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| author |   anujkap <anuj.kapoor@amdocs.com> | 2017-12-13 07:51:15 +0000 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | anujkap <anuj.kapoor@amdocs.com> | 2017-12-13 09:13:18 +0000 |
| commit | c57ab259cb7d9a3723af169633f4b633b78979a9 (patch) | |
| tree | 29d624b1900b3b61f154b399bfbb4981a17ad492 /docs/Logging_Enhancements_Project/logging_enhancements_project.rst | |
| parent | 02a454ac7e6b6bd4d827d9761e9d8a0908c23fc7 (diff) | |
Separate logging content from index.rst
Issue-ID: LOG-109
Change-Id: I493f3e2dcbabfec9e894622ab6432c2222cb1f46
Signed-off-by: anujkap <anuj.kapoor@amdocs.com>
Diffstat (limited to 'docs/Logging_Enhancements_Project/logging_enhancements_project.rst')
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/Logging_Enhancements_Project/logging_enhancements_project.rst | 1004 |
1 files changed, 1004 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/docs/Logging_Enhancements_Project/logging_enhancements_project.rst b/docs/Logging_Enhancements_Project/logging_enhancements_project.rst new file mode 100644 index 0000000..c74535a --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/Logging_Enhancements_Project/logging_enhancements_project.rst @@ -0,0 +1,1004 @@ + + + + +.. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. +.. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 +.. Copyright © 2017 AT&T Intellectual Property. All rights reserved. + +Logging Enhancements Project +============================ +.. contents:: + :depth: 3 +.. + +ONAP consists of many components and containers, and consequently writes +to many log files. The volume of logger output may be enormous, +especially when debugging. Large, disparate logfiles are difficult to +monitor and analyze, and tracing requests across many files, file +systems and containers is untenable without tooling. + +The problem of decentralized logger output is addressed by analytics +pipelines such as \ `*Elastic +Stack* <https://www.elastic.co/products>`__ (ELK). Elastic Stack +consumes logs, indexes their contents +in \ `*Elasticsearch* <https://www.elastic.co/products/elasticsearch>`__, +and makes them accessible, queryable and navigable via a sophisticated +UI, \ `*Kibana +Discover* <https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/kibana/current/discover.html>`__. +This elevates the importance of standardization and machine-readability. +Logfiles can remain browsable, but output can be simplified. + +Logger configurations in ONAP are diverse and idiosyncratic. Addressing +these issues will prevent costs from being externalized to consumers +such as analytics. It also affords the opportunity to remedy any issues +with the handling and propagation of contextual information such as +transaction identifiers (presently passed as \ **X-ECOMP-RequestID **- +to be\ ** X-ONAP-RequestID**). This propagation is critical to tracing +requests as they traverse ONAP and related systems, and is the basis for +many analytics functions. + +Rationalized logger configuration and output also paves the way for +other high-performance logger transports, including publishing directly +to analytics via SYSLOG +(`*RFC3164* <https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3164.txt>`__, \ `*RFC5425* <https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5425.txt>`__, \ `*RFC5426* <https://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc5426.txt>`__) +and streams, and mechanisms for durability. + +Each change is believed to be individually beneficial: + +1. The intention is to consolidate the required setup within this + project however some changes and bug fixes might have to be applied + in the relative component project, requiring each components' + co-operation on the contribution. + +2. There is an economy of scale if everything can happen under a single + remit. + +3. Standardization benefits all, including those who want to deviate + from defaults. + +ONAP Application Logging Guidelines v1.1 +---------------------------------------- + +************ +Introduction +************ + +The purpose of ONAP logging is to capture information needed to operate, +troubleshoot and report on the performance of the ONAP platform and its +constituent components. Log records may be viewed and consumed directly +by users and systems, indexed and loaded into a datastore, and used to +compute metrics and generate reports. + +The processing of a single client request will often involve multiple +ONAP components and/or subcomponents (interchangeably referred to as +application in this document). The ability to track flows across +components is critical to understanding ONAPs behavior and performance. +ONAP logging uses a universally unique RequestID value in log records to +track the processing of every client request through all