              | to 200 if chef-client run  |         |                       |
|              | on the node finished       |         |                       |
|              | successfully 500 otherwise.|         |                       |
+--------------+----------------------------+---------+-----------------------+
| StatusMessage| A string which must be set |Mandatory|                       |
|              | to ‘SUCCESS’ if StatusCode |         |                       |
|              | was 200                    |         |                       |
|              |                            |         |                       |
|              | Appropriate error message  |         |                       |
|              | otherwise.                 |         |                       |
+--------------+----------------------------+---------+-----------------------+
| Name         | A string which corresponds |Mandatory|                       |
|              | to the name of the node    |         |                       |
|              | where push job is run. It  |         |                       |
|              | is required that the value |         |                       |
|              | be retrieved from the node |         |                       |
|              | object attributes (where it|         |                       |
|              | is always defined).        |         |                       |
+--------------+----------------------------+---------+-----------------------+
| PushJobOutput| Any output from the        |Optional | Depends on VNF action.|
|              | chef-client run that needs |         | If empty, it must not |
|              | to be returned to ONAP.    |         | be included.          |
+--------------+----------------------------+---------+-----------------------+

Ansible JSON Key Value Description
-------------------------------------------------------------

The following provides the key value pairs that must be contained in the
JSON file supporting Ansible action.

Table B1. Ansible JSON File key value description
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

+---------------+----------------------+---------+----------------------------+
| **Field Name**| **Description**      | **Type**| **Comment**                |
+===============+======================+=========+============================+
| PlaybookName  | VNF providor must    |Mandatory|                            |
|               | list name of the     |         |                            |
|               | playbook used to     |         |                            |
|               | execute the VNF      |         |                            |
|               | action.              |         |                            |
+---------------+----------------------+---------+----------------------------+
| Action        | Name of VNF action.  | Optional|                            |
+---------------+----------------------+---------+----------------------------+
| EnvParameters | A JSON dictionary    | Optional| Depends on the VNF action. |
|               | which should list key|         |                            |
|               | value pairs to be    |         |                            |
|               | passed to the Ansible|         |                            |
|               | playbook. These      |         |                            |
|               | values would         |         |                            |
|               | correspond to        |         |                            |
|               | instance specific    |         |                            |
|               | parameters that a    |         |                            |
|               | playbook may need to |         |                            |
|               | execute an action.   |         |                            |
+---------------+----------------------+---------+----------------------------+
| NodeList      | A JSON array of FQDNs| Optional| If not provided, playbook  |
|               | that the playbook    |         | will be executed on the    |
|               | must be executed on. |         | Ansible Server.            |
+---------------+----------------------+---------+----------------------------+
| FileParameters| A JSON dictionary    | Optional| Depends on the VNF action  |
|               | where keys are       |         | and playbook design.       |
|               | filenames and values |         |                            |
|               | are contents of      |         |                            |
|               | files. The Ansible   |         |                            |
|               | Server will utilize  |         |                            |
|               | this feature to      |         |                            |
|               | generate files with  |         |                            |
|               | keys as filenames and|         |                            |
|               | values as content.   |         |                            |
|               | This attribute can be|         |                            |
|               | used to generate     |         |                            |
|               | files that a playbook|         |                            |
|               | may require as part  |         |                            |
|               | of execution.        |         |                            |
+---------------+----------------------+---------+----------------------------+
| Timeout       | Time (in seconds)    | Optional|                            |
|               | that a playbook is   |         |                            |
|               | expected to take to  |         |                            |
|               | finish execution for |         |                            |
|               | the VNF. If playbook |         |                            |
|               | execution time       |         |                            |
|               | exceeds this value,  |         |                            |
|               | Ansible Server will  |         |                            |
|               | terminate the        |         |                            |
|               | playbook process.    |         |                            |
+---------------+----------------------+---------+----------------------------+

Ansible JSON file example:

{

      “Action”:”Configure”,

      "PlaybookName": "Ansible\_configure.yml",

      "NodeList": ["test1.vnf\_b.onap.com", “test2.vnf\_b.onap.com”],

      "Timeout": 60,

      "EnvParameters": {"Retry": 3, "Wait": 5, “ConfigFile”:”config.txt”},

      “FileParameters”:{“config.txt”:”db\_ip=10.1.1.1, sip\_timer=10000”}

}

In the above example, the Ansible Server will:

a. Process the “FileParameters” dictionary and generate a file named
   ‘config.txt’ with contents set to the value of the ‘config.txt’ key.

b. Execute the playbook named ‘Ansible\_configure.yml’ on nodes with
   FQDNs test1.vnf\_b.onap.com and test2.vnf\_b.onap.com respectively
   while providing the following key value pairs to the playbook:
   Retry=3, Wait=5, ConfigFile=config.txt

c. If execution time of the playbook exceeds 60 secs (across all hosts),
   it will be terminated.

VNF License Information Guidelines
------------------------------------------------------------

This Appendix describes the metadata to be supplied for VNF licenses.

1. General Information

Table C1 defines the required and optional fields for licenses.

Table C1. Required Fields for General Information
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

+---------------+-----------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| **Field Name**| **Description**                   | **Data Type**| **Type** |
+===============+===================================+==============+==========+
| VNF Provider  | The name of the VNF provider.     | String       | Mandatory|
| Name          |                                   |              |          |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| VNF Provider  | The name of the product to which  | String       | Mandatory|
| Product       | this agreement applies.           |              |          |
|               |                                   |              |          |
|               | Note: a contract/agreement may    |              |          |
|               | apply to more than one VNF        |              |          |
|               | provider product. In that case,   |              |          |
|               | provide the metadata for each     |              |          |
|               | product separately.               |              |          |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| VNF Provider  | A general description of VNF      | String       | Optional |
| Product       | provider software product.        |              |          |
| Description   |                                   |              |          |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Export Control| ECCNs are 5-character             | String       | Mandatory|
| Classification| alpha-numeric designations used on|              |          |
| Number (ECCN) | the Commerce Control List (CCL) to|              |          |
|               | identify dual-use items for export|              |          |
|               | control purposes. An ECCN         |              |          |
|               | categorizes items based on the    |              |          |
|               | nature of the product, i.e. type  |              |          |
|               | of commodity, software, or        |              |          |
|               | technology and its respective     |              |          |
|               | technical parameters.             |              |          |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Reporting     | A list of any reporting           | List of      | Optional |
| Requirements  | requirements on the usage of the  | strings      |          |
|               | software product.                 |              |          |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+--------------+----------+

1. Entitlements

Entitlements describe software license use rights. The use rights may be
quantified by various metrics: # users, # software instances, # units.
The use rights may be limited by various criteria: location (physical or
logical), type of customer, type of device, time, etc.

One or more entitlements can be defined; each one consists of the
following fields:

Table C2. Required Fields for Entitlements
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

+---------------+-----------------------------------+-------------+-----------+
| **Field Name**| **Description**                   |**Data Type**| **Type**  |
+===============+===================================+=============+===========+
| VNF Provider  | Identifier for the entitlement as | String      | Mandatory |
| Part Number / | described by the VNF provider in  |             |           |
| Manufacture   | their price list / catalog /      |             |           |
| Reference     | contract.                         |             |           |
| Number        |                                   |             |           |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+-------------+-----------+
| Description   | Verbiage that describes the       | String      | Optional  |
|               | entitlement                       |             |           |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+-------------+-----------+
| Entitlement   | Each entitlement defined must be  | String      | Mandatory |
| Identifier    | identified by a unique value (e.g.|             |           |
|               | numbered 1, 2, 3….)               |             |           |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+-------------+-----------+
| Minimum Order | The minimum number of entitlements| Number      | Mandatory |
| Requirement   | that need to be purchased.        |             |           |
|               | For example, the entitlements must|             |           |
|               | be purchased in a block of 100. If|             |           |
|               | no minimum is required, the value |             |           |
|               | will be zero.                     |             |           |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+-------------+-----------+
| Unique        | A list of any reporting           | List of     | Optional  |
| Reporting     | requirements on the usage of the  | Strings     |           |
| Requirements  | software product. (e.g.: quarterly|             |           |
|               | usage reports are required)       |             |           |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+-------------+-----------+
| License Type  | Type of license applicable to the | String      | Mandatory |
|               | software product. (e.g.:          |             |           |
|               | fixed-term, perpetual, trial,     |             |           |
|               | subscription.)                    |             |           |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+-------------+-----------+
| License       | Valid values:                     | String      |Conditional|
| Duration      |                                   |             |           |
|               | **year**, **quarter**, **month**, |             |           |
|               | **day**.                          |             |           |
|               |                                   |             |           |
|               | Not applicable when license type  |             |           |
|               | is Perpetual.                     |             |           |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+-------------+-----------+
| License       | Number of years, quarters, months,| Number      |Conditional|
| Duration      | or days for which the license is  |             |           |
| Quantification| valid.                            |             |           |
|               |                                   |             |           |
|               | Not applicable when license type  |             |           |
|               | is Perpetual.                     |             |           |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+-------------+-----------+
| Limits        | see section C.4 for possible      | List        | Optional  |
|               | values                            |             |           |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+-------------+-----------+

1. License Keys

This section defines information on any License Keys associated with the
Software Product. A license key is a data string (or a file) providing a
means to authorize the use of software. License key does not provide
entitlement information.

License Keys are not required. Optionally, one or more license keys can
be defined; each one consists of the following fields:

Table C3. Required Fields for License Keys
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

+---------------+-----------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| **Field Name**| **Description**                   | **Data Type**| **Type** |
+===============+===================================+==============+==========+
| Description   | Verbiage that describes the       | String       | Mandatory|
|               | license key                       |              |          |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| License Key   | Each license key defined must be  | String       | Mandatory|
| Identifier    | identified by a unique value      |              |          |
|               | (e.g., numbered 1, 2, 3….)        |              |          |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Key Function  | Lifecycle stage (e.g.,            | String       | Optional |
|               | Instantiation or Activation) at   |              |          |
|               | which the license key is applied  |              |          |
|               | to the software.                  |              |          |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| License Key   | Valid values:                     | String       | Mandatory|
| Type          |                                   |              |          |
|               | **Universal, Unique**             |              |          |
|               |                                   |              |          |
|               | **Universal** - a single license  |              |          |
|               | key value that may be used with   |              |          |
|               | any number of instances of the    |              |          |
|               | software.                         |              |          |
|               |                                   |              |          |
|               | **Unique**- a unique license key  |              |          |
|               | value is required for each        |              |          |
|               | instance of the software.         |              |          |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limits        | see section C.4 for possible      | List         | Optional |
|               | values                            |              |          |
+---------------+-----------------------------------+--------------+----------+

1. Entitlement and License Key Limits

Limitations on the use of software entitlements and license keys may be
based on factors such as: features enabled in the product, the allowed
capacity of the product, number of installations, etc... The limits may
generally be categorized as:

-  where (location)

-  when (time)

-  how (usages)

-  who/what (entity)

-  amount (how much)

Multiple limits may be applicable for an entitlement or license key.
Each limit may further be described by limit behavior, duration,
quantification, aggregation, aggregation interval, start date, end date,
and threshold.

When the limit is associated with a quantity, the quantity is relative
to an instance of the entitlement or license key. For example:

-  Each entitlement grants the right to 50 concurrent users. If 10
   entitlements are purchased, the total number of concurrent users
   permitted would be 500. In this example, the limit category is
   **amount**, the limit type is **users**, and the limit
   **quantification** is **50.**

   Each license key may be installed on 3 devices. If 5 license keys are
   acquired, the total number of devices allowed would be 15. In this
   example, the limit category is **usages**, the limit type is
   **device**, and the limit **quantification** is **3.**

1. Location

Locations may be logical or physical location (e.g., site, country). For
example:

-  use is allowed in Canada

Table C4. Required Fields for Location
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| **Field Name**   | **Description**                | **Data Type**| **Type** |
+==================+================================+==============+==========+
| Limit Identifier | Each limit defined for an      | String       | Mandatory|
|                  | entitlement or license key must|              |          |
|                  | be identified by a unique value|              |          |
|                  | (e.g., numbered 1,2,3…)        |              |          |
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit Description| Verbiage describing the limit. | String       | Mandatory|
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit Behavior   | Description of the actions     | String       | Mandatory|
|                  | taken when the limit boundaries|              |          |
|                  | are reached.                   |              |          |
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit Category   | Valid value: **location**      | String       | Mandatory|
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit Type       | Valid values: **city, county,  | String       | Mandatory|
|                  | state, country, region, MSA,   |              |          |
|                  | BTA, CLLI**                    |              |          |
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit List       | List of locations where the VNF| List of      | Mandatory|
|                  | provider Product can be used or| String       |          |
|                  | needs to be restricted from use|              |          |
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit Set Type   | Indicates if the list is an    | String       | Mandatory|
|                  | inclusion or exclusion.        |              |          |
|                  |                                |              |          |
|                  | Valid Values:                  |              |          |
|                  |                                |              |          |
|                  | **Allowed**                    |              |          |
|                  |                                |              |          |
|                  | **Not allowed**                |              |          |
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit            | The quantity (amount) the limit| Number       | Optional |
| Quantification   | expresses.                     |              |          |
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+

1. Time

Limit on the length of time the software may be used. For example:

-  license key valid for 1 year from activation

-  entitlement valid from 15 May 2018 thru 30 June 2020

Table C5. Required Fields for Time
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

