Add JUnit and Remove Technical Debt in Guard

Unit test for guard added and technical debt removed.

Issue-ID: POLICY-455
Change-Id: I440766660ddae078013e21b1991ee49c8e488bb3
Signed-off-by: liamfallon <liam.fallon@ericsson.com>

11 files changed, 583 insertions, 695 deletions

diff --git a/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/CallGuardTask.java b/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/CallGuardTask.java
index d81aaa40c..9e3116dd8 100644
--- a/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/CallGuardTask.java
+++ b/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/CallGuardTask.java
@@ -23,16 +23,14 @@ package org.onap.policy.guard;
 import java.util.UUID;
 
 import org.drools.core.WorkingMemory;
-import org.onap.policy.drools.system.PolicyEngine;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 import com.att.research.xacml.api.DataTypeException;
 import com.att.research.xacml.std.annotations.RequestParser;
 
-
 public class CallGuardTask implements Runnable {
-	
+
 	private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(CallGuardTask.class);
 	WorkingMemory workingMemory;
 	String restfulPdpUrl;
@@ -41,40 +39,39 @@ public class CallGuardTask implements Runnable {
 	String recipe;
 	String target;
 	String requestId;
-	
+
 	/*
 	 * Guard url is grabbed from PolicyEngine.manager properties
 	 */
-    public CallGuardTask(WorkingMemory wm, String cl, String act, String rec, String tar, String reqId) { 
-    	workingMemory = wm;
-    	clname = cl;
-    	actor = act;
-    	recipe = rec;
-    	requestId = reqId;
-    	target = tar;
-    }
-
-    @Override
-    public void run() {
-    	long startTime = System.nanoTime();
-    	com.att.research.xacml.api.Request request = null;
-    	
-    	PolicyGuardXacmlRequestAttributes xacmlReq = new PolicyGuardXacmlRequestAttributes(clname, actor,  recipe, target, requestId);
-    	
-    	try {
-    		request = RequestParser.parseRequest(xacmlReq);
+	public CallGuardTask(WorkingMemory wm, String cl, String act, String rec, String tar, String reqId) { 
+		workingMemory = wm;
+		clname = cl;
+		actor = act;
+		recipe = rec;
+		requestId = reqId;
+		target = tar;
+	}
+
+	@Override
+	public void run() {
+		long startTime = System.nanoTime();
+		com.att.research.xacml.api.Request request = null;
+
+		PolicyGuardXacmlRequestAttributes xacmlReq = new PolicyGuardXacmlRequestAttributes(clname, actor,  recipe, target, requestId);
+
+		try {
+			request = RequestParser.parseRequest(xacmlReq);
 		} catch (IllegalArgumentException | IllegalAccessException | DataTypeException e) {
 			logger.error("CallGuardTask.run threw: {}", e);
 		} 
-    	
-		
-  		logger.debug("\n********** XACML REQUEST START ********");
+
+
+		logger.debug("\n********** XACML REQUEST START ********");
 		logger.debug("{}", request);
 		logger.debug("********** XACML REQUEST END ********\n");
-		
-		String guardUrl = PolicyEngine.manager.getEnvironmentProperty(Util.PROP_GUARD_URL);
+
 		String guardDecision = null;
-		
+
 		//
 		// Make guard request
 		//
@@ -94,20 +91,20 @@ public class CallGuardTask implements Runnable {
 
 		PolicyGuardResponse guardResponse = new PolicyGuardResponse(guardDecision, UUID.fromString(this.requestId), this.recipe);
 
-		
+
 		//
 		//Create an artificial Guard response in case we didn't get a clear Permit or Deny
 		//
-		if(guardResponse.result.equals("Indeterminate")){
-			guardResponse.operation = recipe;
-			guardResponse.requestID = UUID.fromString(requestId);
+		if(guardResponse.getResult().equals("Indeterminate")){
+			guardResponse.setOperation(recipe);
+			guardResponse.setRequestID(UUID.fromString(requestId));
 		}
-		
+
 		long estimatedTime = System.nanoTime() - startTime;
 		logger.debug("\n\n============ Guard inserted with decision {} !!! =========== time took: {} mili sec \n\n",
-				guardResponse.result, (double)estimatedTime/1000/1000);
+				guardResponse.getResult(), (double)estimatedTime/1000/1000);
 		workingMemory.insert(guardResponse);
 
-    }
+	}
 
 }
diff --git a/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/GuardResult.java b/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/GuardResult.java
index 4afd16dab..b2792858a 100644
--- a/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/GuardResult.java
+++ b/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/GuardResult.java
@@ -24,5 +24,4 @@ public enum GuardResult {
 	LOCK_DENIED,
 	LOCK_EXCEPTION
 	;
-
 }
diff --git a/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PIPEngineGetHistory.java b/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PIPEngineGetHistory.java
index 6ba1a5a5f..bfdff4d7f 100644
--- a/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PIPEngineGetHistory.java
+++ b/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PIPEngineGetHistory.java
@@ -55,89 +55,57 @@ import com.att.research.xacml.std.pip.StdPIPRequest;
 import com.att.research.xacml.std.pip.StdPIPResponse;
 import com.att.research.xacml.std.pip.engines.StdConfigurableEngine;
 
-
-
 public class PIPEngineGetHistory extends StdConfigurableEngine{
-	
-	private interface DateUtil{
-		public class DateUtilException extends Exception {
-			private static final long serialVersionUID = 2612662650481443076L;
-
-			public DateUtilException(String message) {
-				super(message);
-			}
-			
-		}
-		
-        public long getMs();
-        public DateUtil init(String sqlValUnit) throws DateUtilException;
-    }
-
 	private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PIPEngineGetHistory.class);
 
-	public static final String DEFAULT_DESCRIPTION  = "PIP for retrieving Operations History from DB";
-	
-	
-
 	//
 	// Base issuer string. The issuer in the policy will also contain time window information
 	// E.g., "com:att:research:xacml:guard:historydb:tw:10:min"
 	//
-	public static final String DEFAULT_ISSUER			= "com:att:research:xacml:guard:historydb";
+	public static final String DEFAULT_ISSUER      = "com:att:research:xacml:guard:historydb";
+	public static final String DEFAULT_DESCRIPTION = "PIP for retrieving Operations History from DB";
+
+	private static final String XML_SCHEMA_STRING = "http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string";
 
+	private static final String XACML_SUBJECT_CATEGORY_ACCESS_SUBJECT    = "urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:subject-category:access-subject";
+	private static final String XACML_ACTOR_ACTOR_ID                     = "urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:actor:actor-id";
+	private static final String XACML_ATTRIBUTE_CATEGORY_ACTION          ="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:3.0:attribute-category:action";
+	private static final String XACML_OPERATION_OPERATION_ID             ="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:operation:operation-id";
+	private static final String XACML_ATTRIBUTE_CATEGORY_RESOURCE        ="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:3.0:attribute-category:resource";
+	private static final String XACML_TARGET_TARGET_ID                   ="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:target:target-id";
+	private static final String XACML_TEST_SQL_RESOURCE_OPERATIONS_COUNT = "com:att:research:xacml:test:sql:resource:operations:count";
 
 	private static final PIPRequest PIP_REQUEST_ACTOR	= new StdPIPRequest(
-					new IdentifierImpl("urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:subject-category:access-subject"),
-					new IdentifierImpl("urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:actor:actor-id"),
-					new IdentifierImpl("http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"));
+			new IdentifierImpl(XACML_SUBJECT_CATEGORY_ACCESS_SUBJECT),
+			new IdentifierImpl(XACML_ACTOR_ACTOR_ID),
+			new IdentifierImpl(XML_SCHEMA_STRING));
 
 	private static final PIPRequest PIP_REQUEST_RECIPE		= new StdPIPRequest(
-					new IdentifierImpl("urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:3.0:attribute-category:action"),
-					new IdentifierImpl("urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:operation:operation-id"),
-					new IdentifierImpl("http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"));
+			new IdentifierImpl(XACML_ATTRIBUTE_CATEGORY_ACTION),
+			new IdentifierImpl(XACML_OPERATION_OPERATION_ID),
+			new IdentifierImpl(XML_SCHEMA_STRING));
 
 	private static final PIPRequest PIP_REQUEST_TARGET		= new StdPIPRequest(
-			new IdentifierImpl("urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:3.0:attribute-category:resource"),
-			new IdentifierImpl("urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:target:target-id"),
-			new IdentifierImpl("http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string"));
-
-
-	private void addIntegerAttribute(StdMutablePIPResponse stdPIPResponse, Identifier category, Identifier attributeId, int value, PIPRequest pipRequest) {
-		AttributeValue<BigInteger> attributeValue	= null;
-		try {
-			attributeValue	= DataTypes.DT_INTEGER.createAttributeValue(value);
-		} catch (Exception ex) {
-			logger.error("Failed to convert {} to an AttributeValue<Boolean>",value, ex);
-		}
-		if (attributeValue != null) {
-			stdPIPResponse.addAttribute(new StdMutableAttribute(category, attributeId, attributeValue, pipRequest.getIssuer()/*this.getIssuer()*/, false));
-		}
-	}
-
-
+			new IdentifierImpl(XACML_ATTRIBUTE_CATEGORY_RESOURCE),
+			new IdentifierImpl(XACML_TARGET_TARGET_ID),
+			new IdentifierImpl(XML_SCHEMA_STRING));
 
 	public PIPEngineGetHistory() {
 		super();
-		// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
 	}
 