the ONAP +components involved in its processing. + +A reference configuration of \ `*Elastic +Stack * <https://www.elastic.co/products>`__\ can be deployed +using \ `*ONAP Operations +Manager* <https://wiki.onap.org/display/DW/ONAP+Operations+Manager+Project>`__. + +This document gives conventions you can follow to generate conformant, +indexable logging output from your component. + +********** +How to Log +********** + +ONAP prescribes conventions. The use of certain APIs and providers is +recommended, but they are not mandatory. Most components log +via \ `*EELF* <https://github.com/att/EELF>`__ or `*SLF4J* <https://www.slf4j.org/>`__ to +a provider +like \ `*Logback* <https://logback.qos.ch/>`__ or `*Log4j* <https://logging.apache.org/log4j/2.x/>`__. + + +**EELF** + + +EELF is the\ **Event and Error Logging Framework**, described +at \ `*https://github.com/att/EELF* <https://github.com/att/EELF>`__. + +EELF abstracts your choice of logging provider, and decorates the +familiar Logger contracts with features like: + +- Localization. + +- Error codes. + +- Generated wiki documentation. + +- Separate audit, metric, security and debug logs. + +EELF is a facade, so logging output is configured in two ways: + +1. By selection of a logging provider such as Logback or Log4j, + typically via the classpath. + +2. By way of a provider configuration document, + typically \ **logback.xml** or **log4j.xml**. + See \ `*Providers* <https://wiki.onap.org/display/DW/ONAP+Application+Logging+Guidelines+v1.1#ONAPApplicationLoggingGuidelinesv1.1-Providers>`__. + + +**SLF4J** + + +`*SLF4J* <https://www.slf4j.org/>`__ is a logging facade, and a humble +masterpiece. It combines what's common to all major, modern Java logging +providers into a single interface. This decouples the caller from the +provider, and encourages the use of what's universal, familiar and +proven. + +EELF also logs via SLF4J's abstractions. + + +**Providers** + + +Logging providers are normally enabled by their presence in the +classpath. This means the decision may have been made for you, in some +cases implicitly by dependencies. If you have a strong preference then +you can change providers, but since the implementation is typically +abstracted behind EELF or SLF4J, it may not be worth the effort. + + +**Logback** + + +Logback is the most commonly used provider. It is generally configured +by an XML document named \ **logback.xml**. +See \ `*Configuration* <https://wiki.onap.org/display/DW/ONAP+Application+Logging+Guidelines+v1.1#ONAPApplicationLoggingGuidelinesv1.1-Configuration>`__. + + +**Log4j 2.X** + + +Log4j 2.X is somewhat less common than Logback, but equivalent. It is +generally configured by an XML document +named \ **log4j.xml**. See \ `*Configuration* <https://wiki.onap.org/display/DW/ONAP+Application+Logging+Guidelines+v1.1#ONAPApplicationLoggingGuidelinesv1.1-Configuration>`__. + + +**Log4j 1.X** + + +Avoid, since 1.X is EOL, and since it does not support escaping, so its +output may not be +machine-readable. See \ `*https://logging.apache.org/log4j/1.2/* <https://logging.apache.org/log4j/1.2/>`__. + +This affects existing OpenDaylight-based components like SDNC and APPC, +since ODL releases prior +to \ `*Carbon* <https://www.opendaylight.org/what-we-do/current-release>`__ bundle +Log4j 1.X, and make it difficult to replace. The \ `*Common Controller +SDK +Project* <https://wiki.onap.org/display/DW/Common+Controller+SDK+Project>`__ project +targets ODL Carbon, so the problem should resolve in time. + +What to Log +----------- + +The purpose of logging is to capture diagnostic information. + +An important aspect of this is analytics, which requires tracing of +requests between components. In a large, distributed system such as ONAP +this is critical to understanding behavior and performance. + +******************************************* +Messages, Levels, Components and Categories +******************************************* + +It isn't the aim of this document to reiterate the basics, so advice +here is general: + +- Use a logger. Consider using EELF. + +- Write log messages in English. + +- Write meaningful messages. Consider what will be useful to consumers + of logger output. + +- Use errorcodes to characterise exceptions. + +- Log at the appropriate level. Be aware of the volume of logs that + will be produced. + +- Log in a machine-readable format. See Conventions. + +- Log for analytics as well as troubleshooting. + +Others have written extensively on this: + +- `*http://www.masterzen.fr/2013/01/13/the-10-commandments-of-logging/* <http://www.masterzen.fr/2013/01/13/the-10-commandments-of-logging/>`__ + +- `*https://www.loggly.com/blog/how-to-write-effective-logs-for-remote-logging/* <https://www.loggly.com/blog/how-to-write-effective-logs-for-remote-logging/>`__ + +- And so on. + +******* +Context +******* + +**TODO: more on the importance of transaction ID propagation.