+------------------+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------+
| **Field Name**   | **Description**               | **Data Type**| **Type**  |
+==================+===============================+==============+===========+
| Limit Identifier | Each limit defined for an     | String       | Mandatory |
|                  | entitlement or license key    |              |           |
|                  | must be identified by a unique|              |           |
|                  | value (e.g., numbered)        |              |           |
+------------------+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------+
| Limit Description| Verbiage describing the limit.| String       | Mandatory |
+------------------+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------+
| Limit Behavior   | Description of the actions    | String       | Mandatory |
|                  | taken when the limit          |              |           |
|                  | boundaries are reached.       |              |           |
|                  |                               |              |           |
|                  | The limit behavior may also   |              |           |
|                  | describe when a time limit    |              |           |
|                  | takes effect. (e.g., key is   |              |           |
|                  | valid for 1 year from date of |              |           |
|                  | purchase).                    |              |           |
+------------------+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------+
| Limit Category   | Valid value: **time**         | String       | Mandatory |
+------------------+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------+
| Limit Type       | Valid values:                 | String       | Mandatory |
|                  | **duration, date**            |              |           |
+------------------+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------+
| Limit List       | List of times for which the   | List of      | Mandatory |
|                  | VNF Provider Product can be   | String       |           |
|                  | used or needs to be restricted|              |           |
|                  | from use                      |              |           |
+------------------+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------+
| Duration Units   | Required when limit type is   | String       |Conditional|
|                  | duration. Valid values:       |              |           |
|                  | **perpetual, year, quarter,   |              |           |
|                  | month, day, minute, second,   |              |           |
|                  | millisecond**                 |              |           |
+------------------+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------+
| Limit            | The quantity (amount) the     | Number       | Optional  |
| Quantification   | limit expresses.              |              |           |
+------------------+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------+
| Start Date       | Required when limit type is   | Date         | Optional  |
|                  | date.                         |              |           |
+------------------+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------+
| End Date         | May be used when limit type is| Date         | Optional  |
|                  | date.                         |              |           |
+------------------+-------------------------------+--------------+-----------+

1. Usage

Limits based on how the software is used. For example:

-  use is limited to a specific sub-set of the features/capabilities the
   software supports

-  use is limited to a certain environment (e.g., test, development,
   production…)

-  use is limited by processor (vm, cpu, core)

-  use is limited by software release

Table C6. Required Fields for Usage
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

+------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+----------+
| **Field Name**   | **Description**               | **Data Type** | **Type** |
+==================+===============================+===============+==========+
| Limit Identifier | Each limit defined for an     | String        | Mandatory|
|                  | entitlement or license key    |               |          |
|                  | must be identified by a unique|               |          |
|                  | value (e.g., numbered)        |               |          |
+------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+----------+
| Limit Description| Verbiage describing the limit.| String        | Mandatory|
+------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+----------+
| Limit Behavior   | Description of the actions    | String        | Mandatory|
|                  | taken when the limit          |               |          |
|                  | boundaries are reached.       |               |          |
+------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+----------+
| Limit Category   | Valid value: **usages**       | String        | Mandatory|
+------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+----------+
| Limit Type       | Valid values: **feature,      | String        | Mandatory|
|                  | environment, processor,       |               |          |
|                  | version**                     |               |          |
+------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+----------+
| Limit List       | List of usage limits (e.g.,   | List of String| Mandatory|
|                  | test, development, vm, core,  |               |          |
|                  | R1.2.1, R1.3.5…)              |               |          |
+------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+----------+
| Limit Set Type   | Indicates if the list is an   | String        | Mandatory|
|                  | inclusion or exclusion.       |               |          |
|                  |                               |               |          |
|                  | Valid Values:                 |               |          |
|                  |                               |               |          |
|                  | **Allowed**                   |               |          |
|                  |                               |               |          |
|                  | **Not allowed**               |               |          |
+------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+----------+
| Limit            | The quantity (amount) the     | Number        | Optional |
| Quantification   | limit expresses.              |               |          |
+------------------+-------------------------------+---------------+----------+

1. Entity

Limit on the entity (product line, organization, customer) allowed to
make use of the software. For example:

-  allowed to be used in support of wireless products

-  allowed to be used only for government entities

Table C7. Required Fields for Entity
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| **Field Name**   | **Description**                |**Data Type** | **Type** |
+==================+================================+==============+==========+
| Limit Identifier | Each limit defined for an      | String       | Mandatory|
|                  | entitlement or license key must|              |          |
|                  | be identified by a unique value|              |          |
|                  | (e.g., numbered)               |              |          |
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit Description| Verbiage describing the limit. | String       | Mandatory|
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit Behavior   | Description of the actions     | String       | Mandatory|
|                  | taken when the limit boundaries|              |          |
|                  | are reached.                   |              |          |
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit Category   | Valid value: **entity**        | String       | Mandatory|
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit Type       | Valid values: **product line,  | String       | Mandatory|
|                  | organization, internal         |              |          |
|                  | customer, external customer**  |              |          |
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit List       | List of entities for which the |List of String| Mandatory|
|                  | VNF Provider Product can be    |              |          |
|                  | used or needs to be restricted |              |          |
|                  | from use                       |              |          |
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit Set Type   | Indicates if the list is an    | String       | Mandatory|
|                  | inclusion or exclusion.        |              |          |
|                  |                                |              |          |
|                  | Valid Values:                  |              |          |
|                  |                                |              |          |
|                  | **Allowed**                    |              |          |
|                  |                                |              |          |
|                  | **Not allowed**                |              |          |
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+
| Limit            | The quantity (amount) the limit| Number       | Optional |
| Quantification   | expresses.                     |              |          |
+------------------+--------------------------------+--------------+----------+

1. Amount

These limits describe terms relative to utilization of the functions of
the software (for example, number of named users permitted, throughput,
or capacity). Limits of this type may also be relative to utilization of
other resources (for example, a limit for firewall software is not based
on use of the firewall software, but on the number of network
subscribers).

The metadata describing this type of limit includes the unit of measure
(e.g., # users, # sessions, # MB, # TB, etc.), the quantity of units,
any aggregation function (e.g., peak or average users), and aggregation
interval (day, month, quarter, year, etc.).

Table C8. Required Fields for Amount
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

+------------------+---------------------------------+-------------+----------+
| **Field Name**   | **Description**                 |**Data Type**| **Type** |
+==================+=================================+=============+==========+
| Limit Identifier | Each limit defined for an       | String      | Mandatory|
|                  | entitlement or license key must |             |          |
|                  | be identified by a unique value |             |          |
|                  | (e.g., numbered)                |             |          |
+------------------+---------------------------------+-------------+----------+
| Limit Description| Verbiage describing the limit.  | String      | Mandatory|
+------------------+---------------------------------+-------------+----------+
| Limit Behavior   | Description of the actions taken| String      | Mandatory|
|                  | when the limit boundaries are   |             |          |
|                  | reached.                        |             |          |
+------------------+---------------------------------+-------------+----------+
| Limit Category   | Valid value: **amount**         | String      | Mandatory|
+------------------+---------------------------------+-------------+----------+
| Limit Type       | Valid values: **trunk, user,    | String      | Mandatory|
|                  | subscriber, session, token,     |             |          |
|                  | transactions, seats, KB, MB, TB,|             |          |
|                  | GB**                            |             |          |
+------------------+---------------------------------+-------------+----------+
| Type of          | Is the limit relative to        | String      | Mandatory|
| Utilization      | utilization of the functions of |             |          |
|                  | the software or relative to     |             |          |
|                  | utilization of other resources? |             |          |
|                  |                                 |             |          |
|                  | Valid values:                   |             |          |
|                  |                                 |             |          |
|                  | -  **software functions**       |             |          |
|                  |                                 |             |          |
|                  | -  **other resources**          |             |          |
+------------------+---------------------------------+-------------+----------+
| Limit            | The quantity (amount) the limit | Number      | Optional |
| Quantification   | expresses.                      |             |          |
+------------------+---------------------------------+-------------+----------+
| Aggregation      | Valid values: **peak, average** | String      | Optional |
| Function         |                                 |             |          |
+------------------+---------------------------------+-------------+----------+
| Aggregation      | Time period over which the      | String      | Optional |
| Interval         | aggregation is done (e.g.,      |             |          |
|                  | average sessions per quarter).  |             |          |
|                  | Required when an Aggregation    |             |          |
|                  | Function is specified.          |             |          |
|                  |                                 |             |          |
|                  | Valid values: **day, month,     |             |          |
|                  | quarter, year, minute, second,  |             |          |
|                  | millisecond**                   |             |          |
+------------------+---------------------------------+-------------+----------+
| Aggregation      | Is the limit quantity applicable| String      | Optional |
| Scope            | to a single entitlement or      |             |          |
|                  | license key (each separately)?  |             |          |
|                  | Or may the limit quantity be    |             |          |
|                  | combined with others of the same|             |          |
|                  | type (resulting in limit amount |             |          |
|                  | that is the sum of all the      |             |          |
|                  | purchased entitlements or       |             |          |
|                  | license keys)?                  |             |          |
|                  |                                 |             |          |
|                  | Valid values:                   |             |          |
|                  |                                 |             |          |
|                  | -  **single**                   |             |          |
|                  |                                 |             |          |
|                  | -  **combined**                 |             |          |
+------------------+---------------------------------+-------------+----------+
| Type of User     | Describes the types of users of | String      | Optional |
|                  | the functionality offered by the|             |          |
|                  | software (e.g., authorized,     |             |          |
|                  | named). This field is included  |             |          |
|                  | when Limit Type is user.        |             |          |
+------------------+---------------------------------+-------------+----------+

TOSCA model
-----------------------------

Table D1. ONAP Resource DM TOSCA/YAML constructs
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Standard TOSCA/YAML definitions agreed by VNF SDK Modeling team to be used by
VNF vendors to create a standard VNF descriptor.

All definitions are summarized in the table below based on the agreed ONAP
Resource DM TOSCA/YAML constructs for Beijing. Their syntax is specified in
ETSI GS NFV-SOL001 stable draft for VNF-D.

+------------+------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| Requirement| Resource IM Info Elements    | TOSCA Constructs as per SOL001  |
| Number     |                              |                                 |
+============+==============================+=================================+
| R-02454    | VNFD.vnfSoftwareVersion      | For VDU.Compute -               |
|            |                              | tosca.artifacts.nfv.SwImage     |
|            |                              |                                 |
|            | SwImageDesc.Version          | For Virtual Storage -           |
|            |                              | tosca.artifacts.Deployment.Image|
+------------+------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| R-03070    | vnfExtCpd's with virtual     | tosca.nodes.nfv.VnfExtCp with a |
|            | NetworkInterfaceRequirements | property tosca.datatypes.nfv.\  |
|            | (vNIC)                       | VirtualNetworkInterface\        |
|            |                              | Requirements                    |
+------------+------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| R-09467    | VDU.Compute descriptor       | tosca.nodes.nfv.Vdu.Compute     |
+------------+------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| R-16065    | VDU.Compute. Configurable    | tosca.datatypes.nfv.Vnfc        |
|            | Properties                   | ConfigurableProperties          |
+------------+------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| R-30654    | VNFD.lifeCycleManagement     | Interface construct tosca.\     |
|            | Script - IFA011 LifeCycle\   | interfaces.nfv.vnf.lifecycle.Nfv|
|            | ManagementScript             | with a list of standard LCM     |
|            |                              | operations                      |
+------------+------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| R-35851    | CPD: VduCp, VnfExtCp,        | tosca.nodes.nfv.VduCp, tosca.\  |
|            | VnfVirtualLinkDesc, QoS      | nodes.nfv.VnfVirtualLink,       |
|            | Monitoring info element  -   | tosca.nodes.nfv.VnfExtCp        |
|            | TBD                          |                                 |
+------------+------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| R-41215    | VNFD/VDU Profile and scaling | tosca.datatypes.nfv.VduProfile  |
|            | aspect                       | and tosca.datatypes.nfv.\       |
|            |                              | ScalingAspect                   |
+------------+------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| R-66070    |  VNFD meta data              | tosca.datatypes.nfv.            |
|            |                              | VnfInfoModifiableAttributes -   |
|            |                              | metadata?                       |
+------------+------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| R-96634    | VNFD.configurableProperties  | tosca.datatypes.nfv.Vnf\        |
|            | describing scaling           | ConfigurableProperties,         |
|            | characteristics.  VNFD.\     | tosca.datatypes.nfv.ScaleInfo   |
|            | autoscale defines the rules  |                                 |
|            | for scaling based on specific|                                 |
|            | VNF  indications             |                                 |
+------------+------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| ?          |  VDU Virtual Storage         | tosca.nodes.nfv.Vdu.\           |
|            |                              | VirtualStorage                  |
+------------+------------------------------+---------------------------------+
| R-01478    | Monitoring Info Element (TBD)| tosca.capabilities.nfv.Metric - |
|            | - SOL001 per VNF/VDU/VLink   | type for monitoring             |
| R-01556    | memory-consumption,          |                                 |
|            | CPU-utilization,             | monitoring_parameter  of above  |
|            | bandwidth-consumption, VNFC  | type per VNF/VDU/VLink          |
|            | downtime, etc.               |                                 |
+------------+------------------------------+---------------------------------+


Table D2. TOSCA CSAR structure
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

This section defines the requirements around the CSAR structure.

The table below describes the numbered requirements for CSAR structure as
agreed with SDC. The format of the CSAR is specified in SOL004.