-
-
 	@Override
 	public Collection<PIPRequest> attributesRequired() {
-		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
-	    return Collections.emptySet();
+		return Collections.emptySet();
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public Collection<PIPRequest> attributesProvided() {
-		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
-	    return Collections.emptySet();
+		return Collections.emptySet();
 	}
 
 	@Override
 	public PIPResponse getAttributes(PIPRequest pipRequest, PIPFinder pipFinder) throws PIPException {
-		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
 		logger.debug("Entering FeqLimiter PIP");
 
 		/*
@@ -164,9 +132,17 @@ public class PIPEngineGetHistory extends StdConfigurableEngine{
 		String timeWindowVal = s2[0];// number [of minutes, hours, days...]
 		String timeWindowScale = s2[1];//e.g., minute, hour, day, week, month, year
 
-		String actor = getActor(pipFinder).iterator().next();
-		String operation = getRecipe(pipFinder).iterator().next();
-		String target = getTarget(pipFinder).iterator().next();
+		String actor = null;
+		String operation = null;
+		String target = null;
+		try {
+			actor = getActor(pipFinder).iterator().next();
+			operation = getRecipe(pipFinder).iterator().next();
+			target = getTarget(pipFinder).iterator().next();
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			logger.debug("could not retrieve actor, operation, or target from PIP finder");
+			return StdPIPResponse.PIP_RESPONSE_EMPTY;
+		}
 
 		String timeWindow = timeWindowVal + " " + timeWindowScale;
 
@@ -176,15 +152,14 @@ public class PIPEngineGetHistory extends StdConfigurableEngine{
 		StdMutablePIPResponse stdPIPResponse	= new StdMutablePIPResponse();
 
 		this.addIntegerAttribute(stdPIPResponse,
-				new IdentifierImpl("urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:3.0:attribute-category:resource"),
-				new IdentifierImpl("com:att:research:xacml:test:sql:resource:operations:count"),
+				new IdentifierImpl(XACML_ATTRIBUTE_CATEGORY_RESOURCE),
+				new IdentifierImpl(XACML_TEST_SQL_RESOURCE_OPERATIONS_COUNT),
 				countFromDB,
 				pipRequest);
 
 		return new StdPIPResponse(stdPIPResponse);
 	}
 
-
 	@Override
 	public void configure(String id, Properties properties) throws PIPException {
 		super.configure(id, properties);
@@ -197,8 +172,6 @@ public class PIPEngineGetHistory extends StdConfigurableEngine{
 		}
 	}
 
-
-
 	private PIPResponse getAttribute(PIPRequest pipRequest, PIPFinder pipFinder) {
 		PIPResponse pipResponse	= null;
 
@@ -212,36 +185,34 @@ public class PIPEngineGetHistory extends StdConfigurableEngine{
 			return null;
 		}
 		if (pipResponse.getStatus() != null && !pipResponse.getStatus().isOk()) {
-			logger.warn("Error retrieving {}: {}", pipRequest.getAttributeId().stringValue(), pipResponse.getStatus().toString());
-			return null;
-		}
-		if (pipResponse.getAttributes() != null && pipResponse.getAttributes().isEmpty()) {
-			logger.warn("Error retrieving {}: {}", pipRequest.getAttributeId().stringValue(), pipResponse.getStatus().toString());
-			logger.warn("Error retrieving {}: {}", pipRequest.getAttributeId().stringValue(), pipResponse.getStatus());
+			if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
+				logger.warn("PIP response error {}: {}", pipRequest.getAttributeId().stringValue(), pipResponse.getStatus().toString());
+			}
 			return null;
 		}
 		if (pipResponse.getAttributes() != null && pipResponse.getAttributes().isEmpty()) {
-			logger.warn("Error retrieving {}: {}", pipRequest.getAttributeId().stringValue(), pipResponse.getStatus());
+			if (logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
+				logger.warn("No attributes in POP response {}: {}", pipRequest.getAttributeId().stringValue(), pipResponse.getStatus().toString());
+			}
 			return null;
 		}
 		return pipResponse;
 	}
 
-
 	private Set<String> getActor(PIPFinder pipFinder) {
 		/*
 		 * Get the AT&T UID from either the subject id or the attuid property
 		 */
 		PIPResponse pipResponseATTUID	= this.getAttribute(PIP_REQUEST_ACTOR, pipFinder);
 		if (pipResponseATTUID == null) {
-			return null;
+			return new HashSet<>();
 		}
 
 		/*
 		 * Iterate over all of the returned results and do the LDAP requests
 		 */
 		Collection<Attribute> listATTUIDs	= pipResponseATTUID.getAttributes();
-		Set<String> setATTUIDs			= new HashSet<String>();
+		Set<String> setATTUIDs			= new HashSet<>();
 		for (Attribute attributeATTUID: listATTUIDs) {
 			Iterator<AttributeValue<String>> iterAttributeValues	= attributeATTUID.findValues(DataTypes.DT_STRING);
 			if (iterAttributeValues != null) {
@@ -261,16 +232,16 @@ public class PIPEngineGetHistory extends StdConfigurableEngine{
 		/*
 		 * Get the AT&T UID from either the subject id or the attuid property
 		 */
-		PIPResponse pipResponseATTUID	= this.getAttribute(PIP_REQUEST_RECIPE, pipFinder);
+		PIPResponse pipResponseATTUID = this.getAttribute(PIP_REQUEST_RECIPE, pipFinder);
 		if (pipResponseATTUID == null) {
-			return null;
+			return new HashSet<>();
 		}
 
 		/*
 		 * Iterate over all of the returned results and do the LDAP requests
 		 */
 		Collection<Attribute> listATTUIDs	= pipResponseATTUID.getAttributes();
-		Set<String> setATTUIDs			= new HashSet<String>();
+		Set<String> setATTUIDs			= new HashSet<>();
 		for (Attribute attributeATTUID: listATTUIDs) {
 			Iterator<AttributeValue<String>> iterAttributeValues	= attributeATTUID.findValues(DataTypes.DT_STRING);
 			if (iterAttributeValues != null) {
@@ -286,6 +257,17 @@ public class PIPEngineGetHistory extends StdConfigurableEngine{
 		return setATTUIDs;
 	}
 
+	private void addIntegerAttribute(StdMutablePIPResponse stdPIPResponse, Identifier category, Identifier attributeId, int value, PIPRequest pipRequest) {
+		AttributeValue<BigInteger> attributeValue	= null;
+		try {
+			attributeValue	= DataTypes.DT_INTEGER.createAttributeValue(value);
+		} catch (Exception ex) {
+			logger.error("Failed to convert {} to an AttributeValue<Boolean>",value, ex);
+		}
+		if (attributeValue != null) {
+			stdPIPResponse.addAttribute(new StdMutableAttribute(category, attributeId, attributeValue, pipRequest.getIssuer()/*this.getIssuer()*/, false));
+		}
+	}
 
 	private Set<String> getTarget(PIPFinder pipFinder) {
 		/*
@@ -293,14 +275,14 @@ public class PIPEngineGetHistory extends StdConfigurableEngine{
 		 */
 		PIPResponse pipResponseATTUID	= this.getAttribute(PIP_REQUEST_TARGET, pipFinder);
 		if (pipResponseATTUID == null) {
-			return null;
+			return new HashSet<>();
 		}
 
 		/*
 		 * Iterate over all of the returned results and do the LDAP requests
 		 */
 		Collection<Attribute> listATTUIDs	= pipResponseATTUID.getAttributes();
-		Set<String> setATTUIDs			= new HashSet<String>();
+		Set<String> setATTUIDs			= new HashSet<>();
 		for (Attribute attributeATTUID: listATTUIDs) {
 			Iterator<AttributeValue<String>> iterAttributeValues	= attributeATTUID.findValues(DataTypes.DT_STRING);
 			if (iterAttributeValues != null) {
@@ -317,101 +299,57 @@ public class PIPEngineGetHistory extends StdConfigurableEngine{
 	}
 
 	private static int getCountFromDB(String actor, String operation, String target, String timeWindow){
-
 		// DB Properties
 		Properties props = new Properties();
 		props.put(Util.ECLIPSE_LINK_KEY_URL, PolicyEngine.manager.getEnvironmentProperty(Util.ONAP_KEY_URL));
 		props.put(Util.ECLIPSE_LINK_KEY_USER, PolicyEngine.manager.getEnvironmentProperty(Util.ONAP_KEY_USER));
 		props.put(Util.ECLIPSE_LINK_KEY_PASS, PolicyEngine.manager.getEnvironmentProperty(Util.ONAP_KEY_PASS));
-		
+
 