** + +MDCs +---- + + +A Mapped Diagnostic Context (MDC) allows an arbitrary string-valued +attribute to be attached to a Java thread. The MDC's value is then +emitted with each log message. The set of MDCs associated with a log +message is serialized as unordered name-value pairs (see `*Text +Output* <https://wiki.onap.org/display/DW/ONAP+Application+Logging+Guidelines+v1.1#ONAPApplicationLoggingGuidelinesv1.1-TextOutput>`__). + +A good discussion of MDCs can be found +at \ `*https://logback.qos.ch/manual/mdc.html* <https://logback.qos.ch/manual/mdc.html>`__. + +**MDCs:** + +- Must be set as early in invocation as possible. + +- Must be unset on exit. + +******* +Logging +******* + +**Via SLF4J:** + +.. code-block:: java + + import java.util.UUID; + import org.slf4j.Logger; + import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; + import org.slf4j.MDC; + // ... + final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass()); + MDC.put("SomeUUID", UUID.randomUUID().toString()); + try { + logger.info("This message will have a UUID-valued 'SomeUUID' MDC attached."); + // ... + } + finally { + MDC.clear(); + } + +EELF doesn't directly support MDCs, but SLF4J will receive any MDC that +is set (where **com.att.eelf.configuration.SLF4jWrapper** is the +configured EELF provider): + +.. code-block:: java + + import java.util.UUID; + import org.slf4j.Logger; + import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; + import org.slf4j.MDC; + import com.att.eelf.configuration.EELFLogger; + import com.att.eelf.configuration.EELFManager; + // ... + final EELFLogger logger = EELFManager.getInstance().getLogger(this.getClass()); + MDC.put("SomeUUID", UUID.randomUUID().toString()); + try { + logger.info("This message will have a UUID-valued 'SomeUUID' MDC attached."); + // ... + } + finally { + MDC.clear(); + } + +*********** +Serializing +*********** + +Output of MDCs must ensure that: + +- All reported MDCs are logged with both name AND value. Logging output + should not treat any MDCs as special. + +- All MDC names and values are escaped. + +Escaping in Logback configuration can be achieved with: + +.. code-block:: bash + + %replace(%replace(%mdc){'\\t','\\\\\\\\t'}){'\\n','\\\\\\\\n'} + +*************** +MDC - RequestID +*************** + +This is often referred to by other names, including "Transaction ID", +and one of several (pre-standardization) REST header names +including \ **X-ECOMP-RequestID** and **X-ONAP-RequestID**. + +ONAP logging uses a universally unique "**RequestID"** value in log +records to track the processing of each client request across all the +ONAP components involved in its processing. + +This value: + +- Is logged as a \ **RequestID** MDC. + +- Is propagated between components in REST calls as + an \ **X-TransactionID** HTTP header. + +Receiving the \ **X-TransactionID** will vary by component according to +APIs and frameworks. In general: + +.. code-block:: java + + import javax.ws.rs.core.HttpHeaders; + // ... + final HttpHeaders headers = ...; + // ... + String txId = headers.getRequestHeaders().getFirst("X-TransactionID"); + if (StringUtils.isBlank(txId)) { + txId = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); + } + MDC.put("RequestID", txID); + +Setting the \ **X-TransactionID** likewise will vary. For example: + +.. code-block:: java + + final String txID = MDC.get("RequestID"); + HttpURLConnection cx = ...; + // ... + cx.setRequestProperty("X-TransactionID", txID); + +****************** +MDC - InvocationID +****************** + +**InvocationID** is similar to \ **RequestID**, but +where \ **RequestID** correlates records relating a single, top-level +invocation of ONAP as it traverses many +systems, \ **InvocationID** correlates log entries relating to a single +invocation of a single component. Typically this means via REST, but in +certain cases an \ **InvocationID** may be allocated without a new +invocation, e.g. when a request is retried. + +**RequestID** and** InvocationID** allow an execution graph to be +derived. This requires that: + +- The relationship between \ **RequestID** and **InvocationID** is + reported. + +- The relationship between caller and recipient is reported for each + invocation. + +The proposed approach is that: + +- Callers: + + - Issue a new, unique \ **InvocationID** UUID for each downstream + call they make. + + - Log the new \ **InvocationID**, indicating the intent to invoke: + + - With Markers \ **INVOKE**, and \ **SYNCHRONOUS** if the + invocation is synchronous. + + - With their own \ **InvocationID** still set as an MDC. + + - Pass the \ **InvocationID** as an \ **X-InvocationID** REST + header. + +- Invoked components: + + - Retrieve the \ **InvocationID** from REST headers upon invocation, + or generate a UUID default. + + - Set the \ **InvocationID** MDC. + + - Write a log entry with the Marker \ **ENTRY**. (In EELF this will + be to the AUDIT log). + + - Act as per Callers in all downstream requests. + + - Write a log entry with the Marker \ **EXIT** upon return. (In EELF + this will be to the METRIC log). + + - Unset all MDCs on exit. + +That seems onerous, but: + +- It's only a few calls. + +- It can be largely abstracted in the case of EELF logging. + +**TODO: code.