+------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------+
| Requirement| Description                         | CSAR artifact directory  |
| Number     |                                     |                          |
+============+=====================================+==========================+
| R-26881    | The VNF provider MUST provide the   | ROOT\\Artifacts\         |
|            | binaries and images needed to       | \\VNF_Image.bin          |
|            | instantiate the VNF (VNF and VNFC   |                          |
|            | images).                            |                          |
+------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------+
| R-30654    | VNFD.lifeCycleManagementScript that | ROOT\\Artifacts\         |
|            | includes a list of events and       | \\Informational\         |
|            | corresponding management scripts    | \\Install.csh            |
|            | performed for the VNF - SOL001      |                          |
+------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------+
| R-35851    | All VNF topology related definitions| ROOT\\Definitions\       |
|            | in yaml files VNFD/Main Service     | \\VNFC.yaml              |
|            | template at the ROOT                |                          |
|            |                                     | ROOT\                    |
|            |                                     | \\MainService\           |
|            |                                     | \\Template.yaml          |
+------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------+
| R-40827    | CSAR License directory - SOL004     | ROOT\\Licenses\          |
|            |                                     | \\License_term.txt       |
+------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------+
| R-77707    | CSAR Manifest file - SOL004         | ROOT\                    |
|            |                                     | \\MainServiceTemplate.mf |
+------------+-------------------------------------+--------------------------+



Requirement List
--------------------------------

R-11200: The VNF **MUST** keep the scope of a Cinder volume module,
when it exists, to be 1:1 with the VNF Base Module or Incremental Module.

R-01334: The VNF **MUST** conform to the NETCONF RFC 5717,
“Partial Lock Remote Procedure Call”.

R-51910: The VNF **MUST** provide all telemetry (e.g., fault event
records, syslog records, performance records etc.) to ONAP using the
model, format and mechanisms described in this section.

R-29324: The VNF **SHOULD** implement the protocol operation:
**copy-config(target, source) -** Copy the content of the configuration
datastore source to the configuration datastore target.

R-72184: The VNF **MUST** have routable FQDNs for all the endpoints
(VMs) of a VNF that contain chef-clients which are used to register
with the Chef Server.  As part of invoking VNF actions, ONAP will
trigger push jobs against FQDNs of endpoints for a VNF, if required.

R-23740: The VNF **MUST** accommodate the security principle of
“least privilege” during development, implementation and operation.
The importance of “least privilege” cannot be overstated and must be
observed in all aspects of VNF development and not limited to security.
This is applicable to all sections of this document.

R-12709: The VNFC **SHOULD** be independently deployed, configured,
upgraded, scaled, monitored, and administered by ONAP.

R-88031: The VNF **SHOULD** implement the protocol operation:
**delete-config(target) -** Delete the named configuration datastore target.

R-42207: The VNF **MUST** design resiliency into a VNF such that the
resiliency deployment model (e.g., active-active) can be chosen at run-time.

R-98617: The VNF provider **MUST** provide information regarding any
dependency (e.g., affinity, anti-affinity) with other VNFs and resources.

R-62498: The VNF **MUST**, if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API, encrypt
OA&M access (e.g., SSH, SFTP).

R-42366: The VNF **MUST** support secure connections and transports.

R-33955: The VNF **SHOULD** conform its YANG model to RFC 6991,
“Common YANG Data Types”.

R-33488: The VNF **MUST** protect against all denial of service attacks,
both volumetric and non-volumetric, or integrate with external denial
of service protection tools.

R-57617: The VNF **MUST** include the field “success/failure” in the
Security alarms (where applicable and technically feasible).

R-57271: The VNF **MUST** provide the capability of generating security
audit logs by interacting with the operating system (OS) as appropriate.

R-44569: The VNF provider **MUST NOT** require additional infrastructure
such as a VNF provider license server for VNF providor functions and metrics.

R-67918: The VNF **MUST** handle replication race conditions both locally
and geo-located in the event of a data base instance failure to maintain
service continuity.

R-35532: The VNF **SHOULD** release and clear all shared assets (memory,
database operations, connections, locks, etc.) as soon as possible,
especially before long running sync and asynchronous operations, so as
to not prevent use of these assets by other entities.

R-37692: The VNFC **MUST** provide API versioning to allow for
independent upgrades of VNFC.

R-50252: The VNF **MUST** write to a specific set of text files that
will be retrieved and made available by the Ansible Server If, as part
of a VNF action (e.g., audit), a playbook is required to return any VNF
information.

R-58977: The VNF **MUST** provide or support the Identity and Access
Management (IDAM) based threat detection data for Eavesdropping.

R-59391: The VNF provider **MUST**, where a VNF provider requires the
assumption of permissions, such as root or administrator, first log in
under their individual user login ID then switch to the other higher
level account; or where the individual user login is infeasible, must
login with an account with admin privileges in a way that uniquely
identifies the individual performing the function.

R-93443: The VNF **MUST** define all data models in YANG [RFC6020],
and the mapping to NETCONF shall follow the rules defined in this RFC.

R-72243: The VNF **MUST** provide or support the Identity and Access
Management (IDAM) based threat detection data for Phishing / SMishing.

R-33280: The VNF **MUST NOT** use any instance specific parameters in
a playbook.

R-73468: The VNF **MUST** allow the NETCONF server connection parameters
to be configurable during virtual machine instantiation through Heat
templates where SSH keys, usernames, passwords, SSH service and SSH port
numbers are Heat template parameters.

R-46908: The VNF **MUST**, if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API, comply with
"password complexity" policy. When passwords are used, they shall be complex
and shall at least meet the following password construction requirements:
(1) be a minimum configurable number of characters in length, (2) include
3 of the 4 following types of characters: upper-case alphabetic, lower-case
alphabetic, numeric, and special, (3) not be the same as the UserID with
which they are associated or other common strings as specified by the
environment, (4) not contain repeating or sequential characters or numbers,
(5) not to use special characters that may have command functions, and (6)
new passwords must not contain sequences of three or more characters from
the previous password.

R-86261: The VNF **MUST NOT** allow VNF provider access to VNFs remotely.

R-75343: The VNF **MUST** provide the capability of testing the validity
of a digital certificate by recognizing the identity represented by the
certificate — the "distinguished name".

R-40813: The VNF **SHOULD** support the use of virtual trusted platform
module, hypervisor security testing and standards scanning tools.

R-02454: The VNF **MUST** support the existence of multiple major/minor
versions of the VNF software and/or sub-components and interfaces that
support both forward and backward compatibility to be transparent to the
Service Provider usage.

R-20353: The VNF **MUST** implement at least one of the capabilities
**:candidate** or **:writable-running**. If both **:candidate** and
**:writable-running** are provided then two locks should be supported.

R-01556: The VNF Package **MUST** include documentation describing
the fault, performance, capacity events/alarms and other event records
that are made available by the VNF. The document must include:

R-56815: The VNF Package **MUST** include documentation describing
supported VNF scaling capabilities and capacity limits (e.g., number
of users, bandwidth, throughput, concurrent calls).

R-56793: The VNF **MUST** test for adherence to the defined performance
budgets at each layer, during each delivery cycle with delivered results,
so that the performance budget is measured and the code is adjusted to
meet performance budget.

R-54520: The VNF **MUST** log successful and unsuccessful login attempts.

R-10173: The VNF **MUST** allow another NETCONF session to be able to
initiate the release of the lock by killing the session owning the lock,
using the <kill-session> operation to guard against hung NETCONF sessions.

R-36280: The VNF provider **MUST** provide documentation describing VNF
Functional Capabilities that are utilized to operationalize the VNF and
compose complex services.

R-15671: The VNF **MUST NOT** provide public or unrestricted access to any
data without the permission of the data owner. All data classification and
access controls must be followed.

R-39342: The VNF **MUST**, if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API, comply with
"password changes (includes default passwords)" policy. Products
will support password aging, syntax and other credential management
practices on a configurable basis.

R-21558: The VNF **SHOULD** use intelligent routing by having knowledge
of multiple downstream/upstream endpoints that are exposed to it, to ensure
there is no dependency on external services (such as load balancers) to
switch to alternate endpoints.

R-07545: The VNF **MUST** support all operations, administration and
management (OAM) functions available from the supplier for VNFs using
the supplied YANG code and associated NETCONF servers.

R-73541: The VNF **MUST** use access controls for VNFs and their
supporting computing systems at all times to restrict access to
authorized personnel only, e.g., least privilege. These controls
could include the use of system configuration or access control software.

R-97102: The VNF Package **MUST** include VM requirements via a Heat
template that provides the necessary data for:

R-44013: The VNF **MUST** populate an attribute, defined as
node[‘PushJobOutput’] with the desired output on all nodes in the push
job that execute chef-client run if the VNF action requires the output
of a chef-client run be made available (e.g., get running configuration).

R-40521: The VNF **MUST**, if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API, support use of
common third party authentication and authorization tools such as TACACS+,
RADIUS.

R-41829: The VNF **MUST** be able to specify the granularity of the lock
via a restricted or full XPath expression.

R-19768: The VNF **SHOULD** support L3 VPNs that enable segregation of
traffic by application (dropping packets not belonging to the VPN) (i.e.,
AVPN, IPSec VPN for Internet routes).

R-55478: The VNF **MUST** log logoffs.

R-14853: The VNF **MUST** respond to a "move traffic" [2]_ command against a
specific VNFC, moving all existing session elsewhere with minimal disruption
if a VNF provides a load balancing function across multiple instances of its
VNFCs. Note: Individual VNF performance aspects (e.g., move duration or
disruption scope) may require further constraints.

R-68165: The VNF **MUST** encrypt any content containing Sensitive Personal
Information (SPI) or certain proprietary data, in addition to applying the
regular procedures for securing access and delivery.

R-31614: The VNF **MUST** log the field “event type” in the security audit
logs.

R-87662: The VNF **SHOULD** implement the NETCONF Event Notifications
[RFC5277].

R-26508: The VNF **MUST** support NETCONF server that can be mounted
on OpenDaylight (client) and perform the following operations:

R-26567: The VNF Package **MUST** include a run list of
roles/cookbooks/recipes, for each supported VNF action, that will perform
the desired VNF action in its entirety as specified by ONAP (see Section
8.c, ONAP Controller APIs and Behavior, for list of VNF actions and
requirements), when triggered by a chef-client run list in JSON file.

R-04158: The VNF **MUST** conform to the NETCONF RFC 4742,
“Using the NETCONF Configuration Protocol over Secure Shell (SSH)”.

R-49109: The VNF **MUST** encrypt TCP/IP--HTTPS (e.g., TLS v1.2) transmission
of data on internal and external networks.

R-15884: The VNF **MUST** include the field “date” in the Security alarms
(where applicable and technically feasible).

R-15885: The VNF **MUST** Upon completion of the chef-client run, POST
back on the callback URL, a JSON object as described in Table A2 if the
chef-client run list includes a cookbook/recipe that is callback capable.
Failure to POST on the Callback Url should not be considered a critical
error. That is, if the chef-client successfully completes the VNF action,
it should reflect this status on the Chef Server regardless of whether
the Callback succeeded or not.

R-82223: The VNF **MUST** be decomposed if the functions have significantly
different scaling characteristics (e.g., signaling versus media functions,
control versus data plane functions).

R-37608: The VNF **MUST** provide a mechanism to restrict access based
on the attributes of the VNF and the attributes of the subject.

R-02170: The VNF **MUST** use, whenever possible, standard implementations
of security applications, protocols, and format, e.g., S/MIME, TLS, SSH,
IPSec, X.509 digital certificates for cryptographic implementations.
These implementations must be purchased from reputable vendors and must
not be developed in-house.

R-11235: The VNF **MUST** implement the protocol operation:
**kill-session(session)** - Force the termination of **session**.

R-87564: The VNF **SHOULD** conform its YANG model to RFC 7317,
“A YANG Data Model for System Management”.

R-69649: The VNF **MUST** have all vulnerabilities patched as soon as
possible. Patching shall be controlled via change control process with
vulnerabilities disclosed along with mitigation recommendations.

R-75041: The VNF **MUST**, if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API, expire passwords
at regular configurable intervals.

R-23035: The VNF **MUST** be designed to scale horizontally (more instances
of a VNF or VNFC) and not vertically (moving the existing instances to larger
VMs or increasing the resources within a VM) to achieve effective utilization
of cloud resources.

R-97445: The VNF **MUST** log the field “date/time” in the security audit logs.

R-16777: The VNF provider **MUST** provide a JSON file for each supported
action for the VNF.  The JSON file must contain key value pairs with all
relevant values populated with sample data that illustrates its usage.
The fields and their description are defined in Appendix B.

R-08134: The VNF **MUST** conform to the NETCONF RFC 6241,
“NETCONF Configuration Protocol”.

R-01382: The VNF **MUST** allow the entire configuration of the VNF to
be retrieved via NETCONF's <get-config> and <edit-config>, independently
of whether it was configured via NETCONF or other mechanisms.

R-48356: The VNF **MUST** fully exploit exception handling to the extent
that resources (e.g., threads and memory) are released when no longer
needed regardless of programming language.

R-90007: The VNF **MUST** implement the protocol operation:
**close-session()**- Gracefully close the current session.

R-42140: The VNF **MUST** respond to data requests from ONAP as soon as
those requests are received, as a synchronous response.

R-27511: The VNF provider **MUST** provide the ability to scale up a VNF
provider supplied product during growth and scale down a VNF provider
supplied product during decline without “real-time” restrictions based
upon VNF provider permissions.

R-05470: The VNF **MUST** host connectors for access to the database layer.

R-85633: The VNF **MUST** implement Data Storage Encryption (database/disk
encryption) for Sensitive Personal Information (SPI) and other subscriber
identifiable data. Note: subscriber’s SPI/data must be encrypted at rest,
and other subscriber identifiable data should be encrypted at rest. Other
data protection requirements exist and should be well understood by the
developer.