 		EntityManager em = null;
-		String OpsHistPU = System.getProperty("OperationsHistoryPU");
-		if(OpsHistPU == null || !OpsHistPU.equals("TestOperationsHistoryPU")){
-			OpsHistPU = "OperationsHistoryPU";
+		String opsHistPU = System.getProperty("OperationsHistoryPU");
+		if (opsHistPU == null || !opsHistPU.equals("TestOperationsHistoryPU")){
+			opsHistPU = "OperationsHistoryPU";
 		}
-		else{
+		else {
 			props.clear();
 		}
-		try{
-			em = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(OpsHistPU, props).createEntityManager();
-		}catch(Exception ex){
-			logger.error("PIP thread got Exception. Can't connect to Operations History DB -- {}", OpsHistPU);
+
+		try {
+			em = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory(opsHistPU, props).createEntityManager();
+		} catch(Exception ex){
+			logger.error("PIP thread got Exception. Can't connect to Operations History DB -- {}", opsHistPU);
 			logger.error("getCountFromDB threw: ", ex);
 			return -1;
 		}
 
-		DateUtil dateUtil = new DateUtil(){
-			private long ms = 0;
-			private double multiplier = 0;
-
-			@Override
-			public DateUtil init(String sqlValUnit) throws DateUtilException{
-				String[] split = sqlValUnit.split(" ");
-				if(split.length != 2){
-					throw new DateUtilException("Invalid Value Unit pair for SQL");
-				}
-
-				ms = Long.parseLong(split[0]);
-
-				if("SECOND".compareToIgnoreCase(split[1]) == 0){
-					multiplier = 1000;
-				}
-				else if("MINUTE".compareToIgnoreCase(split[1]) == 0){
-					multiplier = 60000;
-				}
-				else if("HOUR".compareToIgnoreCase(split[1]) == 0){
-					multiplier = 3.6e+6;
-				}
-				else if("DAY".compareToIgnoreCase(split[1]) == 0){
-					multiplier = 8.64e+7;
-				}
-				else if("WEEK".compareToIgnoreCase(split[1]) == 0){
-					multiplier = 6.048e+8;
-				}
-				else if("MONTH".compareToIgnoreCase(split[1]) == 0){
-					multiplier = 2.628e+9;
-				}
-				else if("QUARTER".compareToIgnoreCase(split[1]) == 0){
-					multiplier = 2.628e+9 * 3;
-				}
-				else if("YEAR".compareToIgnoreCase(split[1]) == 0){
-					multiplier = 3.154e+10;
-				}
-				else{
-					logger.error("{} not supported", split[1]);
-				}
-
-				ms *= multiplier;
-				return this;
-			}
-			public long getMs(){
-				return ms;
-			}
-		};
-
 		long now = new Date().getTime();
 		long diff;
 		try {
-			diff = now - dateUtil.init(timeWindow).getMs();
+			diff = now - getMSFromTimeWindow(timeWindow);
 		} catch (Exception ex) {
 			logger.error("PIP thread got Exception " + ex);
 			return -1;
 		}
 
-		String sql = "select count(*) as count from operationshistory10 where outcome<>'Failure_Guard'"
-				+ " and actor= ?"
-				+ " and operation= ?"
-				+ " and target= ?"
-				+ " and endtime between '" + new Timestamp(diff) + "' and '" + new Timestamp(now) + "'";
-
-		Query nq = em.createNativeQuery(sql);
+		StringBuilder sqlBuilder = new StringBuilder();
+		sqlBuilder.append("select count(*) as count from operationshistory10 where outcome<>'Failure_Guard'");
+		sqlBuilder.append(" and actor= ?");
+		sqlBuilder.append(" and operation= ?");
+		sqlBuilder.append(" and target= ?");
+		sqlBuilder.append(" and endtime between '");
+		sqlBuilder.append(new Timestamp(diff));
+		sqlBuilder.append("' and '");
+		sqlBuilder.append(new Timestamp(now));
+		sqlBuilder.append('\'');
+
+		Query nq = em.createNativeQuery(sqlBuilder.toString());
 		nq.setParameter(1, actor);
 		nq.setParameter(2, operation);
 		nq.setParameter(3, target);
 
 		int ret = -1;
-		try{
+		try {
 			ret = ((Number)nq.getSingleResult()).intValue();
 		}
 		catch(NoResultException | NonUniqueResultException ex){
@@ -422,8 +360,54 @@ public class PIPEngineGetHistory extends StdConfigurableEngine{
 		em.close();
 
 		return ret;
-
 	}
 
+	/**
+	 * Get the Millisecond time from a time window string
+	 * @param timeWindow the time window string to parse
+	 * @return the millisecond time from the time window string
+	 * @throws PIPException On invalid time window strings
+	 */
+	private static long getMSFromTimeWindow(String timeWindowString) throws PIPException {
+		long ms = 0;
+		double multiplier = 0;
+
+		String[] split = timeWindowString.split(" ");
+		if (split.length != 2) {
+			throw new PIPException("Invalid Value Unit pair for SQL");
+		}
+
+		ms = Long.parseLong(split[0]);
+
+		if("SECOND".compareToIgnoreCase(split[1]) == 0){
+			multiplier = 1000;
+		}
+		else if("MINUTE".compareToIgnoreCase(split[1]) == 0){
+			multiplier = 60000;
+		}
+		else if("HOUR".compareToIgnoreCase(split[1]) == 0){
+			multiplier = 3.6e+6;
+		}
+		else if("DAY".compareToIgnoreCase(split[1]) == 0){
+			multiplier = 8.64e+7;
+		}
+		else if("WEEK".compareToIgnoreCase(split[1]) == 0){
+			multiplier = 6.048e+8;
+		}
+		else if("MONTH".compareToIgnoreCase(split[1]) == 0){
+			multiplier = 2.628e+9;
+		}
+		else if("QUARTER".compareToIgnoreCase(split[1]) == 0){
+			multiplier = 2.628e+9 * 3;
+		}
+		else if("YEAR".compareToIgnoreCase(split[1]) == 0){
+			multiplier = 3.154e+10;
+		}
+		else{
+			logger.error("{} not supported", split[1]);
+		}
 
+		ms *= multiplier;
+		return ms;
+	}
 }
diff --git a/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PolicyGuard.java b/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PolicyGuard.java
index b35ec5a9f..c23dc35cd 100644
--- a/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PolicyGuard.java
+++ b/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PolicyGuard.java
@@ -31,15 +31,19 @@ import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
 public class PolicyGuard {
-
-	private static Map<String, TargetLock> activeLocks = new HashMap<String, TargetLock>();
+	private PolicyGuard() {
+		// Cannot instantiate this static class
+	}
+	
+	private static Map<String, TargetLock> activeLocks = new HashMap<>();
 	private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PolicyGuard.class);
+
 	public static class LockResult<A, B> {
 		private A a;
 		private B b;
 		
 		public static <A, B> LockResult<A, B> createLockResult(A a, B b) {
-			return new LockResult<A, B>(a, b);
+			return new LockResult<>(a, b);
 		}
 		
 		public LockResult(A a, B b) {
@@ -101,7 +105,7 @@ public class PolicyGuard {
 		}
 	}
 	
-	public static boolean	unlockTarget(TargetLock lock) {
+	public static boolean unlockTarget(TargetLock lock) {
 		synchronized(activeLocks) {
 			if (activeLocks.containsKey(lock.getTargetInstance())) {
 				logger.debug("Unlocking {}", lock);
@@ -111,7 +115,7 @@ public class PolicyGuard {
 		}
 	}
 	
-	public static boolean	isLocked(TargetType targetType, String targetInstance, UUID requestID) {
+	public static boolean isLocked(TargetType targetType, String targetInstance, UUID requestID) {
 		synchronized(activeLocks) {
 			if (activeLocks.containsKey(targetInstance)) {
 				TargetLock lock = activeLocks.get(targetInstance);
@@ -120,5 +124,4 @@ public class PolicyGuard {
 			return false;
 		}		
 	}
-	
 }
diff --git a/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PolicyGuardRequest.java b/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PolicyGuardRequest.java
index 04732dc36..20c9665ce 100644
--- a/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PolicyGuardRequest.java
+++ b/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PolicyGuardRequest.java
@@ -22,8 +22,12 @@ package org.onap.policy.guard;
 
 import java.util.UUID;
 
-public class PolicyGuardRequest{
-
+public class PolicyGuardRequest {
+	private String actor;
+	private String target;
+	private UUID requestID;
+	private String operation;
+	
 	public PolicyGuardRequest(String actor, String target, UUID requestID, String operation) {
 		super();
 		this.actor = actor;
@@ -31,16 +35,42 @@ public class PolicyGuardRequest{
 		this.requestID = requestID;
 		this.operation = operation;
 	}
-	public String actor;
-	public String target;
-	public UUID requestID;
-	public String operation;
-	
 	
 	@Override
 	public String toString() {
 		return "PolicyGuardRequest [actor=" + actor + ", target=" + target + ", requestID=" + requestID + ", operation="
 				+ operation + "]";
 	}
-	
+
+	public String getActor() {
+		return actor;
+	}
+
+	public void setActor(String actor) {
+		this.actor = actor;
+	}
+
+	public String getTarget() {
+		return target;
+	}
+
+	public void setTarget(String target) {
+		this.target = target;
+	}
+
+	public UUID getRequestID() {
+		return requestID;
+	}
+
+	public void setRequestID(UUID requestID) {
+		this.requestID = requestID;
+	}
+
+	public String getOperation() {
+		return operation;
+	}
+
+	public void setOperation(String operation) {
+		this.operation = operation;
+	}
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PolicyGuardResponse.java b/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PolicyGuardResponse.java
index 20bbc2eb6..110fbe0ab 100644
--- a/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PolicyGuardResponse.java
+++ b/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PolicyGuardResponse.java
@@ -23,23 +23,21 @@ package org.onap.policy.guard;
 import java.util.UUID;
 
 public class PolicyGuardResponse{
-	public PolicyGuardResponse(String string, UUID req, String op) {
-		this.result = string;
+	private UUID requestID;
+	private String operation;
+	private String result;
+
+	public PolicyGuardResponse(String result, UUID req, String op) {
+		this.result = result;
 		this.requestID = req;
 		this.operation = op;
 	}
-	public UUID requestID;
-	public String operation;
-	public String result;
-	
-	
-	
-	
 	