** + +*************** +MDCs - the Rest +*************** + +Other MDCs are logged in a wide range of contexts. + +Certain MDCs and their semantics may be specific to EELF log types. + +**TODO: cross-reference EELF output to v1 doc.** + ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| **ID** | **MDC** | **Description** | **Required** | **EELF Audit** | **EELF Metric** | **EELF Error** | **EELF Debug** | ++==========+=======================+================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================================+================+==================+===================+==================+==================+ +| 1 | BeginTimestamp | Date-time that processing activities being logged begins. The value should be represented in UTC and formatted per ISO 8601, such as œ2015-06-03T13:21:58+00:00. The time should be shown with the maximum resolution available to the logging component (e.g., milliseconds, microseconds) by including the appropriate number of decimal digits. For example, when millisecond precision is available, the date-time value would be presented as, as œ2015-06-03T13:21:58.340+00:00. | Y | | | | | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| 2 | EndTimestamp | Date-time that processing for the request or event being logged ends. Formatting rules are the same as for the BeginTimestamp field above. | Y | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | +| | | In the case of a request that merely logs an event and has not subsequent processing, the EndTimestamp value may equal the BeginTimestamp value. | | | | | | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| 3 | ElapsedTime | This field contains the elapsed time to complete processing of an API call or transaction request (e.g., processing of a message that was received). This value should be the difference between. EndTimestamp and BeginTimestamp fields and must be expressed in milliseconds. | Y | | | | | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| 4 | ServiceInstanceID | This field is optional and should only be included if the information is readily available to the logging component. | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | +| | | | Transaction requests that create or operate on a particular instance of a service/resource can | | | | | | +| | | | identify/reference it via a unique œserviceInstanceID value. This value can be used as a primary key for | | | | | | +| | | | obtaining or updating additional detailed data about that specific service instance from the inventory | | | | | | +| | | | (e.g., AAI). In other words: | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | +| | | - In the case of processing/logging a transaction request for creating a new service instance, the serviceInstanceID value is determined by either a) the MSO client and passed to MSO or b) by MSO itself upon receipt of a such a request. | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | +| | | - In other cases, the serviceInstanceID value can be used to reference a specific instance of a service as would happen in a œMACD-type request. | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | +| | | - ServiceInstanceID is associated with a requestID in log records to facilitate tracing its processing over multiple requests and for a specific service instance. Its value may be left œempty in subsequent record to the 1 st record where a requestID value is associated with the serviceInstanceID value. | | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | +| | | NOTE: AAI wont have a serviceInstanceUUID for every service instance. For example, no serviceInstanceUUID is available when the request is coming from an application that may import inventory data. | | | | | | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| 5 | VirtualServerName | Physical/virtual server name. Optional: empty if determined that its value can be added by the agent that collects the log files collecting. | | | | | | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| 6 | ServiceName | For Audit log records that capture API requests, this field contains the name of the API invoked at the component creating the record (e.g., Layer3ServiceActivateRequest). | Y | | | | | +| | | | | | | | | +| | | For Audit log records that capture processing as a result of receipt of a message, this