R-36792: The VNF **MUST** automatically retry/resubmit failed requests
made by the software to its downstream system to increase the success rate.

R-49036: The VNF **SHOULD** conform its YANG model to RFC 7277,
“A YANG Data Model for IP Management”.

R-63217: The VNF **MUST**, if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API, support
logging via ONAP for a historical view of “who did what and when”.

R-44125: The VNF provider **MUST** agree to the process that can be met
by Service Provider reporting infrastructure. The Contract shall define
the reporting process and the available reporting tools.

R-22700: The VNF **MUST** conform its YANG model to RFC 6470,
“NETCONF Base Notifications”.

R-74958: The VNF **MUST** activate security alarms automatically when
the following event is detected: unsuccessful attempts to gain permissions
or assume the identity of another user

R-44281: The VNF **MUST** implement the protocol operation:
**edit-config(target, default-operation, test-option, error-option,
config)** - Edit the target configuration datastore by merging,
replacing, creating, or deleting new config elements.

R-81777: The VNF **MUST** be configured with initial address(es) to
use at deployment time. After that the address(es) may be changed
through ONAP-defined policies delivered from ONAP to the VNF using
PUTs to a RESTful API, in the same way that other controls over data
reporting will be controlled by policy.

R-57855: The VNF **MUST** support hitless staggered/rolling deployments
between its redundant instances to allow "soak-time/burn in/slow roll"
which can enable the support of low traffic loads to validate the
deployment prior to supporting full traffic loads.

R-73285: The VNF **MUST** must encode the delivered data using JSON or Avro,
addressed and delivered as described in the previous paragraphs.

R-85028: The VNF **MUST** authenticate system to system access and do not
conceal a VNF provider user’s individual accountability for transactions.

R-28545: The VNF **MUST** conform its YANG model to RFC 6060, “YANG - A
Data Modeling Language for the Network Configuration Protocol (NETCONF)”

R-74712: The VNF **MUST** utilize FQDNs (and not IP address) for both
Service Chaining and scaling.

R-29760: The VNFC **MUST** be installed on non-root file systems, unless
software is specifically included with the operating system distribution
of the guest image.

R-08315: The VNF **SHOULD** use redundant connection pooling to connect
to any backend data source that can be switched between pools in an
automated/scripted fashion to ensure high availability of the connection
to the data source.

R-42874: The VNF **MUST** comply with Least Privilege (no more privilege
than required to perform job functions) when persons or non-person entities
access VNFs.

R-08312: The VNF **MAY** use other options which are expected to include

R-19082: The VNF **MUST NOT** run security testing tools and programs, e.g.,
password cracker, port scanners, hacking tools in production, without
authorization of the VNF system owner.

R-39650: The VNF **SHOULD** provide the ability to test incremental growth
of the VNF.

R-15325: The VNF **MUST** log the field “success/failure” in the security
audit logs.

R-07617: The VNF **MUST** log creating, removing, or changing the inherent
privilege level of users.

R-53015: The VNF **MUST** apply locking based on the sequence of NETCONF
operations, with the first configuration operation locking out all others
until completed.

R-83500: The VNF **MUST** provide the capability of allowing certificate
renewal and revocation.

R-23772: The VNF **MUST** validate input at all layers implementing VNF APIs.

R-83227: The VNF **MUST** Provide the capability to encrypt data in transit
on a physical or virtual network.

R-36843: The VNF **MUST** support the ability of the VNFC to be deployable
in multi-zoned cloud sites to allow for site support in the event of cloud
zone failure or upgrades.

R-10129: The VNF **SHOULD** conform its YANG model to RFC 7223,
“A YANG Data Model for Interface Management”.

R-18733: The VNF **MUST** implement the protocol operation:
**discard-changes()** - Revert the candidate configuration datastore to
the running configuration.

R-21819: The VNF **MUST** support requests for information from law
enforcement and government agencies.

R-92207: The VNF **SHOULD** implement a mechanism for automated and frequent
"system configuration (automated provisioning / closed loop)" auditing.

R-63935: The VNF **MUST** release locks to prevent permanent lock-outs when
a user configured timer has expired forcing the NETCONF SSH Session
termination (i.e., product must expose a configuration knob for a user
setting of a lock expiration timer)

R-79224: The VNF **MUST** have the chef-client be preloaded with validator
keys and configuration to register with the designated Chef Server as part
of the installation process.

R-12467: The VNF **MUST NOT** use the SHA, DSS, MD5, SHA-1 and Skipjack
algorithms or other compromised encryption.

R-68589: The VNF **MUST**, if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API, support
User-IDs and passwords to uniquely identify the user/application. VNF
needs to have appropriate connectors to the Identity, Authentication and
Authorization systems that enables access at OS, Database and Application
levels as appropriate.

R-26115: The VNF **MUST** follow the data model upgrade rules defined in
[RFC6020] section 10. All deviations from section 10 rules shall be handled
by a built-in automatic upgrade mechanism.

R-49145: The VNF **MUST** implement **:confirmed-commit** If **:candidate**
is supported.

R-04298: The VNF provider **MUST** provide their testing scripts to
support testing.

R-92935: The VNF **SHOULD** minimize the propagation of state information
across multiple data centers to avoid cross data center traffic.

R-47204: The VNF **MUST** protect the confidentiality and integrity of
data at rest and in transit from unauthorized access and modification.

R-32695: The VNF **MUST** provide the ability to modify the number of
retries, the time between retries and the behavior/action taken after
the retries have been exhausted for exception handling to allow the NCSP
to control that behavior.

R-58964: The VNF **MUST** provide the capability to restrict read and
write access to data.

R-73364: The VNF **MUST** support at least two major versions of the
VNF software and/or sub-components to co-exist within production
environments at any time so that upgrades can be applied across multiple
systems in a staggered manner.

R-33946: The VNF **MUST** conform to the NETCONF RFC 4741,
“NETCONF Configuration Protocol”.

R-24269: The VNF **SHOULD** conform its YANG model to RFC 7407,
“A YANG Data Model for SNMP Configuration”.

R-16039: The VNF **SHOULD** test for adherence to the defined resiliency
rating recommendation at each layer, during each delivery cycle so that
the resiliency rating is measured and feedback is provided where software
resiliency requirements are not met.

R-46290: The VNF **MUST** respond to an ONAP request to deliver granular
data on device or subsystem status or performance, referencing the YANG
configuration model for the VNF by returning the requested data elements.

R-11240: The VNF **MUST** respond with content encoded in JSON, as described
in the RESTCONF specification. This way the encoding of a synchronous
communication will be consistent with Avro.

R-83790: The VNF **MUST** implement the **:validate** capability

R-83873: The VNF **MUST** support **:rollback-on-error** value for the
<error-option> parameter to the <edit-config> operation. If any error
occurs during the requested edit operation, then the target database
(usually the running configuration) will be left affected. This provides an
'all-or-nothing' edit mode for a single <edit-config> request.

R-25238: The VNF PACKAGE **MUST** validated YANG code using the open
source pyang [3]_ program using the following commands:

R-58370: The VNF **MUST** coexist and operate normally with commercial
anti-virus software which shall produce alarms every time when there is
a security incident.

R-39604: The VNF **MUST** provide the capability of testing the validity
of a digital certificate by checking the Certificate Revocation List (CRL)
for the certificates of that type to ensure that the certificate has not
been revoked.

R-06617: The VNF **MUST** support get-schema (ietf-netconf-monitoring)
to pull YANG model over session.

R-13344: The VNF **MUST** log starting and stopping of security logging.

R-02360: The VNFC **MUST** be designed as a standalone, executable process.

R-80070: The VNF **MUST** handle errors and exceptions so that they do not
interrupt processing of incoming VNF requests to maintain service continuity.

R-02137: The VNF **MUST** implement all monitoring and logging as described
in the Security Analytics section.

R-16496: The VNF **MUST** enable instantiating only the functionality that
is needed for the decomposed VNF (e.g., if transcoding is not needed it
should not be instantiated).

R-32217: The VNF **MUST** have routable FQDNs that are reachable via the
Ansible Server for the endpoints (VMs) of a VNF on which playbooks will be
executed. ONAP will initiate requests to the Ansible Server for invocation
of playbooks against these end points [4]_.

R-47849: The VNF provider **MUST** support the metadata about licenses
(and their applicable entitlements) as defined in this document for VNF
software, and any license keys required to authorize use of the VNF software.

 This metadata will be used to facilitate onboarding the VNF into the ONAP
 environment and automating processes for putting the licenses into use and
 managing the full lifecycle of the licenses. The details of this license
 model are described in Appendix C. Note: License metadata support in ONAP is
 not currently available and planned for 1Q 2018.

R-85419: The VNF **SHOULD** use REST APIs exposed to Client Applications for
the implementation of OAuth 2.0 Authorization Code Grant and Client Credentials
Grant, as the standard interface for a VNF.

R-34660: The VNF **MUST** use the RESTCONF/NETCONF framework used by the
ONAP configuration subsystem for synchronous communication.

R-88026: The VNF **MUST** include a NETCONF server enabling runtime
configuration and lifecycle management capabilities.

R-48080: The VNF **SHOULD** support SCEP (Simple Certificate Enrollment
Protocol).

R-43884: The VNF **MUST** integrate with external authentication and
authorization services (e.g., IDAM).

R-70933: The VNF **MUST** provide the ability to migrate to newer versions
of cryptographic algorithms and protocols with no impact.

R-48917: The VNF **MUST** monitor for and alert on (both sender and receiver)
errant, running longer than expected and missing file transfers, so as to
minimize the impact due to file transfer errors.

R-79107: The VNF **MUST**, if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API, enforce a
configurable maximum number of Login attempts policy for the users. VNF
provider must comply with "terminate idle sessions" policy. Interactive
sessions must be terminated, or a secure, locking screensaver must be
activated requiring authentication, after a configurable period of inactivity.
The system-based inactivity timeout for the enterprise identity and access
management system must also be configurable.

R-75850: The VNF **SHOULD** decouple persistent data from the VNFC and keep
it in its own datastore that can be reached by all instances of the VNFC
requiring the data.

R-46960: The VNF **MUST** utilize only the Guest OS versions that are
supported by the NCSP’s Network Cloud. [5]_

R-21210: The VNF **MUST** implement the following input validation control:
Validate that any input file has a correct and valid Multipurpose Internet
Mail Extensions (MIME) type. Input files should be tested for spoofed MIME
types.

R-24359: The VNF **MUST** provide the capability of testing the validity
of a digital certificate by validating the date the certificate is being
used is within the validity period for the certificate.

R-49224: The VNF **MUST** provide unique traceability of a transaction
through its life cycle to ensure quick and efficient troubleshooting.

R-04982: The VNF **MUST NOT** include an authentication credential,
e.g., password, in the security audit logs, even if encrypted.

R-74481: The VNF **MUST** NOT require the use of a dynamic routing
protocol unless necessary to meet functional requirements.

R-98911: The VNF **MUST NOT** use any instance specific parameters for
the VNF in roles/cookbooks/recipes invoked for a VNF action.

R-89571: The VNF **MUST** support and provide artifacts for configuration
management using at least one of the following technologies:

R-87135: The VNF **MUST** comply with NIST standards and industry best
practices for all implementations of cryptography.

R-04492: The VNF **MUST** generate security audit logs that must be
sent to Security Analytics Tools for analysis.

R-02597: The VNF **MUST** implement the protocol operation:
**lock(target)** - Lock the configuration datastore target.

R-13800: The VNF **MUST** conform to the NETCONF RFC 5277, “NETCONF
Event Notification”.

R-64445: The VNF **MUST** support the ability of a requestor of the service
to determine the version (and therefore capabilities) of the service so that
Network Cloud Service Provider can understand the capabilities of the service.

R-64768: The VNF **MUST** limit the size of application data packets to
no larger than 9000 bytes for SDN network-based tunneling when guest data
packets are transported between tunnel endpoints that support guest logical
networks.

R-75608: The VNF provider **MUST** provide playbooks to be loaded on the
appropriate Ansible Server.

R-61354: The VNF **MUST** implement access control list for OA&M services
(e.g., restricting access to certain ports or applications).

R-62468: The VNF **MUST** allow all configuration data to be edited through
a NETCONF <edit-config> operation. Proprietary NETCONF RPCs that make
configuration changes are not sufficient.

R-34552: The VNF **MUST** provide or support the Identity and Access
Management (IDAM) based threat detection data for OWASP Top 10.

R-29977: The VNF **MUST** provide the capability of testing the validity of
a digital certificate by validating the CA signature on the certificate.

R-67709: The VNF **MUST** be designed, built and packaged to enable
deployment across multiple fault zones (e.g., VNFCs deployed in different
servers, racks, OpenStack regions, geographies) so that in the event of a
planned/unplanned downtime of a fault zone, the overall operation/throughput
of the VNF is maintained.

R-46567: The VNF Package **MUST** include configuration scripts for boot
sequence and configuration.

R-55345: The VNF **SHOULD** use techniques such as “lazy loading” when
initialization includes loading catalogues and/or lists which can grow over
time, so that the VNF startup time does not grow at a rate proportional to
that of the list.

R-88482: The VNF **SHOULD** use REST using HTTPS delivery of plain text
JSON for moderate sized asynchronous data sets, and for high volume data
sets when feasible.

R-56786: The VNF **MUST** implement “Closed Loop” automatic implementation
(without human intervention) for Known Threats with detection rate in low
false positives.

R-94525: The VNF **MUST** log connections to a network listener of the
resource.