 	@Override
 	public String toString() {
 		return "PolicyGuardResponse [requestID=" + requestID + ", operation=" + operation + ", result=" + result + "]";
 	}
+	
 	public UUID getRequestID() {
 		return requestID;
 	}
@@ -52,5 +50,10 @@ public class PolicyGuardResponse{
 	public void setResult(String result) {
 		this.result = result;
 	}
-	
+	public String getOperation() {
+		return operation;
+	}
+	public void setOperation(String operation) {
+		this.operation = operation;
+	}
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PolicyGuardXacmlHelper.java b/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PolicyGuardXacmlHelper.java
index cbaa8edde..a81da89d7 100644
--- a/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PolicyGuardXacmlHelper.java
+++ b/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PolicyGuardXacmlHelper.java
@@ -20,10 +20,9 @@
 
 package org.onap.policy.guard;
 
-import java.io.BufferedReader;
 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
+import java.io.IOException;
 import java.io.InputStream;
-import java.io.InputStreamReader;
 import java.io.OutputStream;
 import java.io.Serializable;
 import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
@@ -48,12 +47,12 @@ import com.att.research.xacml.api.Result;
 
 
 public class PolicyGuardXacmlHelper {
-
-	private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory
-			.getLogger(PolicyGuardXacmlHelper.class);
-	
+	private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PolicyGuardXacmlHelper.class);
 	private static final Logger netLogger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(org.onap.policy.drools.event.comm.Topic.NETWORK_LOGGER);
 
+	// Constant for the systme line separator
+	private static final String SYSTEM_LS = System.lineSeparator();
+
 	public PolicyGuardXacmlHelper() {
 		init(PolicyEngine.manager.getEnvironment());
 	}
@@ -63,12 +62,14 @@ public class PolicyGuardXacmlHelper {
 	// 'Authorization' header entry. 'restUrlIndex' indicates the next
 	// entry to try -- after each failure, the index is advanced to the
 	// next entry (wrapping to the beginning, if needed).
-	static private class URLEntry implements Serializable {
+	private static class URLEntry implements Serializable {
+		private static final long serialVersionUID = -8859237552195400518L;
+
 		URL restURL;
 		String authorization = null;
 		String clientAuth = null;
 		String environment = null;
-	};
+	}
 
 	private URLEntry[] restUrls = null;
 	private int restUrlIndex = 0;
@@ -76,14 +77,6 @@ public class PolicyGuardXacmlHelper {
 	// REST timeout, initialized from 'pdpx.timeout' property
 	private int timeout = 20000;
 
-
-	// initialized from 'guard.disabled', but may also be set to 'true' if
-	// there is an initialization error
-	private boolean disabled = false;
-
-	// errors that forced 'disabled' to be set to 'true'
-	private String errorMessage = null;
-
 	public String callPDP(PolicyGuardXacmlRequestAttributes xacmlReq) {
 		//
 		// Send it to the PDP
@@ -94,11 +87,11 @@ public class PolicyGuardXacmlHelper {
 		// Build the json request
 		//
 		JSONObject attributes = new JSONObject();
-		attributes.put("actor", xacmlReq.getActor_id());
-		attributes.put("recipe", xacmlReq.getOperation_id());
-		attributes.put("target", xacmlReq.getTarget_id());
-		if (xacmlReq.getClname_id() != null) {
-			attributes.put("clname", xacmlReq.getClname_id());
+		attributes.put("actor", xacmlReq.getActorID());
+		attributes.put("recipe", xacmlReq.getOperationID());
+		attributes.put("target", xacmlReq.getTargetID());
+		if (xacmlReq.getClnameID() != null) {
+			attributes.put("clname", xacmlReq.getClnameID());
 		}
 		JSONObject jsonReq = new JSONObject();
 		jsonReq.put("decisionAttributes", attributes);
@@ -110,12 +103,13 @@ public class PolicyGuardXacmlHelper {
 			// Call RESTful PDP
 			//
 			URLEntry urlEntry = restUrls[restUrlIndex];
-			netLogger.info("[OUT|{}|{}|]{}{}", "GUARD", urlEntry.restURL, System.lineSeparator(), jsonReq.toString());
+			String jsonRequestString = jsonReq.toString();
+			netLogger.info("[OUT|{}|{}|]{}{}", "GUARD", urlEntry.restURL, SYSTEM_LS, jsonRequestString);
 			response = callRESTfulPDP(new ByteArrayInputStream(jsonReq
 					.toString().getBytes()), urlEntry.restURL,
 					urlEntry.authorization, urlEntry.clientAuth,
 					urlEntry.environment);
-			netLogger.info("[IN|{}|{}|]{}{}", "GUARD", urlEntry.restURL, System.lineSeparator(), response);
+			netLogger.info("[IN|{}|{}|]{}{}", "GUARD", urlEntry.restURL, SYSTEM_LS, response);
 		} catch (Exception e) {
 			logger.error("Error in sending RESTful request: ", e);
 		}
@@ -130,13 +124,10 @@ public class PolicyGuardXacmlHelper {
 	 * @param file
 	 * @return response from guard which contains "Permit" or "Deny"
 	 */
-	private String callRESTfulPDP(InputStream is, URL restURL,
-			String authorization, String clientauth, String environment) {
-		String response = null;
-		String rawDecision = null;
+	private String callRESTfulPDP(InputStream is, URL restURL, String authorization, String clientauth, String environment) {
 		HttpURLConnection connection = null;
-		try {
 
+		try {
 			//
 			// Open up the connection
 			//
@@ -175,85 +166,46 @@ public class PolicyGuardXacmlHelper {
 			try (OutputStream os = connection.getOutputStream()) {
 				IOUtils.copy(is, os);
 			}
+
 			//
 			// Do the connect
 			//
 			connection.connect();
-			if (connection.getResponseCode() == 200) {
-				//
-				// Read the response
-				//
-				ContentType contentType = null;
-				try {
-					contentType = ContentType
-							.parse(connection.getContentType());
-
-					if (contentType.getMimeType().equalsIgnoreCase(
-							ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON.getMimeType())) {
-						InputStream iStream = connection.getInputStream();
-						int contentLength = connection.getContentLength();
-
-						// if content length is -1, respose is chunked, and
-						// TCP connection will be dropped at the end
-						byte[] buf = new byte[contentLength < 0 ? 1024
-								: contentLength];
-						int offset = 0;
-						for (;;) {
-							if (offset == contentLength) {
-								// all expected bytes have been read
-								response = new String(buf);
-								break;
-							}
-							int size = iStream.read(buf, offset, buf.length
-									- offset);
-							if (size < 0) {
-								if (contentLength > 0) {
-									logger.error("partial input stream");
-								} else {
-									// chunked response --
-									// dropped connection is expected
-									response = new String(buf, 0, offset);
-								}
-								break;
-							}
-							offset += size;
-						}
-					} else {
-						logger.error("unknown content-type: " + contentType);
-					}
-
-				} catch (Exception e) {
-					String message = "Parsing Content-Type: "
-							+ connection.getContentType();
-					logger.error(message, e);
-				}
 
-			} else {
-				logger.error(connection.getResponseCode() + " "
-						+ connection.getResponseMessage());
+			if (connection.getResponseCode() != 200) {
+				logger.error(connection.getResponseCode() + " "	+ connection.getResponseMessage());
+				return Util.INDETERMINATE;
 			}
 		} catch (Exception e) {
-			logger.error(
-					"Exception in 'PolicyGuardXacmlHelper.callRESTfulPDP'", e);
+			logger.error("Exception in 'PolicyGuardXacmlHelper.callRESTfulPDP'", e);
+			return Util.INDETERMINATE;
 		}
-		
+
 		//
-		// Connection may have failed or not been 200 OK, return Indeterminate
+		// Read the response
 		//
-		if(response == null || response.isEmpty()){
+		try {
+			ContentType contentType = ContentType.parse(connection.getContentType());
+
+			if (contentType.getMimeType().equalsIgnoreCase(ContentType.APPLICATION_JSON.getMimeType())) {
+				InputStream iStream = connection.getInputStream();
+				int contentLength = connection.getContentLength();
+
+				return readResponseFromStream(iStream, contentLength);
+			} else {
+				logger.error("unknown content-type: {}", contentType);
+				return Util.INDETERMINATE;
+			}
+
+		} catch (Exception e) {
+			String message = "Parsing Content-Type: " + connection.getContentType();
+			logger.error(message, e);
 			return Util.INDETERMINATE;
 		}
-		
-		rawDecision = new JSONObject(response).getString("decision");
-
-		return rawDecision;
 	}
 
