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Introduction =============== -The ONAP project addresses a rising need for a common platform for -telecommunication, cable, and cloud operators—and their solution -providers—to deliver differentiated network services on demand, -profitably and competitively, while leveraging existing investments. - -Prior to ONAP, operators of large networks have been challenged to keep -up with the scale and cost of manual changes required to implement new -service offerings, from installing new data center equipment to, in some -cases, upgrading on-premises customer equipment. Many are seeking to -exploit SDN and NFV to improve service velocity, simplify equipment -interoperability and integration, and reduce overall CapEx and OpEx -costs. In addition, the current, highly fragmented management landscape -makes it difficult to monitor and guarantee service-level agreements -(SLAs). - -ONAP is addressing these problems by developing global and massive scale -(multi-site and multi-VIM) orchestration capabilities for both physical -and virtual network elements. It facilitates service agility by -providing a common set of Northbound REST APIs that are open and -interoperable, and by supporting YANG and TOSCA data models. ONAP’s -modular and layered nature improves interoperability and simplifies -integration, allowing it to support multiple VNF environments by -integrating with multiple VIMs, VNFMs, SDN Controllers, and even legacy -equipment. This approach allows network and cloud operators to optimize -their physical and virtual infrastructure for cost and performance; at -the same time, ONAP’s use of standard models reduces integration and -deployment costs of heterogeneous equipment, while minimizing management -fragmentation. ONAP exists to instantiate and operate VNFs. Typical -operator networks are expected to support multiple instances of hundreds -of different types of VNFs. ONAP’s consolidated VNF requirements -publication is a significant deliverable to enable commercial -development of ONAP-compliant VNFs. +The ONAP project addresses the rising need for a common automation platform +for telecommunication, cable, and cloud service providers—and their solution +providers—to deliver differentiated network services on demand, profitably and +competitively, while leveraging existing investments. + +Prior to ONAP, operators of telecommunication networks have been challenged to +keep up with the scale and cost of manual changes required to implement new +service offerings, from installing new data center equipment to, in some cases, +upgrading on-premises customer equipment. Many are seeking to exploit SDN and +NFV to improve service velocity, simplify equipment interoperability and +integration, and reduce overall CapEx and OpEx costs. In addition, the current, +highly fragmented management landscape makes it difficult to monitor and +guarantee service-level agreements (SLAs). These challenges are still very real +now as ONAP creates its third release. + +ONAP is addressing these challenges by developing global and massive scale +(multi-site and multi-VIM) automation capabilities for both physical and +virtual network elements. It facilitates service agility by supporting data +models for rapid service and resource deployment, and providing a common set of +Northbound REST APIs that are open and interoperable, and by supporting model +driven interfaces to the networks. ONAP’s modular and layered nature improves +interoperability and simplifies integration, allowing it to support multiple +VNF environments by integrating with multiple VIMs, VNFMs, SDN Controllers, and +even legacy equipment. ONAP’s consolidated VNF requirements publication will +enable commercial development of ONAP-compliant VNFs. This approach allows +network and cloud operators to optimize their physical and virtual +infrastructure for cost and performance; at the same time, ONAP’s use of +standard models reduces integration and deployment costs of heterogeneous +equipment, while minimizing management fragmentation. The ONAP platform allows end user organizations and their network/cloud -providers to collaboratively instantiate network elements and services -in a dynamic, closed-loop process, with real-time response to actionable -events. In order to design, engineer, plan, bill and assure these -dynamic services, there are three major requirements: +providers to collaboratively instantiate network elements and services in a +dynamic, closed control loop process, with real-time response to actionable +events. In order to design, engineer, plan, bill and assure these dynamic +services, there are three major requirements: -- A robust design framework that allows specification of the service in - all aspects – modeling the resources and relationships that make up - the service, specifying the policy rules that guide the service - behavior, specifying the applications, analytics and closed-loop - events needed for the elastic management of the service. +- A robust design framework that allows specification of the service in all + aspects – modeling the resources and relationships that make up the service, + specifying the policy rules that guide the service behavior, specifying the + applications, analytics and closed control loop events needed for the + elastic management of the service. - An orchestration and control framework (Service Orchestrator and - Controllers) that is recipe/policy-driven to provide automated - instantiation of the service when needed and managing service demands - in an elastic manner. + Controllers) that is recipe/policy-driven to provide automated instantiation + of the service when needed and managing service demands in an elastic + manner. -- An analytic framework that closely monitors the service behavior - during the service lifecycle based on the specified design, analytics - and policies to enable response as required from the control framework, - to deal with situations ranging from those that require healing to those - that require scaling of the resources to elastically adjust to demand - variations. +- An analytic framework that closely monitors the service behavior during the + service lifecycle based on the specified design, analytics and policies to + enable response as required from the control framework, to deal with + situations ranging from those that require healing to those that require + scaling of the resources to elastically adjust to demand variations. To achieve this, ONAP decouples the details of specific services and -technologies from the common information models, core orchestration -platform and generic management engines (for discovery, provisioning, -assurance etc). Furthermore, it marries the speed and style of a -DevOps/NetOps approach with the formal models and processes operators -require to introduce new services and technologies. It leverages -cloud-native technologies including Kubernetes to manage and rapidly -deploy the ONAP platform and related components. This is in stark -contrast to traditional OSS/Management software platform architectures, -which hardcoded services and technologies, and required lengthy software -development