R-26371: The VNF **MUST** detect connectivity failure for inter VNFC instance
and intra/inter VNF and re-establish connectivity automatically to maintain
the VNF without manual intervention to provide service continuity.

R-35851: The VNF Package **MUST** include VNF topology that describes basic
network and application connectivity internal and external to the VNF
including Link type, KPIs, Bandwidth, latency, jitter, QoS (if applicable)
for each interface.

R-29301: The VNF **MUST** provide or support the Identity and Access
Management (IDAM) based threat detection data for Password Attacks.

R-23957: The VNF **MUST** include the field “time” in the Security alarms
(where applicable and technically feasible).

R-32636: The VNF **MUST** support API-based monitoring to take care of the
scenarios where the control interfaces are not exposed, or are optimized
and proprietary in nature.

R-39562: The VNF **MUST** disable unnecessary or vulnerable cgi-bin programs.

R-77334: The VNF **MUST** allow configurations and configuration parameters
to be managed under version control to ensure consistent configuration
deployment, traceability and rollback.

R-44723: The VNF **MUST** use symmetric keys of at least 112 bits in length.

R-86585: The VNFC **SHOULD** minimize the use of state within a VNFC to
facilitate the movement of traffic from one instance to another.

R-18725: The VNF **MUST** handle the restart of a single VNFC instance
without requiring all VNFC instances to be restarted.

R-53317: The VNF **MUST** conform its YANG model to RFC 6087,
“Guidelines for Authors and Reviewers of YANG Data Model Documents”.

R-67114: The VNF **MUST** be installed with:

R-28168: The VNF **SHOULD** use an appropriately configured logging level
that can be changed dynamically, so as to not cause performance degradation
of the VNF due to excessive logging.

R-54930: The VNF **MUST** implement the following input validation control:
Do not permit input that contains content or characters inappropriate to the
input expected by the design. Inappropriate input, such as SQL insertions,
may cause the system to execute undesirable and unauthorized transactions
against the database or allow other inappropriate access to the internal
network.

R-55830: The VNF **MUST** distribute all production code from NCSP internal
sources only. No production code, libraries, OS images, etc. shall be
distributed from publically accessible depots.

R-22367: The VNF **MUST** support detection of malformed packets due to
software misconfiguration or software vulnerability.

R-93860: The VNF **MUST** provide the capability to integrate with an
external encryption service.

R-09467: The VNF **MUST**  utilize only NCSP standard compute flavors. [5]_

R-62170: The VNF **MUST** over-ride any default values for configurable
parameters that can be set by ONAP in the roles, cookbooks and recipes.

R-41994: The VNF **MUST**, if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API, comply with
"No Self-Signed Certificates" policy. Self-signed certificates must be used
for encryption only, using specified and approved encryption protocols such
as TLS 1.2 or higher or equivalent security protocols such as IPSec, AES.

R-38474: The VNF **MUST** have a corresponding environment file for
a Base Module.

R-81725: The VNF **MUST** have a corresponding environment file for
an Incremental Module.

R-53433: The VNF **MUST** have a corresponding environment file for a
Cinder Volume Module.

R-84160: The VNF **MUST** have security logging for VNFs and their OSs be
active from initialization. Audit logging includes automatic routines to
maintain activity records and cleanup programs to ensure the integrity of
the audit/logging systems.

R-99656: The VNF **MUST** NOT terminate stable sessions if a VNFC instance
fails.

R-80898: The VNF **MUST** support heartbeat via a <get> with null filter.

R-20974: The VNF **MUST** deploy the base module first, prior to the
incremental modules.

R-69610: The VNF **MUST** provide the capability of using certificates
issued from a Certificate Authority not provided by the VNF provider.

R-27310: The VNF Package **MUST** include all relevant Chef artifacts
(roles/cookbooks/recipes) required to execute VNF actions requested by
ONAP for loading on appropriate Chef Server.

R-98191: The VNF **MUST** vary the frequency that asynchronous data is
delivered based on the content and how data may be aggregated or grouped
together. For example, alarms and alerts are expected to be delivered as
soon as they appear. In contrast, other content, such as performance
measurements, KPIs or reported network signaling may have various ways of
packaging and delivering content. Some content should be streamed immediately;
or content may be monitored over a time interval, then packaged as collection
of records and delivered as block; or data may be collected until a package of
a certain size has been collected; or content may be summarized statistically
over a time interval, or computed as a KPI, with the summary or KPI being
delivered.

R-31412: The VNF **MUST** provide or support the Identity and Access
Management (IDAM) based threat detection data for XSS / CSRF.

R-58775: The VNF provider **MUST** provide software components that can be
packaged with/near the VNF, if needed, to simulate any functions or systems
that connect to the VNF system under test. This component is necessary only
if the existing testing environment does not have the necessary simulators.

R-45496: The VNF **MUST** host connectors for access to the OS
(Operating System) layer.

R-13151: The VNF **SHOULD** disable the paging of the data requiring
encryption, if possible, where the encryption of non-transient data is
required on a device for which the operating system performs paging to
virtual memory. If not possible to disable the paging of the data requiring
encryption, the virtual memory should be encrypted.

R-49308: The VNF **SHOULD** test for adherence to the defined resiliency
rating recommendation at each layer, during each delivery cycle with
delivered results, so that the resiliency rating is measured and the code
is adjusted to meet software resiliency requirements.

R-74763: The VNF provider **MUST** provide an artifact per VNF that contains
all of the VNF Event Records supported. The artifact should include reference
to the specific release of the VNF Event Stream Common Event Data Model
document it is based on. (e.g., `VES Event Listener <https://github.com/att/evel-test-collector/tree/master/docs/att_interface_definition>`__)

R-54373: The VNF **MUST** have Python >= 2.7 on the endpoint VM(s) of a
VNF on which an Ansible playbook will be executed.

R-60106: The VNF **MUST** implement the protocol operation:
**get(filter)** - Retrieve (a filtered subset of) the running configuration
and device state information. This should include the list of VNF supported
schemas.

R-95864: The VNF **MUST** use commercial tools that comply with X.509
standards and produce x.509 compliant keys for public/private key generation.

R-23475: The VNF **SHOULD** utilize only NCSP provided Guest OS images. [5]_

R-64503: The VNF **MUST** provide minimum privileges for initial and
default settings for new user accounts.

R-42681: The VNF **MUST** use the NCSP’s IDAM API or comply with the
requirements if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API, for identification,
authentication and access control of OA&M and other system level functions.

R-19219: The VNF **MUST** provide audit logs that include user ID, dates,
times for log-on and log-off, and terminal location at minimum.

R-73067: The VNF **MUST** use industry standard cryptographic algorithms
and standard modes of operations when implementing cryptography.

R-25878: The VNF **MUST** use certificates issued from publicly recognized
Certificate Authorities (CA) for the authentication process where PKI-based
authentication is used.

R-70266: The VNF **MUST** respond to an ONAP request to deliver the current
data for any of the record types defined in Section 8.d “Data Model for
Event Records” by returning the requested record, populated with the current
field values. (Currently the defined record types include the common header
record, technology independent records such as Fault, Heartbeat, State Change,
Syslog, and technology specific records such as Mobile Flow, Signaling and
Voice Quality records.  Additional record types will be added in the future
as they are standardized and become available.)

R-70496: The VNF **MUST** implement the protocol operation:
**commit(confirmed, confirm-timeout)** - Commit candidate configuration
datastore to the running configuration.

R-19624: The VNF **MUST** encode and serialize content delivered to ONAP
using JSON (option 1). High-volume data is to be encoded and serialized
using Avro, where Avro data format are described using JSON (option 2) [6]_.

R-25094: The VNF **MUST** perform data capture for security functions.

R-44032: The VNF **MUST** provide or support the Identity and Access
Management (IDAM) based threat detection data for Man in the Middle (MITM).

R-47068: The VNF **MAY** expose a single endpoint that is responsible for
all functionality.

R-49396: The VNF **MUST** support each VNF action by invocation of **one**
playbook [7]_. The playbook will be responsible for executing all necessary
tasks (as well as calling other playbooks) to complete the request.

R-63953: The VNF **MUST** have the echo command return a zero value
otherwise the validation has failed

R-56904: The VNF **MUST** interoperate with the ONAP (SDN) Controller so that
it can dynamically modify the firewall rules, ACL rules, QoS rules, virtual
routing and forwarding rules.

R-37929: The VNF **MUST** accept all necessary instance specific data
from the environment or node object attributes for the VNF in
roles/cookbooks/recipes invoked for a VNF action.

R-84366: The VNF Package **MUST** include documentation describing VNF
Functional APIs that are utilized to build network and application services.
This document describes the externally exposed functional inputs and outputs
for the VNF, including interface format and protocols supported.

R-58421: The VNF **SHOULD** be decomposed into granular re-usable VNFCs.

R-27711: The VNF provider **MUST** provide an XML file that contains a
list of VNF error codes, descriptions of the error, and possible
causes/corrective action.

R-78282: The VNF **MUST** conform to the NETCONF RFC 6242, “Using the
Network Configuration Protocol over Secure Shell”.

R-99766: The VNF **MUST** allow configurations and configuration parameters
to be managed under version control to ensure the ability to rollback to a
known valid configuration.

R-89010: The VNF **MUST** survive any single points of software failure
internal to the VNF (e.g., in memory structures, JMS message queues).

R-77667: The VNF **MUST** test for adherence to the defined performance
budget at each layer, during each delivery cycle so that the performance
budget is measured and feedback is provided where the performance budget
is not met.

R-21652: The VNF **MUST** implement the following input validation control:
Check the size (length) of all input. Do not permit an amount of input so
great that it would cause the VNF to fail. Where the input may be a file,
the VNF API must enforce a size limit.

R-54190: The VNF **MUST** release locks to prevent permanent lock-outs
when/if a session applying the lock is terminated (e.g., SSH session
is terminated).

R-12271: The VNF **SHOULD** conform its YANG model to RFC 7223,
“IANA Interface Type YANG Module”.

R-25547: The VNF **MUST** log the field “protocol” in the security audit logs.

R-22286: The VNF **MUST** support Integration functionality via
API/Syslog/SNMP to other functional modules in the network
(e.g., PCRF, PCEF) that enable dynamic security control by blocking the
malicious traffic or malicious end users

R-16560: The VNF **MUST** conduct a resiliency impact assessment for all
inter/intra-connectivity points in the VNF to provide an overall resiliency
rating for the VNF to be incorporated into the software design and
development of the VNF.

R-99112: The VNF **MUST** provide the capability to restrict access to
data to specific users.

R-02997: The VNF **MUST** preserve their persistent data. Running VMs
will not be backed up in the Network Cloud infrastructure.

R-19367: The VNF **MUST** monitor API invocation patterns to detect
anomalous access patterns that may represent fraudulent access or other
types of attacks, or integrate with tools that implement anomaly and abuse
detection.

R-33981: The VNF **SHOULD** interoperate with various access control
mechanisms for the Network Cloud execution environment (e.g., Hypervisors,
containers).

R-26881: The VNF provider **MUST** provide the binaries and images
needed to instantiate the VNF (VNF and VNFC images).

R-69565: The VNF Package **MUST** include documentation describing VNF
Management APIs. The document must include information and tools for:

R-92571: The VNF **MUST** provide operational instrumentation such as
logging, so as to facilitate quick resolution of issues with the VNF to
provide service continuity.

R-29488: The VNF **MUST** implement the protocol operation:
**get-config(source, filter)** - Retrieve a (filtered subset of a)
configuration from the configuration datastore source.

R-03070: The VNF **MUST**, by ONAP Policy, provide the ONAP addresses as
data destinations for each VNF, and may be changed by Policy while the VNF
is in operation. We expect the VNF to be capable of redirecting traffic to
changed destinations with no loss of data, for example from one REST URL
to another, or from one TCP host and port to another.

R-89800: The VNF **MUST NOT** require Hypervisor-level customization from
the cloud provider.

R-12110: The VNF **MUST NOT** use keys generated or derived from
predictable functions or values, e.g., values considered predictable
include user identity information, time of day, stored/transmitted data.

R-03954: The VNF **MUST** survive any single points of failure within
the Network Cloud (e.g., virtual NIC, VM, disk failure).

R-98391: The VNF **MUST**, if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API, support
Role-Based Access Control to permit/limit the user/application to performing
specific activities.

R-29967: The VNF **MUST** conform its YANG model to RFC 6022, “YANG
module for NETCONF monitoring”.

R-80335: The VNF **MUST** make visible a Warning Notice: A formal statement
of resource intent, i.e., a warning notice, upon initial access to a VNF
provider user who accesses private internal networks or Company computer
resources, e.g., upon initial logon to an internal web site, system or
application which requires authentication.

R-48596: The VNF Package **MUST** include documentation describing the
characteristics for the VNF reliability and high availability.

R-49956: The VNF **MUST** pass all access to applications (Bearer, signaling
and OA&M) through various security tools and platforms from ACLs, stateful
firewalls and application layer gateways depending on manner of deployment.
The application is expected to function (and in some cases, interwork) with
these security tools.

R-02616: The VNF **MUST** permit locking at the finest granularity if a VNF
needs to lock an object for configuration to avoid blocking simultaneous
configuration operations on unrelated objects (e.g., BGP configuration
should not be locked out if an interface is being configured or entire
Interface configuration should not be locked out if a non-overlapping
parameter on the interface is being configured).

R-15659: The VNF **MUST** restrict changing the criticality level of a
system security alarm to administrator(s).

R-96634: The VNF provider **MUST** describe scaling capabilities to
manage scaling characteristics of the VNF.

R-32641: The VNF **MUST** provide the capability to encrypt data
on non-volatile memory.