field should contain the name of the module that processes the message. | | | | | | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| 7 | PartnerName | This field contains the name of the client application user agent or user invoking the API if known. | Y | | | | | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| 8 | StatusCode | This field indicates the high level status of the request. It must have the value COMPLETE when the request is successful and ERROR when there is a failure. | Y | | | | | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| 9 | ResponseCode | This field contains application-specific error codes. For consistency, common error categorizations should be used. | | | | | | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| 10 | ResponseDescription | This field contains a human readable description of the \ **ResponseCode**. | | | | | 11 | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| 11 | InstanceUUID | If known, this field contains a universally unique identifier used to differentiate between multiple instances of the same (named) log writing service/application. Its value is set at instance creation time (and read by it, e.g., at start/initialization time from the environment). This value should be picked up by the component instance from its configuration file and subsequently used to enable differentiation of log records created by multiple, locally load balanced ONAP component or subcomponent instances that are otherwise identically configured. | | | | | | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| 12 | Severity | Optional: 0, 1, 2, 3 see \ `*Nagios* <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagios>`__ monitoring/alerting for specifics/details. | | | | | | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| 13 | TargetEntity | It contains the name of the ONAP component or sub-component, or external entity, at which the operation activities captured in this metrics log record is invoked. | Y | | | | | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| 14 | TargetServiceName | It contains the name of the API or operation activities invoked at the TargetEntity. | Y | | | | | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| 15 | Server | This field contains the Virtual Machine (VM) Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN) if the server is virtualized. Otherwise, it contains the host name of the logging component. | Y | | | | | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| 16 | ServerIPAddress | This field contains the logging component host servers IP address if known (e.g. Jetty containers listening IP address). Otherwise it is empty. | | | | | | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| 17 | ServerFQDN | Unclear, but possibly duplicating one or both of \ **Server** and **ServerIPAddress**. | | | | | | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| 18 | ClientIPAddress | This field contains the requesting remote client applications IP address if known. Otherwise this field can be empty. | | | | | | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| 19 | ProcessKey | This field can be used to capture the flow of a transaction through the system by indicating the components and operations involved in processing. If present, it can be denoted by a comma separated list of components and applications. | | | | | | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| 20 | RemoteHost | Unknown. | | | | | | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| 21 | AlertSeverity | Unknown. | | | | | | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| 22 | TargetVirtualEntity | Unknown | | | | | | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| 23 | ClassName | Defunct. Doesn't require an MDC. | | | | | | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| 24 | ThreadID | Defunct. Doesn't require an MDC. | | | | | | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| 25 | CustomField1 | (Defunct now that MDCs are serialized as NVPs.) | | | | | | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| 26 | CustomField2 | (Defunct now that MDCs are serialized as NVPs.) | | | | | | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| 27 | CustomField3 | (Defunct now that MDCs are serialized as NVPs.) | | | | | | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ +| 28 | CustomField4 | (Defunct now that MDCs are serialized as NVPs.) | | | | | | ++----------+-----------------------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+----------------+------------------+-------------------+------------------+------------------+ + +******** +Examples +******** + + +**SDC-BE** + + +20170907: audit.log + +.. code-block:: bash + + root@ip-172-31-93-160:/dockerdata-nfs/onap/sdc/logs/SDC/SDC-BE# tail -f audit.log + 2017-09-07T18:04:03.679Z\|\|\|\|\|qtp1013423070-72297\|\|ASDC\|SDC-BE\|\|\|\|\|\|\|N/A\|INFO\|\|\|\|10.42.88.30\|\|o.o.s.v.r.s.VendorLicenseModelsImpl\|\|ActivityType=<audit>, Desc=< --Audit-- Create VLM. VLM Name: lm4> + +**TODO: this is the earlier output format. Let's find an example which matches the latest line format.