-	public static PolicyGuardResponse ParseXacmlPdpResponse(
-			com.att.research.xacml.api.Response xacmlResponse) {
-
+	public static PolicyGuardResponse parseXACMLPDPResponse(com.att.research.xacml.api.Response xacmlResponse) {
 		if (xacmlResponse == null) {
-
 			//
 			// In case the actual XACML response was null, create an empty
 			// response object with decision "Indeterminate"
@@ -261,40 +213,33 @@ public class PolicyGuardXacmlHelper {
 			return new PolicyGuardResponse("Indeterminate", null, "");
 		}
 
-		Iterator<Result> it_res = xacmlResponse.getResults().iterator();
+		Iterator<Result> itRes = xacmlResponse.getResults().iterator();
 
-		Result res = it_res.next();
-		String decision_from_xacml_response = res.getDecision().toString();
-		Iterator<AttributeCategory> it_attr_cat = res.getAttributes()
-				.iterator();
-		UUID req_id_from_xacml_response = null;
-		String operation_from_xacml_response = "";
+		Result res = itRes.next();
+		String decisionFromXACMLResponse = res.getDecision().toString();
+		Iterator<AttributeCategory> itAttrCat = res.getAttributes().iterator();
+		UUID reqIDFromXACMLResponse = null;
+		String operationFromXACMLResponse = "";
 
-		while (it_attr_cat.hasNext()) {
-			Iterator<Attribute> it_attr = it_attr_cat.next().getAttributes()
+		while (itAttrCat.hasNext()) {
+			Iterator<Attribute> itAttr = itAttrCat.next().getAttributes()
 					.iterator();
-			while (it_attr.hasNext()) {
-				Attribute current_attr = it_attr.next();
-				String s = current_attr.getAttributeId().stringValue();
+			while (itAttr.hasNext()) {
+				Attribute currentAttr = itAttr.next();
+				String s = currentAttr.getAttributeId().stringValue();
 				if ("urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:request:request-id".equals(s)) {
-					Iterator<AttributeValue<?>> it_values = current_attr
-							.getValues().iterator();
-					req_id_from_xacml_response = UUID.fromString(it_values
-							.next().getValue().toString());
+					Iterator<AttributeValue<?>> itValues = currentAttr.getValues().iterator();
+					reqIDFromXACMLResponse = UUID.fromString(itValues	.next().getValue().toString());
 				}
-				if ("urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:operation:operation-id"
-						.equals(s)) {
-					Iterator<AttributeValue<?>> it_values = current_attr
-							.getValues().iterator();
-					operation_from_xacml_response = it_values.next().getValue()
-							.toString();
+				if ("urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:operation:operation-id"	.equals(s)) {
+					Iterator<AttributeValue<?>> itValues = currentAttr.getValues().iterator();
+					operationFromXACMLResponse = itValues.next().getValue().toString();
 				}
-
 			}
 		}
 
-		return new PolicyGuardResponse(decision_from_xacml_response,
-				req_id_from_xacml_response, operation_from_xacml_response);
+		return new PolicyGuardResponse(decisionFromXACMLResponse,
+				reqIDFromXACMLResponse, operationFromXACMLResponse);
 
 	}
 
@@ -306,36 +251,45 @@ public class PolicyGuardXacmlHelper {
 		String timeoutString = properties.getProperty("pdpx.timeout");
 		String disabledString = properties.getProperty("guard.disabled");
 
-		if (disabledString != null) {
-			// decode optional 'guard.disabled' parameter
-			disabled = new Boolean(disabledString);
-			if (disabled) {
-				// skip everything else
-				return;
+		if (disabledString != null && Boolean.parseBoolean(disabledString)) {
+			return;
+		}
+
+		ArrayList<URLEntry> entries = initEntries(properties, sb);
+
+		if (entries.isEmpty()) {
+			sb.append("'pdpx.*' -- no URLs specified, ");
+		} else {
+			restUrls = entries.toArray(new URLEntry[0]);
+		}
+
+		if (timeoutString != null) {
+			try {
+				// decode optional 'pdpx.timeout' parameter
+				timeout = Integer.valueOf(timeoutString);
+			} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
+				sb.append("'pdpx.timeout': " + e + ", ");
+				logger.trace(e.getLocalizedMessage());
 			}
 		}
 
-		/*
-		 * Decode 'pdpx.*' parameters
-		 */
-
-		// first, the default parameters
-		String defaultUser = properties.getProperty("pdpx.username");
-		String defaultPassword = properties
-				.getProperty("pdpx.password");
-		String defaultClientUser = properties
-				.getProperty("pdpx.client.username");
-		String defaultClientPassword = properties
-				.getProperty("pdpx.client.password");
-		String defaultEnvironment = properties
-				.getProperty("pdpx.environment");
 
+		// if there are any errors, update 'errorMessage' & disable guard
+		// queries
+		if (sb.length() != 0) {
+			// remove the terminating ", ", and extract resulting error message
+			sb.setLength(sb.length() - 2);
+			String errorMessage = sb.toString();
+			logger.error("Initialization failure: {}", errorMessage);
+		}
+	}
+
+	private ArrayList<URLEntry> initEntries(Properties properties, StringBuilder sb) {
 		// now, see which numeric entries (1-9) exist
 		ArrayList<URLEntry> entries = new ArrayList<>();
 
 		for (int index = 0; index < 10; index += 1) {
 			String urlPrefix = "guard.";
-			String pdpxPrefix = "pdpx.";
 			if (index != 0) {
 				urlPrefix = urlPrefix + index + ".";
 			}
@@ -353,102 +307,83 @@ public class PolicyGuardXacmlHelper {
 			// URL,user
 			// URL,user,password
 			for (String restURL : restURLlist.split("\\s*;\\s*")) {
-				String[] segments = restURL.split("\\s*,\\s*");
-				String user = null;
-				String password = null;
-
-				if (segments.length >= 2) {
-					// user id is provided
-					restURL = segments[0];
-					user = segments[1];
-					if (segments.length >= 3) {
-						// password is also provided
-						password = segments[2];
-					}
-				}
-
-				// URL does exist -- create the entry
-				URLEntry urlEntry = new URLEntry();
-				try {
-					urlEntry.restURL = new URL(restURL);
-				} catch (java.net.MalformedURLException e) {
-					// if we don't have a URL,
-					// don't bother with the rest on this one
-					sb.append("'").append(urlPrefix).append("url' '")
-							.append(restURL).append("': ").append(e)
-							.append(",");
-					continue;
-				}
-
-				if (nullOrEmpty(user)) {
-					// user id was not provided on '*.url' line --
-					// extract it from a separate property
-					user = properties.getProperty(pdpxPrefix + "username", defaultUser);
-				}
-				if (nullOrEmpty(password)) {
-					// password was not provided on '*.url' line --
-					// extract it from a separate property
-					password = properties.getProperty(pdpxPrefix + "password",
-							defaultPassword);
-				}
-
-				// see if 'user' and 'password' entries both exist
-				if (!nullOrEmpty(user) && !nullOrEmpty(password)) {
-					urlEntry.authorization = "Basic "
-							+ Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(
-									(user + ":" + password).getBytes());
-				}
-
-				// see if 'client.user' and 'client.password' entries both exist
-				String clientUser = properties.getProperty(pdpxPrefix
-						+ "client.username", defaultClientUser);
-				String clientPassword = properties.getProperty(pdpxPrefix
-						+ "client.password", defaultClientPassword);
-				if (!nullOrEmpty(clientUser) && !nullOrEmpty(clientPassword)) {
-					urlEntry.clientAuth = "Basic "
-							+ Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(
-									(clientUser + ":" + clientPassword)
-											.getBytes());
+				URLEntry entry = initRestURL(properties, sb, restURL);
+				// include this URLEntry in the list
+				if (entry != null) {
+					entries.add(entry);
 				}
+			}
+		}
 
-				// see if there is an 'environment' entry
-				String environment = properties.getProperty(pdpxPrefix
-						+ "environment", defaultEnvironment);
-				if (!nullOrEmpty(environment)) {
-					urlEntry.environment = environment;
-				}
+		return entries;
+	}
 
-				// include this URLEntry in the list
-				entries.add(urlEntry);
+	private URLEntry initRestURL(Properties properties, StringBuilder sb, String restURL) {
+		String urlPrefix = "guard.";
+		String pdpxPrefix = "pdpx.";
+
+		String[] segments = restURL.split("\\s*,\\s*");
+		String user = null;
+		String password = null;
+
+		if (segments.length >= 2) {
+			// user id is provided
+			restURL = segments[0];
+			user = segments[1];
+			if (segments.length >= 3) {
+				// password is also provided
+				password = segments[2];
 			}
 		}
 
-		if (entries.size() == 0) {
-			sb.append("'pdpx.*' -- no URLs specified, ");
-		} else {
-			restUrls = entries.toArray(new URLEntry[0]);
+		// URL does exist -- create the entry
+		URLEntry urlEntry = new URLEntry();
+		try {
+			urlEntry.restURL = new URL(restURL);
+		} catch (java.net.MalformedURLException e) {
+			// if we don't have a URL,
+			// don't bother with the rest on this one
+			sb.append("'").append(urlPrefix).append("url' '")
+			.append(restURL).append("': ").append(e)
+			.append(",");
+			return null;
 		}
 