R-48470: The VNF **MUST** support Real-time detection and notification
of security events.

R-41825: The VNF **MUST** activate security alarms automatically when the
following event is detected: configurable number of consecutive unsuccessful
login attempts

R-52870: The VNF **MUST** provide a method of metrics gathering and analysis
to evaluate the resiliency of the software from both a granular as well as a
holistic standpoint. This includes, but is not limited to thread utilization,
errors, timeouts, and retries.

R-89474: The VNF **MUST** log the field “Login ID” in the security audit logs.

R-13390: The VNF provider **MUST** provide cookbooks to be loaded on
the appropriate Chef Server.

R-24825: The VNF **MUST** provide Context awareness data (device,
location, time, etc.) and be able to integrate with threat detection system.

R-23882: The VNF **SHOULD** be scanned using both network scanning and
application scanning security tools on all code, including underlying OS
and related configuration. Scan reports shall be provided. Remediation
roadmaps shall be made available for any findings.

R-22946: The VNF **SHOULD** conform its YANG model to RFC 6536,
“NETCONF Access Control Model”.

R-89753: The VNF **MUST NOT** install or use systems, tools or utilities
capable of capturing or logging data that was not created by them or sent
specifically to them in production, without authorization of the VNF
system owner.

R-88899: The VNF **MUST** support simultaneous <commit> operations within
the context of this locking requirements framework.

R-96554: The VNF **MUST** implement the protocol operation: **unlock(target)**
- Unlock the configuration datastore target.

R-27995: The VNF **SHOULD** include control loop mechanisms to notify the
consumer of the VNF of their exceeding SLA thresholds so the consumer is
able to control its load against the VNF.

R-31809: The VNF **MUST** support the HealthCheck RPC. The HealthCheck RPC,
executes a VNF providor-defined VNF Healthcheck over the scope of the entire
VNF (e.g., if there are multiple VNFCs, then run a health check, as
appropriate, for all VNFCs). It returns a 200 OK if the test completes. A
JSON object is returned indicating state (healthy, unhealthy), scope
identifier, time-stamp and one or more blocks containing info and fault
information. If the VNF is unable to run the HealthCheck, return a standard
http error code and message.

R-25401: The VNF **MUST** use asymmetric keys of at least 2048 bits in length.

R-31961: The VNF **MUST** support integrated DPI/monitoring functionality
as part of VNFs (e.g., PGW, MME).

R-47597: The VNF **MUST** carry data in motion only over secure connections.

R-43253: The VNF **MUST** use playbooks designed to allow Ansible Server
to infer failure or success based on the “PLAY_RECAP” capability.

R-23135: The VNF **MUST**, if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API, authenticate
system to system communications where one system accesses the resources
of another system, and must never conceal individual accountability.

R-99730: The VNF **MUST** include the field “Login ID” in the
Security alarms (where applicable and technically feasible).

R-88199: The VNF **MUST** utilize virtualized, scalable open source
database software that can meet the performance/latency requirements
of the service for all datastores.

R-08598: The VNF **MUST** log successful and unsuccessful changes to a
privilege level.

R-87352: The VNF **SHOULD** utilize Cloud health checks, when available
from the Network Cloud, from inside the application through APIs to check
the network connectivity, dropped packets rate, injection, and auto failover
to alternate sites if needed.

R-56920: The VNF **MUST** protect all security audit logs (including API,
OS and application-generated logs), security audit software, data, and
associated documentation from modification, or unauthorized viewing, by
standard OS access control mechanisms, by sending to a remote system,
or by encryption.

R-35291: The VNF **MUST** support the ability to failover a VNFC automatically
to other geographically redundant sites if not deployed active-active to
increase the overall resiliency of the VNF.

R-43332: The VNF **MUST** activate security alarms automatically when the
following event is detected: successful modification of critical system
or application files

R-81147: The VNF **MUST** have greater restrictions for access and
execution, such as up to 3 factors of authentication and restricted
authorization, for commands affecting network services, such as
commands relating to VNFs.

R-60656: The VNF **MUST** support sub tree filtering.

R-51883: The VNF **MUST** provide or support the Identity and Access
Management (IDAM) based threat detection data for Replay.

R-66070: The VNF Package **MUST** include VNF Identification Data to
uniquely identify the resource for a given VNF provider. The identification
data must include: an identifier for the VNF, the name of the VNF as was
given by the VNF provider, VNF description, VNF provider, and version.

R-19804: The VNF **MUST** validate the CA signature on the certificate,
ensure that the date is within the validity period of the certificate,
check the Certificate Revocation List (CRL), and recognize the identity
represented by the certificate where PKI-based authentication is used.

R-06327: The VNF **MUST** respond to a "drain VNFC" [2]_ command against a
specific VNFC, preventing new session from reaching the targeted VNFC, with
no disruption to active sessions on the impacted VNFC, if a VNF provides a
load balancing function across multiple instances of its VNFCs. This is used
to support scenarios such as proactive maintenance with no user impact.

R-85653: The VNF **MUST** provide metrics (e.g., number of sessions,number
of subscribers, number of seats, etc.) to ONAP for tracking every license.

R-63330: The VNF **MUST** detect when the security audit log storage medium
is approaching capacity (configurable) and issue an alarm via SMS or
equivalent as to allow time for proper actions to be taken to pre-empt
loss of audit data.

R-22645: The VNF **SHOULD** use commercial algorithms only when there are
no applicable governmental standards for specific cryptographic functions,
e.g., public key cryptography, message digests.

R-22888: The VNF provider **MUST** provide documentation for the VNF Policy
Description to manage the VNF runtime lifecycle. The document must include
a description of how the policies (conditions and actions) are implemented
in the VNF.

R-78066: The VNF **MUST** support requests for information from law
enforcement and government agencies.

R-35144: The VNF **MUST**, if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API, comply with
the NCSP’s credential management policy.

R-85959: The VNF **SHOULD** automatically enable/disable added/removed
sub-components or component so there is no manual intervention required.

R-28756: The VNF **MUST** support **:partial-lock** and **:partial-unlock**
capabilities, defined in RFC 5717. This allows multiple independent clients
to each write to a different part of the <running> configuration at the
same time.

R-41252: The VNF **MUST** support the capability of online storage of
security audit logs.

R-77707: The VNF provider **MUST** include a Manifest File that contains
a list of all the components in the VNF package.

R-20860: The VNF **MUST** be agnostic to the underlying infrastructure
(such as hardware, host OS, Hypervisor), any requirements should be provided
as specification to be fulfilled by any hardware.

R-01478: The VNF Package **MUST** include documentation describing all
parameters that are available to monitor the VNF after instantiation
(includes all counters, OIDs, PM data, KPIs, etc.) that must be collected
for reporting purposes. The documentation must include a list of:

R-22059: The VNF **MUST NOT** execute long running tasks (e.g., IO, database,
network operations, service calls) in a critical section of code, so as to
minimize blocking of other operations and increase concurrent throughput.

R-30650: The VNF **MUST** utilize cloud provided infrastructure and VNFs
(e.g., virtualized Local Load Balancer) as part of the VNF so that the cloud
can manage and provide a consistent service resiliency and methods across
all VNF's.

R-30654: The VNF Package **MUST** have appropriate cookbooks that are
designed to automatically ‘rollback’ to the original state in case of
any errors for actions that change state of the VNF (e.g., configure).

R-29705: The VNF **MUST** restrict changing the criticality level of a
system security alarm to administrator(s).

R-71787: The VNF **MUST** comply with Segregation of Duties (access to a
single layer and no developer may access production without special oversight)
when persons or non-person entities access VNFs.

R-86758: The VNF **SHOULD** provide an automated test suite to validate every
new version of the software on the target environment(s). The tests should be
of sufficient granularity to independently test various representative VNF use
cases throughout its lifecycle. Operations might choose to invoke these tests
either on a scheduled basis or on demand to support various operations
functions including test, turn-up and troubleshooting.

R-06885: The VNF **SHOULD** support the ability to scale down a VNFC pool
without jeopardizing active sessions. Ideally, an active session should not
be tied to any particular VNFC instance.

R-06924: The VNF **MUST** deliver asynchronous data as data becomes available,
or according to the configured frequency.

R-65134: The VNF **SHOULD** maintain state in a geographically redundant
datastore that may, in fact, be its own VNFC.

R-13627: The VNF **MUST** monitor API invocation patterns to detect anomalous
access patterns that may represent fraudulent access or other types of attacks,
or integrate with tools that implement anomaly and abuse detection.

R-86455: The VNF **SHOULD** support hosting connectors for OS Level and
Application Access.

R-68990: The VNF **MUST** support the **:startup** capability. It will allow
the running configuration to be copied to this special database. It can also
be locked and unlocked.

R-78010: The VNF **MUST** use the NCSP’s IDAM API for Identification,
authentication and access control of customer or VNF application users.

R-46986: The VNF **SHOULD** have source code scanned using scanning tools
(e.g., Fortify) and provide reports.

R-97293: The VNF provider **MUST NOT** require audits of Service Provider’s
business.

R-16065: The VNF provider **MUST** provide configurable parameters (if unable
to conform to YANG model) including VNF attributes/parameters and valid values,
dynamic attributes and cross parameter dependencies (e.g., customer
provisioning data).

R-34484: The VNF **SHOULD** create a single component VNF for VNFCs that can
be used by other VNFs.

R-30278: The VNF provider **MUST** provide a Resource/Device YANG model as a
foundation for creating the YANG model for configuration. This will include
VNF attributes/parameters and valid values/attributes configurable by policy.

R-35401: The VNF **MUST** must support SSH and allow SSH access to the Ansible
server for the endpoint VM(s) and comply with the  Network Cloud Service
Provider guidelines for authentication and access.

R-68200: The VNF **MUST** support the **:url** value to specify protocol
operation source and target parameters. The capability URI for this feature
will indicate which schemes (e.g., file, https, sftp) that the server supports
within a particular URL value. The 'file' scheme allows for editable local
configuration databases. The other schemes allow for remote storage of
configuration databases.

R-41159: The VNF **MUST** deliver any and all functionality from any VNFC
in the pool. The VNFC pool member should be transparent to the client.
Upstream and downstream clients should only recognize the function being
performed, not the member performing it.

R-18864: The VNF **MUST** NOT use technologies that bypass virtualization
layers (such as SR-IOV) unless approved by the NCSP (e.g., if necessary to
meet functional or performance requirements).

R-37028: The VNF **MUST** be composed of one “base” module.

R-40827: The VNF provider **MUST** enumerate all of the open source licenses
their VNF(s) incorporate.

R-95950: The VNF **MUST** provide a NETCONF interface fully defined by
supplied YANG models for the embedded NETCONF server.

R-10716: The VNF **MUST** support parallel and simultaneous configuration
of separate objects within itself.

R-71842: The VNF **MUST** include the field “service or program used for
access” in the Security alarms (where applicable and technically feasible).

R-54430: The VNF **MUST** use the NCSP’s supported library and compute flavor
that supports DPDK to optimize network efficiency if using DPDK. [5]_

R-03465: The VNF **MUST** release locks to prevent permanent lock-outs when
the corresponding <partial-unlock> operation succeeds.

R-65755: The VNF **SHOULD** support callback URLs to return information to
ONAP upon completion of the chef-client run for any chef-client run
associated with a VNF action.

R-11499: The VNF **MUST** fully support the XPath 1.0 specification for
filtered retrieval of configuration and other database contents. The 'type'
attribute within the <filter> parameter for <get> and <get-config> operations
may be set to 'xpath'. The 'select' attribute (which contains the XPath
expression) will also be supported by the server. A server may support
partial XPath retrieval filtering, but it cannot advertise the **:xpath**
capability unless the entire XPath 1.0 specification is supported.

R-95105: The VNF **MUST** host connectors for access to the application layer.

R-77157: The VNF **MUST** conform to approved request, workflow authorization,
and authorization provisioning requirements when creating privileged users.

R-63473: The VNF **MUST** automatically advertise newly scaled components
so there is no manual intervention required.

R-13613: The VNF **MUST** provide clear measurements for licensing purposes
to allow automated scale up/down by the management system.

R-66793: The VNF **MUST** guarantee the VNF configuration integrity for
all simultaneous configuration operations (e.g., if a change is attempted to
the BUM filter rate from multiple interfaces on the same EVC, then they need
to be sequenced in the VNF without locking either configuration method out).

R-19790: The VNF **MUST NOT** include authentication credentials in
security audit logs, even if encrypted.

R-97529: The VNF **SHOULD** implement the protocol operation:
**get-schema(identifier, version, format) -** Retrieve the YANG schema.

R-84473: The VNF **MUST** enable DPDK in the guest OS for VNF’s requiring
high packets/sec performance.  High packet throughput is defined as greater
than 500K packets/sec.

R-54816: The VNF **MUST** support the storage of security audit logs for
agreed period of time for forensic analysis.

R-34957: The VNF **MUST** provide a method of metrics gathering for each
layer's performance to identify/document variances in the allocations so
they can be addressed.

R-43958: The VNF Package **MUST** include documentation describing the
tests that were conducted by the VNF provider and the test results.

R-61648: The VNF **MUST** support event logging, formats, and delivery
tools to provide the required degree of event data to ONAP

R-18525: The VNF provider **MUST** provide a JSON file for each supported
action for the VNF.  The JSON file must contain key value pairs with all
relevant values populated with sample data that illustrates its usage. The
fields and their description are defined in Appendix A.

R-99174: The VNF **MUST** comply with Individual Accountability
(each person must be assigned a unique ID) when persons or non-person
entities access VNFs.