** + +Markers +------- + +Markers differ from MDCs in two important ways: + +1. They have a name, but no value. They are a tag. + +2. Their scope is limited to logger calls which specifically reference + them; they are + not \ `*ThreadLocal* <https://docs.oracle.com/javase/8/docs/api/java/lang/ThreadLocal.html>`__. + +******* +Logging +******* + + +**Via SLF4J:** + + +.. code-block:: java + + import org.slf4j.Logger; + import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; + import org.slf4j.Marker; + import org.slf4j.MarkerFactory; + // ... + final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass()); + final Marker marker = MarkerFactory.getMarker("MY\_MARKER"); + logger.warn(marker, "This warning has a 'MY\_MARKER' annotation."); + +EELF does not allow Markers to be set directly. See notes on +the \ **InvocationID** MDC. + +*********** +Serializing +*********** + +Marker names also need to be escaped, though they're much less likely to +contain problematic characters than MDC values. + +Escaping in Logback configuration can be achieved with: + +.. code-block:: bash + + %replace(%replace(%marker){'\\t','\\\\\\\\t'}){'\\n','\\\\\\\\n'} + +************** +Marker - ENTRY +************** + +This should be reported as early in invocation as possible, immediately +after setting the \ **RequestID** and **InvocationID** MDCs. + +It can be automatically set by EELF, and written to the AUDIT log. + +It must be manually set otherwise. + + +**EELF** + + + +**SLF4J** + + +.. code-block:: java + + public static final Marker ENTRY = MarkerFactory.getMarker("ENTRY"); + // ... + final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass()); + logger.debug(ENTRY, "Entering."); + +************* +Marker - EXIT +************* + +This should be reported as late in invocation as possible, immediately +before unsetting the \ **RequestID** and **InvocationID** MDCs. + +It can be automatically reported by EELF, and written to the METRIC +log. + +It must be manually set otherwise. + + +**EELF** + + + +**SLF4J** + + +.. code-block:: java + + public static final Marker EXIT = MarkerFactory.getMarker("EXIT"); + // ... + final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass()); + logger.debug(EXIT, "Exiting."); + +*************** +Marker - INVOKE +*************** + +This should be reported by the caller of another ONAP component via +REST, including a newly allocated \ **InvocationID**, which will be +passed to the caller. + +**SLF4J** + +.. code-block:: java + + public static final Marker INVOKE = MarkerFactory.getMarker("INVOKE"); + // ... + // Generate and report invocation ID. + final String invocationID = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); + MDC.put(MDC_INVOCATION_ID, invocationID); + try { + logger.debug(INVOKE_SYNCHRONOUS, "Invoking synchronously ... "); + } + finally { + MDC.remove(MDC_INVOCATION_ID); + } + // Pass invocationID as HTTP X-InvocationID header. + callDownstreamSystem(invocationID, ... ); + +**TODO: EELF, without changing published APIs.** + +******************** +Marker - SYNCHRONOUS +******************** + +This should accompany \ **INVOKE** when the invocation is synchronous. + +**SLF4J** + +.. code-block:: java + + public static final Marker INVOKE_SYNCHRONOUS; + static { + INVOKE_SYNCHRONOUS = MarkerFactory.getMarker("INVOKE"); + INVOKE_SYNCHRONOUS.add(MarkerFactory.getMarker("SYNCHRONOUS")); + } + // ... + // Generate and report invocation ID. + final String invocationID = UUID.randomUUID().toString(); + MDC.put(MDC_INVOCATION_ID, invocationID); + try { + logger.debug(INVOKE_SYNCHRONOUS, "Invoking synchronously ... "); + } + finally { + MDC.remove(MDC_INVOCATION_ID); + } + // Pass invocationID as HTTP X-InvocationID header. + callDownstreamSystem(invocationID, ... ); + +**TODO: EELF, without changing published APIs.** + +Errorcodes +---------- + +Errorcodes are reported as MDCs. + +Exceptions should be accompanied by an errrorcode. Typically this is +achieved by incorporating errorcodes into your exception hierarchy and +error handling. ONAP components generally do not share this kind of +code, though EELF defines a marker interface (meaning it has no +methods) \ **EELFResolvableErrorEnum**. + +A common convention is for errorcodes to have two components: + +1. A \ **prefix**, which identifies the origin of the error. + +2. A \ **suffix**, which identifies the kind of error. + +Suffixes may be numeric or text. They may also be common to more than +one component. + +For example: + +:: + + COMPONENT\_X.STORAGE\_ERROR + +************* +Output