-		if (timeoutString != null) {
-			try {
-				// decode optional 'pdpx.timeout' parameter
-				timeout = Integer.valueOf(timeoutString);
-			} catch (NumberFormatException e) {
-				sb.append("'pdpx.timeout': " + e + ", ");
-				logger.trace(e.getLocalizedMessage());
-			}
+		if (nullOrEmpty(user)) {
+			// user id was not provided on '*.url' line --
+			// extract it from a separate property
+			user = properties.getProperty(pdpxPrefix + "username", properties.getProperty("pdpx.username"));
+		}
+		if (nullOrEmpty(password)) {
+			// password was not provided on '*.url' line --
+			// extract it from a separate property
+			password = properties.getProperty(pdpxPrefix + "password", properties.getProperty("pdpx.password"));
 		}
 
+		// see if 'user' and 'password' entries both exist
+		if (!nullOrEmpty(user) && !nullOrEmpty(password)) {
+			urlEntry.authorization = "Basic "
+					+ Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(
+							(user + ":" + password).getBytes());
+		}
 
-		// if there are any errors, update 'errorMessage' & disable guard
-		// queries
-		if (sb.length() != 0) {
-			// remove the terminating ", ", and extract resulting error message
-			sb.setLength(sb.length() - 2);
-			errorMessage = sb.toString();
-			disabled = true;
-			logger.error("Initialization failure: " + errorMessage);
+		// see if 'client.user' and 'client.password' entries both exist
+		String clientUser = properties.getProperty(pdpxPrefix     + "client.username", properties.getProperty("pdpx.client.username"));
+		String clientPassword = properties.getProperty(pdpxPrefix + "client.password", properties.getProperty("pdpx.client.password"));
+		if (!nullOrEmpty(clientUser) && !nullOrEmpty(clientPassword)) {
+			urlEntry.clientAuth = "Basic "
+					+ Base64.getEncoder().encodeToString(
+							(clientUser + ":" + clientPassword)
+							.getBytes());
 		}
+
+		// see if there is an 'environment' entry
+		String environment = properties.getProperty(pdpxPrefix + "environment", properties.getProperty("pdpx.environment"));
+		if (!nullOrEmpty(environment)) {
+			urlEntry.environment = environment;
+		}
+
+		return urlEntry;
 	}
 
 	/**
@@ -459,8 +394,37 @@ public class PolicyGuardXacmlHelper {
 	 * @return 'true' if the string is 'null' or has a length of 0, 'false'
 	 *         otherwise
 	 */
-	static private boolean nullOrEmpty(String value) {
+	private static boolean nullOrEmpty(String value) {
 		return (value == null || value.isEmpty());
 	}
 
+	private static String readResponseFromStream(InputStream iStream, int contentLength) throws IOException {
+		// if content length is -1, response is chunked, and
+		// TCP connection will be dropped at the end
+		byte[] buf = new byte[contentLength < 0 ? 1024: contentLength];
+		int offset = 0;
+		do {
+			int size = iStream.read(buf, offset, buf.length - offset);
+			if (size < 0) {
+				// In a chunked response a dropped connection is expected, but not if the response is not chunked
+				if (contentLength > 0) {
+					logger.error("partial input stream");
+				}
+				break;
+			}
+			offset += size;
+		} while (offset != contentLength);
+
+		String response = new String(buf, 0, offset);
+
+		//
+		// Connection may have failed or not been 200 OK, return Indeterminate
+		//
+		if (response.isEmpty()) {
+			return Util.INDETERMINATE;
+		}
+
+		return new JSONObject(response).getString("decision");
+
+	}
 }
diff --git a/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PolicyGuardXacmlRequestAttributes.java b/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PolicyGuardXacmlRequestAttributes.java
index 115108219..70291001a 100644
--- a/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PolicyGuardXacmlRequestAttributes.java
+++ b/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PolicyGuardXacmlRequestAttributes.java
@@ -26,118 +26,76 @@ import com.att.research.xacml.std.annotations.XACMLRequest;
 import com.att.research.xacml.std.annotations.XACMLResource;
 import com.att.research.xacml.std.annotations.XACMLSubject;
 
-
-
 @XACMLRequest(ReturnPolicyIdList=true,CombinedDecision=true)
 public class PolicyGuardXacmlRequestAttributes {
 
-		
-		
-
-		public PolicyGuardXacmlRequestAttributes(String clname_id, String actor_id, String operation_id, String target_id,
-				String request_id) {
-			super();
-			this.clname_id = clname_id;
-			this.actor_id = actor_id;
-			this.operation_id = operation_id;
-			this.target_id = target_id;
-			this.request_id = request_id;
-		}
-
-
-
-		@Override
-		public String toString() {
-			return "PolicyGuardXacmlRequestAttributes [actor_id=" + actor_id + ", operation_id=" + operation_id
-					+ ", target_id=" + target_id + ", request_id=" + request_id + "]";
-		}
-
-
-
-		//@XACMLSubject(includeInResults=true, attributeId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:subject:subject-id")
-		//String	userID;
-		
-		//@XACMLAction()
-		//String	action;
-		
-		@XACMLSubject(includeInResults=true, attributeId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:clname:clname-id")
-		String	clname_id;
-		
-		@XACMLSubject(includeInResults=true, attributeId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:actor:actor-id")
-		String	actor_id;
-		
-		@XACMLAction(includeInResults=true, attributeId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:operation:operation-id")
-		String	operation_id;
-		
-		//@XACMLResource(includeInResults=true, attributeId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:resource:resource-id123")
-		//String	resource;
-		
-		@XACMLResource(includeInResults=true, attributeId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:target:target-id")
-		String	target_id;
-		
-		@XACMLResource(includeInResults=true, attributeId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:request:request-id")
-		String	request_id;
-
-		public String getActor_id() {
-			return actor_id;
-		}
-
-
-
-		public void setActor_id(String actor_id) {
-			this.actor_id = actor_id;
-		}
-
-
-
-		public String getOperation_id() {
-			return operation_id;
-		}
-
-
-
-		public void setOperation_id(String operation_id) {
-			this.operation_id = operation_id;
-		}
-
-
-
-		public String getTarget_id() {
-			return target_id;
-		}
+	public PolicyGuardXacmlRequestAttributes(String clnameID, String actorID, String operationID, String targetID, String requestID) {
+		super();
+		this.clnameID = clnameID;
+		this.actorID = actorID;
+		this.operationID = operationID;
+		this.targetID = targetID;
+		this.requestID = requestID;
+	}
 
+	@Override
+	public String toString() {
+		return "PolicyGuardXacmlRequestAttributes [actorID=" + actorID + ", operationID=" + operationID
+				+ ", targetID=" + targetID + ", requestID=" + requestID + "]";
+	}
 
+	@XACMLSubject(includeInResults=true, attributeId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:clname:clname-id")
+	String	clnameID;
 
-		public void setTarget_id(String target_id) {
-			this.target_id = target_id;
-		}
+	@XACMLSubject(includeInResults=true, attributeId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:actor:actor-id")
+	String	actorID;
 
+	@XACMLAction(includeInResults=true, attributeId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:operation:operation-id")
+	String	operationID;
 
+	@XACMLResource(includeInResults=true, attributeId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:target:target-id")
+	String	targetID;
 
-		public String getRequest_id() {
-			return request_id;
-		}
+	@XACMLResource(includeInResults=true, attributeId="urn:oasis:names:tc:xacml:1.0:request:request-id")
+	String	requestID;
 
+	public String getActorID() {
+		return actorID;
+	}
 
+	public void setActorID(String actorID) {
+		this.actorID = actorID;
+	}
 
-		public void setRequest_id(String request_id) {
-			this.request_id = request_id;
-		}
+	public String getOperationID() {
+		return operationID;
+	}
 
+	public void setOperationID(String operationID) {
+		this.operationID = operationID;
+	}
 
+	public String getTargetID() {
+		return targetID;
+	}
 
-		public String getClname_id() {
-			return clname_id;
-		}
+	public void setTargetID(String targetID) {
+		this.targetID = targetID;
+	}
 
+	public String getRequestID() {
+		return requestID;
+	}
 
+	public void setRequestID(String requestID) {
+		this.requestID = requestID;
+	}
 
-		public void setClname_id(String clname_id) {
-			this.clname_id = clname_id;
-		}
-		
-		
-		
-		
-	};
+	public String getClnameID() {
+		return clnameID;
+	}
 
+	public void setClnameID(String clnameID) {
+		this.clnameID = clnameID;
+	}
+}
diff --git a/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PolicyGuardYamlToXacml.java b/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PolicyGuardYamlToXacml.java
index aef86f320..bb6ae49c8 100644
--- a/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PolicyGuardYamlToXacml.java
+++ b/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/PolicyGuardYamlToXacml.java
@@ -25,22 +25,23 @@ import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
 import java.nio.file.Paths;
 import java.util.List;
-import java.util.Map;
 import java.util.regex.Matcher;
 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
 
+import org.onap.policy.controlloop.policy.guard.Constraint;
 import org.onap.policy.controlloop.policy.guard.ControlLoopGuard;
+import org.onap.policy.controlloop.policy.guard.MatchParameters;
 import org.slf4j.Logger;
 import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
 