R-99771: The VNF **MUST** provide all code/configuration files in a
“Locked down” or hardened state or with documented recommendations for
such hardening. All unnecessary services will be disabled. VNF provider
default credentials, community strings and other such artifacts will be
removed or disclosed so that they can be modified or removed during
provisioning.

R-58358: The VNF **MUST** implement the **:with-defaults**
capability [RFC6243].

R-78116: The VNF **MUST** update status on the Chef Server appropriately
(e.g., via a fail or raise an exception) if the chef-client run encounters
any critical errors/failures when executing a VNF action.

R-84879: The VNF **MUST** have the capability of maintaining a primary and
backup DNS name (URL) for connecting to ONAP collectors, with the ability to
switch between addresses based on conditions defined by policy such as
time-outs, and buffering to store messages until they can be delivered.
At its discretion, the service provider may choose to populate only one
collector address for a VNF. In this case, the network will promptly resolve
connectivity problems caused by a collector or network failure transparently
to the VNF.

R-06413: The VNF **MUST** log the field “service or program used for access”
in the security audit logs.

R-51442: The VNF **SHOULD** use playbooks that are designed to automatically
‘rollback’ to the original state in case of any errors for actions that change
state of the VNF (e.g., configure).

R-98989: The VNF **SHOULD** utilize resource pooling (threads, connections,
etc.)within the VNF application so that resources are not being created
and destroyed resulting in resource management overhead.

R-58998: The VNF **MUST** provide or support the Identity and Access Management
(IDAM) based threat detection data for Malware (Key Logger).

R-52499: The VNF **MUST** meet their own resiliency goals and not rely
on the Network Cloud.

R-43327: The VNF **SHOULD** use “Modeling JSON text with YANG”,
https://trac.tools.ietf.org/id/draft-lhotka-netmod-yang-json-00.html,
If YANG models need to be translated to and from JSON. YANG configuration
and content can be represented via JSON, consistent with Avro, as described
in “Encoding and Serialization” section.

R-52060: The VNF **MUST** provide the capability to configure encryption
algorithms or devices so that they comply with the laws of the jurisdiction
in which there are plans to use data encryption.

R-10353: The VNF **MUST** conform its YANG model to RFC 6244,
“An Architecture for Network Management Using NETCONF and YANG”.

R-26586: The VNF **SHOULD** support the ability to work with aliases
(e.g., gateways, proxies) to protect and encapsulate resources.

R-14025: The VNF **MUST** provide or support the Identity and Access
Management (IDAM) based threat detection data for Session Hijacking.

R-86835: The VNF **MUST** set the default settings for user access to
sensitive commands and data to deny authorization.

R-73583: The VNF **MUST** allow changes of configuration parameters to be
consumed by the VNF without requiring the VNF or its sub-components to be
bounced so that the VNF availability is not effected.

R-73223: The VNF **MUST** support proactive monitoring to detect and report
the attacks on resources so that the VNFs and associated VMs can be isolated,
such as detection techniques for resource exhaustion, namely OS resource
attacks, CPU attacks, consumption of kernel memory, local storage attacks.

R-06668: The VNF **MUST** handle the start or restart of VNFC instances in
any order with each VNFC instance establishing or re-establishing required
connections or relationships with other VNFC instances and/or VNFs required
to perform the VNF function/role without requiring VNFC instance(s) to be
started/restarted in a particular order.

R-41215: The VNF **MAY** have zero to many “incremental” modules.

R-85991: The VNF provider **MUST** provide a universal license key per VNF to
be used as needed by services (i.e., not tied to a VM instance) as the
recommended solution. The VNF provider may provide pools of Unique VNF
License Keys, where there is a unique key for each VNF instance as an
alternate solution. Licensing issues should be resolved without interrupting
in-service VNFs.

R-52085: The VNF **MUST**, if not using the NCSP’s IDAM API, provide the
ability to support Multi-Factor Authentication (e.g., 1st factor = Software
token on device (RSA SecureID); 2nd factor = User Name+Password, etc.)
for the users.

R-29495: The VNF **MUST** support locking if a common object is being
manipulated by two simultaneous NETCONF configuration operations on the
same VNF within the context of the same writable running data store
(e.g., if an interface parameter is being configured then it should be
locked out for configuration by a simultaneous configuration operation
on that same interface parameter).

R-31751: The VNF **MUST** subject VNF provider VNF access to privilege
reconciliation tools to prevent access creep and ensure correct enforcement
of access policies.

R-48698: The VNF **MUST** utilize   information from key value pairs that
will be provided by the Ansible Server as extra-vars during invocation
to execute the desired VNF action. If the playbook requires files,
they must also be supplied using the methodology detailed in the
Ansible Server API.

R-44290: The VNF **MUST** control access to ONAP and to VNFs, and creation of
connections, through secure credentials, log-on and exchange mechanisms.

R-40293: The VNF **MUST** make available (or load on VNF Ansible Server)
playbooks that conform to the ONAP requirement.

R-30932: The VNF **MUST** provide security audit logs including records of
successful and rejected system access data and other resource access attempts.

R-12538: The VNF **SHOULD** support load balancing and discovery mechanisms
in resource pools containing VNFC instances.

R-59610: The VNF **MUST** implement the data model discovery and download
as defined in [RFC6022].

R-49945: The VNF **MUST** authorize VNF provider access through a
client application API by the client application owner and the
resource owner of the VNF before provisioning authorization through
Role Based Access Control (RBAC), Attribute Based Access Control (ABAC),
or other policy based mechanism.

R-20912: The VNF **MUST** support alternative monitoring capabilities
when VNFs do not expose data or control traffic or use proprietary
and optimized protocols for inter VNF communication.


Ansible Playbook Examples
-----------------------------------------------

The following sections contain examples of Ansible playbook contents
which follow the guidelines.

Guidelines for Playbooks to properly integrate with APPC
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

NOTE: To support concurrent requests to multiple VNF instances of same
or different type, VNF hosts and other files with VNF specific default
values are kept or created in separate directories.

Example of an Ansible command (after pwd) to run playbook again
vfdb9904v VNF instance:

.. code-block:: none

 $ pwd
 /storage/vfdb/V16.1/ansible/configure
 $ ansible-playbook -i ../inventory/vfdb9904v/hosts site.yml --extra-vars "vnf_instance=vfdb9904v"

Example of corresponding APPC API Call from ONAP – Ansible Server
Specifications:

An example POST for requesting execution of configure Playbook:

.. code-block:: none

 {"Id": "10", "PlaybookName":
 "/storage/vfdb/latest/ansible/configure/site.yml", "NodeList":
 ["vfdb9904v"], "Timeout": 60, "EnvParameters": {"Retry": 3, "Wait": 5},
 "LocalParameters": {"vfdb9904v": {"T_true": 10, "T_false": 5,
 "T_nfo": 5}}}

Comments:

-  An ID number is assigned to each request. This ID number is used to
   track request down to completion and provide status to APPC when
   requested.

-  Playbook Name provided in the request (full path in this case)

-  Playbook path (in this example provided as part of playbook name as
   full path) or, later in a separate variable, playbook root directory
   needs to be part of APPC template.

Ansible Playbooks will use the VNF instance name (passed using
--extra-vars "vnf\_instance=vfdb9904v") to identify other default values
to run the playbook(s) against the target VNF instance. Same example as
above:

.. code-block:: none

 $ ansible-playbook -i ../inventory/vfdb9904v/hosts site.yml --extra-vars "vnf_instance=vfdb9904v"

SSH key info (name/path), used to authenticate with the VNF VMs, is one
of the attributes stored in the Ansible Server inventory hosts file for
the VNF instance and later will be passed down by APPC, in the inventory
hosts file, to the Ansible Server as part of the request. Here hosts
file to run ansible-playbook listed in this example above (IP addresses
were scrubbed):

.. code-block:: none

 $ more ../inventory/vfdb9904v/hosts
 [host]
 localhost ansible_connection=local

 [oam]
 1xx.2yy.zzz.109 ansible_ssh_private_key_file=/storage/.ssh/Kilo-SSH-Key.pem
 1xx.2yy.zzz.110 ansible_ssh_private_key_file=/storage/.ssh/Kilo-SSH-Key.pem

 [rdb]
 1xx.2yy.zzz.105 ansible_ssh_private_key_file=/storage/.ssh/Kilo-SSH-Key.pem
 1xx.2yy.zzz.106 ansible_ssh_private_key_file=/storage/.ssh/Kilo-SSH-Key.pem

NOTE: APPC requests to run Playbooks/Cookbooks are specific to a VNF,
but could be more limited to one VM or one type of VM by the request
parameters. Actions that may impact a site (LCP), a service, or an
entire platform must be orchestrated by MSO in order to execute requests
via APPC which then invoke VNF level playbooks. Playbooks that impact
more than a single VNF are not the current focus of these guidelines.

And here the scrubbed default arguments for this VNF instance:

.. code-block:: none

 vnf_instance=vfdb9904v

 $ more ../vars/vfdb9904v/default_args.yml
 vnf_provider_network_network: d69fea03-xxx-yyy-zzz-nnnnnnnnnnnn
 vnf_provider_network_subnet: a07f6a3d-xxxx-yyy-zzz-ssssssssssss
 vm_config_oam_vnfc_name: vfdb9904vm001oam001
 vm_config_oam_hostname: vfdb9904vm001
 vm_config_oam_provider_ip_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.109
 …

IMPORTANT: The APPC and default file attribute name for
vm\_config\_oam\_vnfc\_name, as an example, is derived from vm\_config
array structure (list) in the CSAR package ENV file, with dots replaced
by underscore:

.. code-block:: none

 vm_config:

 oam: {vnfc_name: {{ vm_config_oam_vnfc_name }}, hostname: {{
 vm_config_oam_hostname }}, provider_ip_address: {{
 vm_config_oam_provider_ip_address }
 },
 …

Parameters like VNF names, VNFC names, OA&M IP addresses, after
February, 2018 ONAP release, will be extracted from A&AI by APPC and
then passed down to Ansible Server, as part of APPC request through REST
API. In the meantime, these VNF instance specific required values, will
be stored on VNF instance directory, default arguments file and will be
used as defaults. For parameterized playbooks attribute-value pairs
passed down by APPC to Ansible Server always take precedence over
template or VNF instance specific defaults stored in defaults file(s).

.. code-block:: none

 $ pwd
 /storage/vfdb/latest/ansible

 $ more vars/vfdb9904v/default_args.yml

 vm_config_oam1_vnfc_name: vfdb9904vm001oam001
 vm_config_oam1_hostname: vfdb9904vm001
 vm_config_oam1_provider_ip_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.109

 vm_config_oam2_vnfc_name: vfdb9904vm002oam001
 vm_config_oam2_hostname: vfdb9904vm002
 vm_config_oam2_provider_ip_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.110

 vm_config_rdb1_vnfc_name: vfdb9904vm003rdb001
 vm_config_rdb1_hostname: vfdb9904vm003
 vm_config_rdb1_provider_ip_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.105

 vm_config_rdb2_vnfc_name: vfdb9904vm004rdb001
 vm_config_rdb2_hostname: vfdb9904vm004
 vm_config_rdb2_provider_ip_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.106

 vm_config_rdb3_vnfc_name: vfdb9904vm005rdb001
 vm_config_rdb3_hostname: vfdb9904vm005
 vm_config_rdb3_provider_ip_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.xxx

 vm_config_rdb4_vnfc_name: vfdb9904vm006rdb001
 vm_config_rdb4_hostname: vfdb9904vm006
 vm_config_rdb4_provider_ip_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.yyy

One of the first tasks on the Ansible Playbooks is to combine the VNF
type generic template, derived from ENV files in CSAR or other files,
with these default values stored on the Ansible Server, together with
the overriding parameters passed down from APPC, to create the VNF
instance specific set of attribute-value pairs to be used for the run in
YAML format. Here is an excerpt from such a file that should look
somewhat similar to ENV files:

.. code-block:: none

 $ more tmp/vfdb9904v/all.yml

 deployment_prefix: vfdb9904v
 vm_config:
 oam1: { vnfc_name: vfdb9904vm001oam001, hostname: vfdb9904vm001, provider_ip_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.109, private_ip_address: 192.168.10.107 }
 oam2: { vnfc_name: vfdb9904vm002oam001, hostname: vfdb9904vm002, provider_ip_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.110, private_ip_address: 192.168.10.108 }
 rdb1: { vnfc_name: vfdb9904vm003rdb001, hostname: vfdb9904vm003, provider_ip_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.105, private_ip_address: 192.168.10.109 }
 rdb2: { vnfc_name: vfdb9904vm004rdb001, hostname: vfdb9904vm004, provider_ip_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.106, private_ip_address: 192.168.10.110 }
 rdb3: { vnfc_name: vfdb9904vm005rdb001, hostname: vfdb9904vm005, provider_ip_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.xxx, private_ip_address: 192.168.10.111 }
 rdb4: { vnfc_name: vfdb9904vm006rdb001, hostname: vfdb9904vm006, provider_ip_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.yyy, private_ip_address: 192.168.10.112 }
 …
 timezone: Etc/UTC
 …
 template_version: '2014-10-16'
 stack_name: vfdb9904v
 key_name: ONAPkilo-keypair
 c3dbtype: OAM
 stackName: vfdb9904v
 juno_base: true
 …

# logins list contain 'login name', 'login group', 'login password'

.. code-block:: none

 logins:
 - { name: 'm99999', group: 'm99999', password: 'abcdefgha' }
 - { name: 'gsuser', group: 'gsuser', password: ' abcdefgha' }
 - { name: 'peruser', group: 'peruser', password: ' abcdefgha' }
 - { name: 'dbuser', group: 'dbuser', password: ' abcdefgha' }

NOTE: Arguments passed by APPC to Ansible Server to run a playbook take
precedence over any defaults stored in Ansible Server.