Format +************* + +Several considerations: + +1. Logs should be human-readable (within reason). + +2. Shipper and indexing performance and durability depends on logs that + can be parsed quickly and reliably. + +3. Consistency means fewer shipping and indexing rules are required. + + +**Text Output** + + +ONAP needs to strike a balance between human-readable and +machine-readable logs. This means: + +- The use of tab (**\\t**) as a delimiter. + +- Escaping all messages, exceptions, MDC values, Markers, etc. to + replace tabs in their content. + +- Escaping all newlines with \ **\\n** so that each entry is on one + line. + +In logback, this looks like: + +:: + + <property name="defaultPattern" value="%nopexception%logger + %date{yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm:ss.SSSXXX,UTC} + %level + %replace(%replace(%message){'\\t','\\\\\\\\t'}){'\\n','\\\\\\\\n'} + %replace(%replace(%mdc){'\\t','\\\\\\\\t'}){'\\n','\\\\\\\\n'} + %replace(%replace(%rootException){'\\t','\\\\\\\\t'}){'\\n','\\\\\\\\n'} + %replace(%replace(%marker){'\\t','\\\\\\\\t'}){'\\n','\\\\\\\\n'} + %thread + %n"/> + +The output of which, with MDCs, a Marker and a nested exception, with newlines added for readability looks like: + +TODO: remove tab below + +:: + + org.onap.example.component1.subcomponent1.LogbackTest + 2017-08-06T16:09:03.594Z + ERROR + Here's an error, that's usually bad + key1=value1, key2=value2 with space, key5=value5"with"quotes, key3=value3 with newlines, key4=value4 with tabs + java.lang.RuntimeException: Here's Johnny + at org.onap.example.component1.subcomponent1.LogbackTest.main(LogbackTest.java:24) + Wrapped by: java.lang.RuntimeException: Little pigs, little pigs, let me come in + at org.onap.example.component1.subcomponent1.LogbackTest.main(LogbackTest.java:27) + AMarker1 + main + +Default Logstash indexing rules understand output in this format. + + +**XML Output** + + +For Log4j 1.X output, since escaping is not supported, the best +alternative is to emit logs in XML format. + +There may be other instances where XML (or JSON) output may be +desirable. Default indexing rules support. + +Default Logstash indexing rules understand the XML output of \ `*Log4J's +XMLLayout* <https://logging.apache.org/log4j/1.2/apidocs/org/apache/log4j/xml/XMLLayout.html>`__. + +Output Location +--------------- + +Standardization of output locations makes logs easier to locate and ship +for indexing. + +Logfiles should default to beneath \ **/var/log**, and +beneath \ **/var/log/ONAP** in the case of core ONAP components: + +.. code-block:: bash + + /var/log/ONAP/<component>[/<subcomponent>]/\*.log + +Configuration +------------- + +Logging providers should be configured by file. Files should be at a +predictable, static location, so that they can be written by deployment +automation. Ideally this should be under \ **/etc/ONAP**, but compliance +is low. + +Locations +--------- + +All logger provider configuration document locations namespaced by +component and (if applicable) subcomponent by default: + +.. code-block:: bash + + /etc/onap/<component>[/<subcomponent>]/<provider>.xml + +Where \ **<provider>.xml**, will typically be one of: + +1. logback.xml + +2. log4j.xml + +3. log4j.properties + +Reconfiguration +--------------- + +Logger providers should reconfigure themselves automatically when their +configuration file is rewritten. All major providers should support +this. + +The default interval is 10s. + +Overrides +--------- + +The location of the configuration file MAY be overrideable, for example +by an environment variable, but this is left for individual components +to decide. + +Archetypes +---------- + +Configuration archetypes can be found in the ONAP codebase. Choose +according to your provider, and whether you're logging via EELF. Efforts +to standardize them are underway, so the ones you should be looking for +are where pipe (\|) is used as a separator. (Previously it was "\|"). + +Retention +--------- + +Logfiles are often large. Logging providers allow retention policies to +be configured. + +Retention has to balance: + +- The need to index logs before they're removed. + +- The need to retain logs for other (including regulatory) purposes. + +Defaults are subject to change. Currently they are: + +1. Files <= 50MB before rollover. + +2. Files retain for 30 days. + +3. Total files capped at 10GB. + +In Logback configuration XML: + +.. code-block:: xml + + <appender name="file" class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.RollingFileAppender"> + <file>${outputDirectory}/${outputFilename}.log</file> + <rollingPolicy class="ch.qos.logback.core.rolling.SizeAndTimeBasedRollingPolicy"> + <fileNamePattern>${outputDirectory}/${outputFilename}.%d{yyyy-MM-dd}.