-
-
 public class PolicyGuardYamlToXacml {
-	
 	private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PolicyGuardYamlToXacml.class);
-	
-	public static void fromYamlToXacml(String yamlFile, String xacmlTemplate, String xacmlPolicyOutput){
-		
+
+	private PolicyGuardYamlToXacml() {
+		// Construction of this static class is not allowed
+	}
+
+	public static void fromYamlToXacml(String yamlFile, String xacmlTemplate, String xacmlPolicyOutput) {
 		ControlLoopGuard yamlGuardObject = Util.loadYamlGuard(yamlFile);
 		logger.debug("clname: {}", yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getMatch_parameters().getControlLoopName());
 		logger.debug("actor: {}", yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getMatch_parameters().getActor());
@@ -48,212 +49,160 @@ public class PolicyGuardYamlToXacml {
 		logger.debug("num: {}", yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getLimit_constraints().getFirst().getFreq_limit_per_target());
 		logger.debug("duration: {}", yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getLimit_constraints().getFirst().getTime_window());
 		logger.debug("time_in_range: {}", yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getLimit_constraints().getFirst().getActive_time_range());
-		
+
 		Path xacmlTemplatePath = Paths.get(xacmlTemplate);
-        String xacmlTemplateContent;
-		
-        try {
+		String xacmlTemplateContent;
+
+		try {
 			xacmlTemplateContent = new String(Files.readAllBytes(xacmlTemplatePath));
-			
-	        String xacmlPolicyContent = generateXacmlGuard(xacmlTemplateContent,
-	        		yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getMatch_parameters().getControlLoopName(),
-	        		yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getMatch_parameters().getActor(),
-	        		yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getMatch_parameters().getRecipe(),
-	        		yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getMatch_parameters().getTargets(),
-	        		yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getLimit_constraints().getFirst().getFreq_limit_per_target(),
-	        		yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getLimit_constraints().getFirst().getTime_window(),
-	        		yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getLimit_constraints().getFirst().getActive_time_range().get("start"),
-	        		yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getLimit_constraints().getFirst().getActive_time_range().get("end")
-	        		);
-	        
-	
-	        Files.write(Paths.get(xacmlPolicyOutput), xacmlPolicyContent.getBytes());
-        
+
+			String xacmlPolicyContent = generateXACMLGuard(xacmlTemplateContent,
+					yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getMatch_parameters(),
+					yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getLimit_constraints().getFirst()
+					);
+
+			Files.write(Paths.get(xacmlPolicyOutput), xacmlPolicyContent.getBytes());
+
 		} catch (IOException e) {
 			logger.error("fromYamlToXacml threw: ", e);
 		}
-		
 	}
-	
-	
-	
-	public static String	generateXacmlGuard(String xacmlFileContent, 
-			String clname,
-			String actor, 
-			String recipe,
-			List<String> targets,
-			Integer limit,
-			Map<String,String> timeWindow,
-			String guardActiveStart, 
-			String guardActiveEnd) {
 
+	private static String generateXACMLGuard(String xacmlTemplateContent, MatchParameters matchParameters, Constraint constraint) {
 		Pattern p = Pattern.compile("\\$\\{clname\\}");
-		Matcher m = p.matcher(xacmlFileContent);
-		if(isNullOrEmpty(clname)) clname = ".*";
-		xacmlFileContent = m.replaceAll(clname);
-		
+		Matcher m = p.matcher(xacmlTemplateContent);
+		if (isNullOrEmpty(matchParameters.getControlLoopName())) matchParameters.setControlLoopName(".*");
+		xacmlTemplateContent = m.replaceAll(matchParameters.getControlLoopName());
+
 		p = Pattern.compile("\\$\\{actor\\}");
-		m = p.matcher(xacmlFileContent);
-		if(isNullOrEmpty(actor)) actor = ".*";
-		xacmlFileContent = m.replaceAll(actor);
+		m = p.matcher(xacmlTemplateContent);
+		if(isNullOrEmpty(matchParameters.getActor())) matchParameters.setActor(".*");
+		xacmlTemplateContent = m.replaceAll(matchParameters.getActor());
 
 		p = Pattern.compile("\\$\\{recipe\\}");
-		m = p.matcher(xacmlFileContent);
-		if(isNullOrEmpty(recipe)) recipe = ".*";
-		xacmlFileContent = m.replaceAll(recipe);
-		
+		m = p.matcher(xacmlTemplateContent);
+		if(isNullOrEmpty(matchParameters.getRecipe())) matchParameters.setRecipe(".*");
+		xacmlTemplateContent = m.replaceAll(matchParameters.getRecipe());
+
 		p = Pattern.compile("\\$\\{targets\\}");
-		m = p.matcher(xacmlFileContent);
+		m = p.matcher(xacmlTemplateContent);
 		String targetsRegex = "";
-		if(isNullOrEmptyList(targets)){ 
+		if(isNullOrEmptyList(matchParameters.getTargets())) { 
 			targetsRegex = ".*";
 		}
-		else{
-			for(String t : targets){
-				targetsRegex += (t + "|");
-				
+		else {
+			StringBuilder targetsRegexSB = new StringBuilder();
+			boolean addBarChar = false;
+			for (String t : matchParameters.getTargets()){
+				targetsRegexSB.append(t);
+				if (addBarChar) {
+					targetsRegexSB.append("|");
+				}
+				else {
+					addBarChar = true;
+				}
 			}
-			targetsRegex = targetsRegex.substring(0, targetsRegex.length()-1);
+			targetsRegex = targetsRegexSB.toString();
 		}
-		xacmlFileContent = m.replaceAll(targetsRegex);
+		xacmlTemplateContent = m.replaceAll(targetsRegex);
 
 		p = Pattern.compile("\\$\\{limit\\}");
-		m = p.matcher(xacmlFileContent);
-		xacmlFileContent = m.replaceAll(limit.toString());
-		
-		
-		//p = Pattern.compile("\\$\\{timeWindow\\}");
-		//m = p.matcher(xacmlFileContent);
-		//xacmlFileContent = m.replaceAll("tw"+timeWindow);
-		
+		m = p.matcher(xacmlTemplateContent);
+		xacmlTemplateContent = m.replaceAll(constraint.getFreq_limit_per_target().toString());
+
 		p = Pattern.compile("\\$\\{twValue\\}");
-		m = p.matcher(xacmlFileContent);
-		xacmlFileContent = m.replaceAll(timeWindow.get("value"));
-		
+		m = p.matcher(xacmlTemplateContent);
+		xacmlTemplateContent = m.replaceAll(constraint.getTime_window().get("value"));
+
 		p = Pattern.compile("\\$\\{twUnits\\}");
-		m = p.matcher(xacmlFileContent);
-		xacmlFileContent = m.replaceAll(timeWindow.get("units"));
-		
+		m = p.matcher(xacmlTemplateContent);
+		xacmlTemplateContent = m.replaceAll(constraint.getTime_window().get("units"));
+
 
 		p = Pattern.compile("\\$\\{guardActiveStart\\}");
-		m = p.matcher(xacmlFileContent);
-		xacmlFileContent = m.replaceAll(guardActiveStart);
+		m = p.matcher(xacmlTemplateContent);
+		xacmlTemplateContent = m.replaceAll(constraint.getActive_time_range().get("start"));
 
 		p = Pattern.compile("\\$\\{guardActiveEnd\\}");
-		m = p.matcher(xacmlFileContent);
-		xacmlFileContent = m.replaceAll(guardActiveEnd);
-		logger.debug(xacmlFileContent);
+		m = p.matcher(xacmlTemplateContent);
+		xacmlTemplateContent = m.replaceAll(constraint.getActive_time_range().get("end"));
+		logger.debug(xacmlTemplateContent);
 
-		return xacmlFileContent;
+		return xacmlTemplateContent;
 	}
-	
-	public static boolean isNullOrEmpty(String s){
-		
-		if(s == null){
-			return true;
-		}
-		else if(s.equals("")){
-			return true;
-		}
-		return false;
-		
+
+	public static boolean isNullOrEmpty(String s) {
+		return s == null || s.trim().isEmpty();
 	}
-	
+
 	public static boolean isNullOrEmptyList(List<String> list){
-		
-		if(list == null){
-			return true;
-		}
-		else if(list.isEmpty()){
-			return true;
-		}
-		return false;
-		
+		return list == null || list.isEmpty();
 	}
 