Ansible Playbooks – Notes On Artifacts Required to Run Playbooks
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

Inventory hosts file: should be VNF instance specific.

Default variables: should be VNF instance specific/

NOTE: Some playbooks may rely on inventory directory contents to target
the collection of VNFs in the Services Platform supported through
Ansible.

Playbooks and paths to referenced files: Playbooks shall not use
absolute paths for file include entries (variables or playbooks) or
other types of references.

For this to work properly when running playbooks, the directory where
the playbook resides shall be the current directory.

Playbook includes use paths relative to the main playbook directory when
necessary.

Root directory named ansible - Any files provided with playbooks,
included or referenced by playbooks, shall reside under the ansible
playbooks (root) directory, containing all playbook subdirectories, or
below that ansible root directory, in other subdirectories to support
on-boarding and portability of VNF collection of playbooks and related
artifacts.

Designing for a shared environment, concurrently running playbooks,
targeting multiple VNF instances – inventory hosts file:

To avoid inventory hosts file overwrites or collisions between multiple
concurrently running VNF instance requests, chosen approach is for each
VNF instance hosts file, to be stored under the Ansible Server Playbooks
root directory, under the inventory subdirectory, and under a directory
for each VNF instance, named after the VNF instance, as follows:

ansible/inventory/<VNF\_instance\_name>/hosts

Example of inventory hosts file path, relative to ansible playbooks root
directory (playbooks\_dir): ansible/inventory/vnfx0001v/hosts

Designing for a shared environment, concurrently running playbooks,
targeting multiple VNF instances – default argument variables for
specific VNF instances:

Files containing attribute name value pairs (variable name and default
values), referenced/included by playbooks – Files containing VNF
instance specific default values – in a later APPC release, some or all
the default attribute value pairs contained in the defaults file, may be
passed down by APPC, to the Ansible Server, overriding these defaults:

Following the same approach for inventory hosts files, files
referenced/included by playbooks containing default values,
default\_args.yml, shall be stored under a directory with VNF instance
name on the path.

Example:

ansible/vars/<VNF\_instance\_name>/default\_args.yml

Files containing attribute name value pairs (variable name and default
values), referenced/included by playbooks – created dynamically by
playbooks:

Following the same approach for inventory hosts files, to avoid
overwrites or collisions of multiple concurrently running VNF instance
requests, files created dynamically by playbooks, based on VNF generic
templates, combined with default values and arguments passed down by
APPC (as part of the request), shall be stored under a directory with
VNF instance name on the path.

Example:

tmp/<VNF\_instance\_name>/all.yml

Files containing site specific (Openstack location non-instance
specific) attribute name value pairs, like NTP server and DNS server’s
IP addresses and other parameters, referenced/included by playbooks, not
VNF specific – Could/should be stored under vars directory, in a
subdirectory named after the string used to identify the site (nyc1,
lax2,…).

Examples:

ansible/vars/<Site>/default\_args.yml

ansible/vars/nyc1/default\_args.yml

ansible/vars/lax2/default\_args.yml

\ **Ansible Server Design - Directory Structure**

To help understanding the contents of this section, here are few basic
definitions:

**VNF type a.k.a VNF Function Code** - Based on current Services
Platform naming convention, each Virtual Network Function is assigned a
4 character string (example vfdb), they are the first 4 characters on
the VNF instance name, which is 9 characters long. VNF instance name in
some cases corresponds to the stack name for the VNF when VNF instance
is built based on a single module, single stack. Example of VNF instance
name: vfdb9904v. All VNF performing this function, running the same
software, coming from the same VNF provider will start with the same 4
characters, in this example, vfdb.

VNF type, determined through these 4 characters, is also known as VNF
Function Code and is assigned by inventory team. All Services Platform
VNF Function Codes can be found in inventory database and/or A&AI as
well as Services Platform Network Design Documents.

NOTE: Current Services Platform naming convention is undergoing changes
to include geographical location to the VNF names.

Version – As in VNF software version is the release of the software
running on the VNF for which the playbooks were developed. VNF
configuration steps may change from release to release and this
<Version> in the path will allow the Ansible Server to host playbooks
associated with each software release. And run the playbooks that match
the software release running on each VNF instance. APPC initially will
not support playbook versioning only latest playbook is supported.

Playbook Function - Is a name associated with a life cycle management
task(s) performed by the playbook(s) stored in this directory. It should
clearly identify the type of action(s) performed by the main playbook
and possibly other playbooks stored in this same directory. Ideally,
playbook function would match APPC corresponding function that executes
the main playbook in this directory. Following Ansible Naming standards
main playbook is usually named site.yml. There can be other playbooks on
the same directory that use a subset of the roles used by the main
playbook site.yml. Examples of Playbook Function directory names:

-  configure – Contains post-instantiation (bulk) configuration
   playbooks, roles,…

-  healthcheck – Contains VNF health check playbook(s), roles,…

-  stop – Contains VNF application stop playbook(s), roles,…

-  start – Contains VNF application start playbook(s), roles,…

Directory structure to allow hosting multiple version sets of playbooks,
for the same VNF type, to be hosted in the runtime environment on the
Ansible Servers. Generic directory structure:

Ansible Playbooks – Function directory and main playbook:

.. code-block:: none

 /storage/<VNF type>/<Version>/ansible/<Playbook Function>/site.yml

Example – Post-instantiation (bulk) configuration –APPC Function -
Configure:

.. code-block:: none

 /storage/<VNF type>/<Version>/ansible/configure/site.yml

Example – Health-check –APPC Function - HealthCheck:

.. code-block:: none

 /storage/<VNF type>/<Version>/ansible/healthcheck/site.yml

OR (Function directory name does not need to match APPC function name)

.. code-block:: none

 /storage/<VNF type>/<Version>/ansible/check/site.yml

Ansible Directories for other artifacts – VNF inventory hosts file -
Required:

.. code-block:: none

 /storage/<VNF type>/<Version>/ansible/inventory/<VNF instance name>/hosts

Ansible Directories for other artifacts – VNF inventory hosts file –
Required:

.. code-block:: none

 /storage/<VNF type>/<Version>/ansible/vars/<VNF instance name>/default\_args.yml

NOTE: This requirement is expected to be deprecated in part in the
future, for automated actions, once APPC can pass down all VNF specific
arguments for each action. Requirement remains while manual actions are
to be supported. Other automated inventory management mechanisms may be
considered in the future, Ansible supports many automated inventory
management mechanisms/tools/solutions.

Ansible Directories for other artifacts – VNF (special) groups –
Optional:

.. code-block:: none

 /storage/<VNF type>/<Version>/ansible/groups/<VNF instance name>/common\_groups.yml

NOTE: Default groups will be created based on VNFC type, 3 characters,
on VNFC name. Example: “oam”, “rdb”, “dbs”, “man”, “iox”, “app”,…

Ansible Directories for other artifacts – VNF (special) other files –
Optional – Example – License file:

.. code-block:: none

 /storage/<VNF type>/<Version>/ansible/<Other directory(s)>

CAUTION: On referenced files used/required by playbooks.

-  To avoid missing files, during on-boarding or uploading of Ansible
   Playbooks and related artifacts, all permanent files (not generated
   by playbooks as part of execution), required to run any playbook,
   shall reside under the ansible root directory or below on other
   subdirectories.

-  Any references to files, on includes or other playbook entries, shall
   use relative paths.

-  This is the ansible (root directory) directory referenced on this
   note:

.. code-block:: none

     /storage/<VNF type>/<Version>/ansible/

There will be a soft link to the latest set of Ansible Playbooks for
each VNF type and this is the default set of playbooks that are executed
unless a different release is specified in APPC request.

VNF type directories use A&AI inventory VNF function code. Ansible
Playbooks will be stored on a Cinder Volume mounted on the Ansible
Servers as /storage. Example:

/storage/vfdb/latest/ansible – This soft link point to the latest set of
playbooks (or the only set)

/storage/vfdb/V16.1/ansible – Root directory for database VNF Ansible
Playbooks for release 16.1

CAUTION: To support this directory structure as the repository to store
Ansible Playbooks run by APPC, APPC API in the Ansible Server side needs
to be configured to run playbooks from directory, not MySQL database.

Ansible Server HTTP will be configured to support APPC REST API requests
to run playbooks as needed, against specific VNF instances, or specific
VM(s) as specified in the request.

ONAP APPC REST API to Ansible Server is documented separately and can be
found under ONAP (onap.org).

**Ansible Server – On-boarding Ansible Playbooks**

Once playbooks are developed following the guidelines listed in prior
section(s), playbooks need to be on-boarded onto Ansible Server(s). In
the future, they’ll be on-boarded and distributed through ONAP, at least
that is the proposed plan, but for now they need to be uploaded
manually.

These are the basic steps to on-board playbooks manually onto the
Ansible Server.

1. Upload CSAR, zip, or tar file containing VNF playbooks and related
   artifacts.

2. Create full directory (using –p option below) to store Ansible
   Playbooks and other artifacts under /storage file system.

   a. Includes VNF type using VNF function code 4 characters under
      /storage.

   b. Includes VNF “Version” directory as part of the path to store
      playbooks for this VNF version.

   c. Include generic ansible root directory. Creating full directory
      path as an example:

.. code-block:: none

     $ mkdir –p /storage/vfdb/V16.1/ansible**/**

3. Make this directory (VNF ansible root directory) current directory
   for next few steps:

.. code-block:: none

     cd /storage/vfdb/V16.1/ansible/

4. Extract Ansible Playbooks and other Ansible artifacts associated with
   the playbooks onto the ansible directory. Command depends on the type
   of file uploaded, examples would be:

.. code-block:: none

     tar xvf ..
     unzip …
     bunzip ..

5. Create directory for VNF (VMs) inventory hosts file with all VMs and
   OA&M IP addresses for all VNF instances with known OA&M IP addresses
   for respective VMs, example:

.. code-block:: none

    $ mkdir –p inventory/vfdb9904v

    $ touch inventory/vfdb9904v/hosts

    $ cat inventory/vfdb9904v/hosts

    [host]
    localhost ansible\_connection=local

    [oam]
    1xx.2yy.zzz.109 ansible\_ssh\_private\_key\_file=/storage/.ssh/Kilo-SSH-Key.pem
    1xx.2yy.zzz.110 ansible\_ssh\_private\_key\_file=/storage/.ssh/Kilo-SSH-Key.pem

    [rdb]
    1xx.2yy.zzz.105 ansible\_ssh\_private\_key\_file=/storage/.ssh/Kilo-SSH-Key.pem
    1xx.2yy.zzz.106 ansible\_ssh\_private\_key\_file=/storage/.ssh/Kilo-SSH-Key.pem

6. Create directory to hold default arguments for each VNF instance,
   example:

.. code-block:: none

   $ mkdir –p vars/vfdb9904v
   $ touch vars/vfdb9904v/default\_args.yml
   $ cat vars/vfdb9904v/default\_args.yml
   vm\_config\_oam1\_vnfc\_name: vfdb9904vm001oam001
   vm\_config\_oam1\_hostname: vfdb9904vm001
   vm\_config\_oam1\_provider\_ip\_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.109

   vm\_config\_oam2\_vnfc\_name: vfdb9904vm002oam001
   vm\_config\_oam2\_hostname: vfdb9904vm002
   vm\_config\_oam2\_provider\_ip\_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.110

   vm\_config\_rdb1\_vnfc\_name: vfdb9904vm003rdb001
   vm\_config\_rdb1\_hostname: vfdb9904vm003
   vm\_config\_rdb1\_provider\_ip\_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.105

   vm\_config\_rdb2\_vnfc\_name: vfdb9904vm004rdb001
   vm\_config\_rdb2\_hostname: vfdb9904vm004
   vm\_config\_rdb2\_provider\_ip\_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.106

   vm\_config\_rdb3\_vnfc\_name: vfdb9904vm005rdb001
   vm\_config\_rdb3\_hostname: vfdb9904vm005
   vm\_config\_rdb3\_provider\_ip\_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.xxx

   vm\_config\_rdb4\_vnfc\_name: vfdb9904vm006rdb001
   vm\_config\_rdb4\_hostname: vfdb9904vm006
   vm\_config\_rdb4\_provider\_ip\_address: 1xx.2yy.zzz.yyy

NOTE: Please note names in this file shall use underscore “\_” not dots
“.” or dashes “-“.

7. Perform some basic playbook validation running with “--check” option,
   running dummy playbooks or other.

8. Upload any SSH keys referenced on hosts file to appropriate
   directory.

NOTE: HOT templates used by Heat to instantiate VNF configured by these
playbooks shall include the same SSH key to be installed as part of
instantiation.

Other non-VNF provider specific playbook tasks need to be incorporated on
overall post-instantiation configuration playbooks or company Playbooks
need to be uploaded and executed after VNF provided or internally
developed playbooks for the VNF.


.. [1]
   The “name” field is a mandatory field in a valid Chef Node Object
   JSON dictionary.

.. [2]
   Not currently supported in ONAP release 1

.. [3]
   https://github.com/mbj4668/pyang

.. [4]
   Upstream elements must provide the appropriate FQDN in the request to
   ONAP for the desired action.

.. [5]
   Refer to NCSP’s Network Cloud specification

.. [6]
   This option is not currently supported in ONAP and it is currently
   under consideration.

.. [7]
   Multiple ONAP actions may map to one playbook.