%i.log.zip</fileNamePattern> + <maxFileSize>50MB</maxFileSize> + <maxHistory>30</maxHistory> + <totalSizeCap>10GB</totalSizeCap> + </rollingPolicy> + <encoder> + <!-- ... --> + </encoder> + </appender> + +Types of EELF Logs +------------------ + +EELF guidelines stipulate that an application should output log records +to four separate files: + +1. audit + +2. metric + +3. error + +4. debug + +This applies only to EELF logging. Components which log directly to a +provider may choose to emit the same set of logs, but most do not. + +********* +Audit Log +********* + +An audit log is required for EELF-enabled components, and provides a +summary view of the processing of a (e.g., transaction) request within +an application. It captures activity requests that are received by an +ONAP component, and includes such information as the time the activity +is initiated, then it finishes, and the API that is invoked at the +component. + +Audit log records are intended to capture the high level view of +activity within an ONAP component. Specifically, an API request handled +by an ONAP component is reflected in a single Audit log record that +captures the time the request was received, the time that processing was +completed, as well as other information about the API request (e.g., API +name, on whose behalf it was invoked, etc). + +********** +Metric Log +********** + +A metric log is required for EELF-enabled components, and provides a +more detailed view into the processing of a transaction within an +application. It captures the beginning and ending of activities needed +to complete it. These can include calls to or interactions with other +ONAP or non-ONAP entities. + +Suboperations invoked as part of the processing of the API request are +logged in the Metrics log. For example, when a call is made to another +ONAP component or external (i.e., non-ONAP) entity, a Metrics log record +captures that call. In such a case, the Metrics log record indicates +(among other things) the time the call is made, when it returns, the +entity that is called, and the API invoked on that entity. The Metrics +log record contain the same RequestID as the Audit log record so the two +can be correlated. + +Note that a single request may result in multiple Audit log records at +an ONAP component and may result in multiple Metrics log records +generated by the component when multiple suboperations are required to +satisfy the API request captured in the Audit log record. + +********* +Error Log +********* + +An error log is required for EELF-enabled components, and is intended to +capture info, warn, error and fatal conditions sensed (œexception +handled) by the software components. + +********* +Debug Log +********* + +A debug log is optional for EELF-enabled components, and is intended to +capture whatever data may be needed to debug and correct abnormal +conditions of the application. + +Engine.out +---------- + +Console logging may also be present, and is intended to capture +system/infrastructure records. That is stdout and stderr assigned to a +single œengine.out file in a directory configurable (e.g. as an +environment/shell variable) by operations personnel. + +New ONAP Component Checklist +---------------------------- + +By following a few simple rules: + +- Your component's output will be indexed automatically. + +- Analytics will be able to trace invocation through your component. + +Obligations fall into two categories: + +1. Conventions regarding configuration, line format and output. + +2. Ensuring the propagation of contextual information. + +You must: + +1. Choose a Logging provider and/or EELF. Decisions, decisions. + +2. Create a configuration file based on an existing + archetype. See \ `*Configuration* <https://wiki.onap.org/display/DW/ONAP+Application+Logging+Guidelines+v1.1#ONAPApplicationLoggingGuidelinesv1.1-Configuration>`__. + +3. Read your configuration file when your components initialize logging. + +4. Write logs to a standard location so that they can be shipped by + Filebeat for indexing. See \ `*Output + Location* <https://wiki.onap.org/display/DW/ONAP+Application+Logging+Guidelines+v1.1#ONAPApplicationLoggingGuidelinesv1.1-OutputLocation>`__. + +5. Report transaction state: + + a. Retrieve, default and propagate \ **RequestID**. See \ `*MDC - + RequestID* <https://wiki.onap.org/display/DW/ONAP+Application+Logging+Guidelines+v1.1#ONAPApplicationLoggingGuidelinesv1.1-MDC-RequestID>`__. + + b. At each invocation of one ONAP component by another: + + i. Initialize and propagate \ **InvocationID**. See \ `*MDC - + Invocation + ID* <https://wiki.onap.org/display/DW/ONAP+Application+Logging+Guidelines+v1.1#ONAPApplicationLoggingGuidelinesv1.1-MDC-InvocationID>`__. + + ii. Report \ **INVOKE** and **SYNCHRONOUS** markers in caller. + + iii. Report \ **ENTRY** and **EXIT** markers in recipient. + +6. Write useful logs! + + They are unordered. |