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+include "globals.mzn";
+
+int: NCR; % number of cloud regions
+int: N_ATTR; % number of capability related attributes
+array[1..N_ATTR] of float: w_attr; % weights of each attribute
+
+int: N_UTILIZATION_METRICS; % number of dynamic capacity metrics of interest
+% set of 1..N_UTILIZATION_METRICS: U_METRICS;
+array[1..N_UTILIZATION_METRICS] of float: w_metrics; % weights of each capacity metric
+
+int: cust_type; % customer type, 0 = regular, 1 = silver, 2 = gold
+int: N_VMS; % number of VMs in VNF
+int: N_CAPM; % number of metrics for cloud region capacity check
+int: MIN_GUAR_ADDL_WT; % additional weight for min guarantee capability
+
+float: C_ALLOC_THRESHOLD; % allocation threshold for cloud
+float: CUST_ALLOC_THRESHOLD; % allocation threshold for customer in cloud
+float: AVG_CPU_UTILIZATION_THRESHOLD;
+float: PEAK_CPU_UTILIZATION_THRESHOLD;
+
+int: u_lat;
+int: u_lon;
+float: dist_norm;
+float: max_dist_ue;
+array[1..NCR] of int: cr_lat;
+array[1..NCR] of int: cr_lon;
+
+enum CUST_TYPES = { STANDARD, SILVER, GOLD };
+enum ATTRIBUTES = { CORE_DC, DIRECT_CONN, MIN_GUARANTEE, SRIOV };
+enum METRICS = { AVG_CPU_UTILIZATION, PEAK_CPU_UTILIZATION };
+enum CLOUD_REGION_CAPACITY = {CPU_CLOUD, MEMORY_CLOUD};
+enum WL_TYPES = { W1, W2, W3, W4, W5 };
+int: N_WL;
+
+% set of 1..N_CAPM: CAP_METRICS;
+
+% whether a cloud region has the corresponding capability -- data will be customer specific
+array[1..NCR, 1..N_ATTR] of int: capabilities;
+array[1..NCR, 1..N_UTILIZATION_METRICS] of float: cpu_utilization; % how much capacity is already dynamically utilized (fraction)
+array[1..NCR, 1..N_CAPM] of int: c_alloc_capacity; % how much percent is already allocated in the cloud
+array[1..NCR, 1..N_CAPM] of int: c_total_capacity; % total cloud capacity
+array[1..NCR, 1..N_CAPM] of float: c_alloc_capacity_norm;
+array[1..NCR, 1..N_CAPM] of int: cust_alloc_capacity; % how much percent is already allocated in the cloud for the customer
+array[1..NCR, 1..N_CAPM] of int: cust_total_capacity; % total cloud capacity for customer
+array[1..NCR, 1..N_CAPM] of float: cust_alloc_capacity_norm;
+
+% VM requirements for each type of capacity (vm cpu, memory, etc.)
+% TODO: establish a standard for units (MB RAM, GB disk, N virtual cores, etc.)
+array[1..N_VMS, 1..N_CAPM] of int: vm_reqs;
+array[1..N_CAPM] of int: vm_reqs_sums = [ sum(k in 1..N_VMS) (vm_reqs[k,j]) | j in 1..N_CAPM ];
+array[1..NCR, 1..N_CAPM] of float: vm_reqs_sums_norm;
+%forall(i in 1..NCR, j in 1..N_CAPM) (
+% vm_reqs_sums_norm[i, j] = vm_reqs_sums[j]/c_total_capacity[i, j]
+%)
+%array[1..NCR, 1..N_CAPM] of float: vm_reqs_sums_norm = [ ((vm_reqs_sums[j]/c_total_capacity[i,j]) | j in 1..N_CAPM) | i in 1..NCR ];
+
+array[1..N_WL] of var int: s_regions; % target cloud regions (solution to the problem)
+
+function var float: dist(var int: x1, var int: y1, var int: x2, var int: y2) = (sqrt(pow((x1-x2),2) + pow((y1-y2),2)))/dist_norm;
+
+% custom constraints
+constraint forall (s in s_regions) (
+ cpu_utilization[s, AVG_CPU_UTILIZATION] <= AVG_CPU_UTILIZATION_THRESHOLD /\ % hard constraint: need some capacity available
+ cpu_utilization[s, PEAK_CPU_UTILIZATION] <= PEAK_CPU_UTILIZATION_THRESHOLD /\ % hard constraint: need some capacity available
+ cust_alloc_capacity[s, CPU_CLOUD] <= (CUST_ALLOC_THRESHOLD*(cust_total_capacity[s, CPU_CLOUD])) - (vm_reqs_sums[CPU_CLOUD]) /\
+ cust_alloc_capacity[s, MEMORY_CLOUD] <= (CUST_ALLOC_THRESHOLD*(cust_total_capacity[s, MEMORY_CLOUD])) - (vm_reqs_sums[MEMORY_CLOUD]) /\
+ c_alloc_capacity[s, CPU_CLOUD] <= (C_ALLOC_THRESHOLD*(c_total_capacity[s, CPU_CLOUD])) - (vm_reqs_sums[CPU_CLOUD]) /\
+ c_alloc_capacity[s, MEMORY_CLOUD] <= (C_ALLOC_THRESHOLD*(c_total_capacity[s, MEMORY_CLOUD])) - (vm_reqs_sums[MEMORY_CLOUD])
+);
+
+% specific constraints based on the workload
+constraint [capabilities[s_regions[x], CORE_DC] | x in WL_TYPES] = [1, 1, 0, 0, 0];
+
+constraint forall (x in [W3, W4, W5])
+(dist(u_lat, u_lon, cr_lat[s_regions[x]], cr_lon[s_regions[x]]) < max_dist_ue/dist_norm);
+
+constraint all_different([s_regions[x] | x in WL_TYPES]);
+
+% custom soft constraint for gold customers -- give a large weight to Minimum Guarantee
+var float: additional_obj = sum(s in s_regions) (bool2int(cust_type = GOLD) * capabilities[s, MIN_GUARANTEE] * MIN_GUAR_ADDL_WT);
+
+% TODO: global constraints (such as data validation)
+
+% Objective for utilization
+var float: obj_c_capacity = sum(k in 1..N_CAPM, s in s_regions) (
+ (1 - c_alloc_capacity_norm[s, k] - vm_reqs_sums_norm[s, k]) +
+% (1 - cust_alloc_capacity_norm[s, k] - vm_reqs_sums_norm[s, k]));
+ (1 - cust_alloc_capacity_norm[s, k] - vm_reqs_sums_norm[s, k]) +
+ (1 - dist(u_lat, u_lon,cr_lat[s], cr_lon[s])));
+
+% Objective for utilization
+var float: obj_utilization = sum(k in 1..N_UTILIZATION_METRICS, s in s_regions) ( w_metrics[k] * (1 - cpu_utilization[s, k]) );
+
+% Objective for capabilities
+var float: obj_capabilities = sum(k in 1..N_ATTR, s in s_regions) ( w_attr[k] * capabilities[s, k] );
+
+% Overall objective function
+var float: obj = obj_c_capacity + obj_utilization + obj_capabilities + additional_obj;
+
+solve maximize obj;
+
+output [ "Solution: \n"
+ ++ concat(["Cloud Region for W" ++ format(x) ++ " = " ++ format(s_regions[x]) ++ "\n" | x in 1..N_WL]) ]
+ ++ [ "Objective function value: ", show(obj), "\n", "Customer type: ", show(cust_type), "\n"];