-	
 	public static void fromYamlToXacmlBlacklist(String yamlFile, String xacmlTemplate, String xacmlPolicyOutput){
-		
 		ControlLoopGuard yamlGuardObject = Util.loadYamlGuard(yamlFile);
 		logger.debug("actor: {}", yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getMatch_parameters().getActor());
 		logger.debug("recipe: {}", yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getMatch_parameters().getRecipe());
 		logger.debug("freq_limit_per_target: {}", yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getLimit_constraints().getFirst().getFreq_limit_per_target());
 		logger.debug("time_window: {}", yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getLimit_constraints().getFirst().getTime_window());
 		logger.debug("active_time_range: {}", yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getLimit_constraints().getFirst().getActive_time_range());
-		
+
 		Path xacmlTemplatePath = Paths.get(xacmlTemplate);
-        String xacmlTemplateContent;
-		
-        try {
+		String xacmlTemplateContent;
+
+		try {
 			xacmlTemplateContent = new String(Files.readAllBytes(xacmlTemplatePath));
-			
-	        String xacmlPolicyContent = generateXacmlGuardBlacklist(xacmlTemplateContent,
-	        		yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getMatch_parameters().getControlLoopName(),
-	        		yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getMatch_parameters().getActor(),
-	        		yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getMatch_parameters().getRecipe(),
-	        		yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getLimit_constraints().getFirst().getBlacklist(),
-	        		yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getLimit_constraints().getFirst().getActive_time_range().get("start"),
-	        		yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getLimit_constraints().getFirst().getActive_time_range().get("end")
-	        		);
-	        
-	
-	        Files.write(Paths.get(xacmlPolicyOutput), xacmlPolicyContent.getBytes());
-        
+			String xacmlPolicyContent = generateXacmlGuardBlacklist(xacmlTemplateContent,
+					yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getMatch_parameters(),
+					yamlGuardObject.getGuards().getFirst().getLimit_constraints().getFirst()
+					);
+
+			Files.write(Paths.get(xacmlPolicyOutput), xacmlPolicyContent.getBytes());
+
 		} catch (IOException e) {
 			logger.error("fromYamlToXacmlBlacklist threw: ", e);
 		}
-		
 	}
-	
-	public static String	generateXacmlGuardBlacklist(String xacmlFileContent, 
-			String clname,
-			String actor, 
-			String recipe, 
-			List<String> blacklist,
-			String guardActiveStart, 
-			String guardActiveEnd) {
-
-		
+
+	private static String generateXacmlGuardBlacklist(String xacmlTemplateContent, MatchParameters matchParameters, Constraint constraint) {
 		Pattern p = Pattern.compile("\\$\\{clname\\}");
-		Matcher m = p.matcher(xacmlFileContent);
-		if(isNullOrEmpty(clname)) clname = ".*";
-		xacmlFileContent = m.replaceAll(clname);
-		
+		Matcher m = p.matcher(xacmlTemplateContent);
+		if(isNullOrEmpty(matchParameters.getControlLoopName())) matchParameters.setControlLoopName(".*");
+		xacmlTemplateContent = m.replaceAll(matchParameters.getControlLoopName());
+
 		p = Pattern.compile("\\$\\{actor\\}");
-		m = p.matcher(xacmlFileContent);
-		if(isNullOrEmpty(actor)) actor = ".*";
-		xacmlFileContent = m.replaceAll(actor);
+		m = p.matcher(xacmlTemplateContent);
+		if(isNullOrEmpty(matchParameters.getActor())) matchParameters.setActor(".*");
+		xacmlTemplateContent = m.replaceAll(matchParameters.getActor());
 
 		p = Pattern.compile("\\$\\{recipe\\}");
-		m = p.matcher(xacmlFileContent);
-		if(isNullOrEmpty(recipe)) recipe = ".*";
-		xacmlFileContent = m.replaceAll(recipe);
-		
+		m = p.matcher(xacmlTemplateContent);
+		if(isNullOrEmpty(matchParameters.getRecipe())) matchParameters.setRecipe(".*");
+		xacmlTemplateContent = m.replaceAll(matchParameters.getRecipe());
+
 		p = Pattern.compile("\\$\\{guardActiveStart\\}");
-		m = p.matcher(xacmlFileContent);
-		xacmlFileContent = m.replaceAll(guardActiveStart);
+		m = p.matcher(xacmlTemplateContent);
+		xacmlTemplateContent = m.replaceAll(constraint.getActive_time_range().get("start"));
 
 		p = Pattern.compile("\\$\\{guardActiveEnd\\}");
-		m = p.matcher(xacmlFileContent);
-		xacmlFileContent = m.replaceAll(guardActiveEnd);
-		logger.debug(xacmlFileContent);
-		
-		for(String target : blacklist){
+		m = p.matcher(xacmlTemplateContent);
+		xacmlTemplateContent = m.replaceAll(constraint.getActive_time_range().get("end"));
+		logger.debug(xacmlTemplateContent);
+
+		for(String target : constraint.getBlacklist()){
 			p = Pattern.compile("\\$\\{blackListElement\\}");
-			m = p.matcher(xacmlFileContent);
-			xacmlFileContent = m.replaceAll("<AttributeValue DataType=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string\">" 
-											+ target
-											+ "</AttributeValue>"
-											+ "\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\\$\\{blackListElement\\}\n");
+			m = p.matcher(xacmlTemplateContent);
+			xacmlTemplateContent = m.replaceAll("<AttributeValue DataType=\"http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema#string\">" 
+					+ target
+					+ "</AttributeValue>"
+					+ "\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\\$\\{blackListElement\\}\n");
 		}
-		
+
 		p = Pattern.compile("\t\t\t\t\t\t\\$\\{blackListElement\\}\n");
-		m = p.matcher(xacmlFileContent);
-		xacmlFileContent = m.replaceAll("");
-		
-		
-		return xacmlFileContent;
+		m = p.matcher(xacmlTemplateContent);
+		xacmlTemplateContent = m.replaceAll("");
+
+
+		return xacmlTemplateContent;
 	}
-	
-	
 }
diff --git a/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/Util.java b/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/Util.java
index 93bdc0c37..53e7a5e50 100644
--- a/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/Util.java
+++ b/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/Util.java
@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@
 
 package org.onap.policy.guard;
 
-import static org.junit.Assert.fail;
-
 import java.io.File;
 import java.io.FileInputStream;
 import java.io.IOException;
@@ -38,6 +36,9 @@ import org.yaml.snakeyaml.Yaml;
 import org.yaml.snakeyaml.constructor.Constructor;
 
 public final class Util {
+	private Util() {
+		// This static class cannot be instantiated
+	}
 	
 	/*
 	 * Keys for guard properties
@@ -75,6 +76,7 @@ public final class Util {
 	protected static final String JUNITPU = "TestOperationsHistoryPU";
 
 	private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Util.class);
+	
 	public static class Pair<A, B> {
 		public final A a;
 		public final B b;
@@ -85,7 +87,7 @@ public final class Util {
 		}
 	}
 	
-	public static Pair<ControlLoopPolicy, String>	loadYaml(String testFile) {
+	public static Pair<ControlLoopPolicy, String> loadYaml(String testFile) {
 		try (InputStream is = new FileInputStream(new File(testFile))) {
 			String contents = IOUtils.toString(is, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
 			//
@@ -96,15 +98,14 @@ public final class Util {
 			
 			logger.debug(contents);
 			
-			return new Pair<ControlLoopPolicy, String>((ControlLoopPolicy) obj, contents);
+			return new Pair<>((ControlLoopPolicy) obj, contents);
 		} catch (IOException e) {
 			logger.error(e.getLocalizedMessage(), e);
-			fail(e.getLocalizedMessage());
 		}
 		return null;
 	}
 	
-	public static ControlLoopGuard	loadYamlGuard(String testFile) {
+	public static ControlLoopGuard loadYamlGuard(String testFile) {
 		try (InputStream is = new FileInputStream(new File(testFile))) {
 			String contents = IOUtils.toString(is, StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
 			//
@@ -115,7 +116,6 @@ public final class Util {
 			return (ControlLoopGuard) obj;
 		} catch (IOException e) {
 			logger.error(e.getLocalizedMessage(), e);
-			fail(e.getLocalizedMessage());
 		}
 		return null;
 	}
@@ -126,7 +126,7 @@ public final class Util {
 	 *  @see /guard/src/test/java/org/onap/policy/guard/UtilTest.java 
 	 *  for setting test properties
 	 */
-	public static void setGuardEnvProps(String url, String username, String password, String clientName, String clientPassword, String environment){
+	public static void setGuardEnvProps(String url, String username, String password, String clientName, String clientPassword, String environment) {
 		PolicyEngine.manager.setEnvironmentProperty(org.onap.policy.guard.Util.PROP_GUARD_URL,         url);
 		PolicyEngine.manager.setEnvironmentProperty(org.onap.policy.guard.Util.PROP_GUARD_USER,        username);
 		PolicyEngine.manager.setEnvironmentProperty(org.onap.policy.guard.Util.PROP_GUARD_PASS,        password);
@@ -134,11 +134,12 @@ public final class Util {
 		PolicyEngine.manager.setEnvironmentProperty(org.onap.policy.guard.Util.PROP_GUARD_CLIENT_PASS, clientPassword);
 		PolicyEngine.manager.setEnvironmentProperty(org.onap.policy.guard.Util.PROP_GUARD_ENV,         environment);
 	}
+	
 	public static void setGuardEnvProp(String key, String value){
 		PolicyEngine.manager.setEnvironmentProperty(key, value);
 	}
+	
 	public static String getGuardProp(String propName){
 		return PolicyEngine.manager.getEnvironmentProperty(propName);
 	}
-
 }
diff --git a/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/impl/PNFTargetLock.java b/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/impl/PNFTargetLock.java
index 62ddb0d71..d9335ea3d 100644
--- a/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/impl/PNFTargetLock.java
+++ b/controlloop/common/guard/src/main/java/org/onap/policy/guard/impl/PNFTargetLock.java
@@ -49,7 +49,7 @@ public class PNFTargetLock implements TargetLock, Serializable {
 	}
 
 	@Override
-	public UUID		getLockID() {
+	public UUID	getLockID() {
 		return this.lockID;
 	}