and integration cycles to incorporate changes. - -The ONAP Platform enables product/service independent capabilities for -design, creation and lifecycle management, in accordance with the -following foundational principles: +technologies from the common information models, core orchestration platform, +and generic management engines (for discovery, provisioning, assurance etc.). +Furthermore, it marries the speed and style of a DevOps/NetOps approach with +the formal models and processes operators require to introduce new services +and technologies. It leverages cloud-native technologies including Kubernetes +to manage and rapidly deploy the ONAP platform and related components. This is +in stark contrast to traditional OSS/Management software platform +architectures, which hardcoded services and technologies, and required lengthy +software development and integration cycles to incorporate changes. + +The ONAP Platform enables product/service independent capabilities for design, +creation and lifecycle management, in accordance with the following +foundational principles: - Ability to dynamically introduce full service lifecycle orchestration - (design, provisioning and operation) and service API for new services - & technologies without the need for new platform software releases or - without affecting operations for the existing services. - -- Carrier-grade scalability including horizontal scaling (linear - scale-out) and distribution to support large number of services and - large networks. - + (design, provisioning and operation) and service API for new services and + technologies without the need for new platform software releases or without + affecting operations for the existing services +- Carrier-grade scalability including horizontal scaling (linear scale-out) + and distribution to support large number of services and large networks - Metadata-driven and policy-driven architecture to ensure flexible and - automated ways in which capabilities are used and delivered. - -- The architecture shall enable sourcing best-in-class components. - -- Common capabilities are ‘developed’ once and ‘used’ many times. - -- Core capabilities shall support many diverse services and - infrastructures. - -- The architecture shall support elastic scaling as needs grow or - shrink. - -**Figure 1: ONAP Platform** - -|image0| + automated ways in which capabilities are used and delivered +- The architecture shall enable sourcing best-in-class components +- Common capabilities are ‘developed’ once and ‘used’ many times +- Core capabilities shall support many diverse services and infrastructures +- The architecture shall support elastic scaling as needs grow or shrink 2. ONAP Architecture ==================== -The platform provides the common functions (e.g., data collection, -control loops, metadata recipe creation, policy/recipe distribution, -etc.) necessary to construct specific behaviors. To create a service or -operational capability, it is necessary to develop -service/operations-specific service definitions, data collection, -analytics, and policies (including recipes for corrective/remedial -action) using the ONAP Design Framework Portal. Figure 2 provides a -high-level view of the ONAP architecture and microservices-based -platform components, including all ONAP projects. - -**Figure 2: ONAP Platform components with projects (Beijing Release)** - -|image1| +The platform provides the common functions (e.g., data collection, control +loops, meta-data recipe creation, policy/recipe distribution, etc.) necessary +to construct specific behaviors. -In Figure 3 below, we provide a functional view of the architecture, -which highlights the role of key new components: +To create a service or operational capability, it is necessary to develop +service/operations-specific service definitions, data collection, analytics, +and policies (including recipes for corrective/remedial action) using the ONAP +Design Framework Portal. -1. The Beijing release standardizes and improves northbound - interoperability for the ONAP Platform using the **External API** - component (1) +Figure 1 provides a high-level view of the ONAP architecture and +microservices-based platform components. -2. **OOM** provides the ability to manage cloud-native installation and - deployments to Kubernetes-managed cloud environments. +|image1| -3. ONAP Common Services now manage more complex and optimized - topologies. **MUSIC** allows ONAP to scale to multi-site - environments to support global scale infrastructure requirements. The - ONAP Optimization Framework (OOF) provides a declarative, - policy-driven approach for creating and running optimization +**Figure 1: ONAP Platform architecture (Casablanca Release)** + +Figure 2 below, provides a simplified functional view of the architecture, +which highlights the role of a few key components: + +1. Design time environment for onboarding services and resources into ONAP and + designing required services. +2. External API provides northbound interoperability for the ONAP Platform and + Multi-VIM/Cloud provides cloud interoperability for the ONAP workloads. +3. OOM provides the ability to manage cloud-native installation and deployments + to Kubernetes-managed cloud environments. +4. ONAP Common Services manages complex and optimized topologies. MUSIC allows + ONAP to scale to multi-site environments to support global scale + infrastructure requirements. The ONAP Optimization Framework (OOF) provides + a declarative, policy-driven approach for creating and running optimization applications like Homing/Placement, and Change Management Scheduling Optimization. - -4. **Information Model and framework utilities** have evolved to - harmonize the topology, workflow, and policy models from a number of - SDOs including ETSI NFV MANO, TM Forum SID, ONF Core, OASIS TOSCA, - IETF and MEF. - -|image2| Figure 3. Functional view of the ONAP architecture +5. Information Model and framework utilities continue to evolve to harmonize + the topology, workflow, and policy models from a number of SDOs including + ETSI NFV MANO, TM Forum SID, ONF Core, OASIS TOSCA, IETF and MEF. + +|image2| + +**Figure 2. Functional view of the ONAP architecture** + +The Casablanca release has a number of important new features in the areas of +design time and runtime, ONAP installation, and S3P. + +Design time: The Service Design and Creation (SDC) project in ONAP has two new +dashboards—DCAE design studio, SO Workflow Designer—to help designers, product +managers, TechOps, and VNF owners create artifacts in one unified design +palette. + +Runtime: Service Orchestration (SO) and controllers have new functionality to +support physical network functions (PNFs), reboot, traffic migration, expanded +hardware platform awareness (HPA), cloud agnostic intent capabilities, improved +homing service, SDN geographic redundancy, scale-out and edge cloud onboarding. +This will expand the actions available to support lifecycle management +functionality, increase performance and availability, and unlock new edge +automation and 5G use cases. With support for ETSI NFV-SOL003, the introduction +of an ETSI compliant VNFM is simplified. + +In the area of monitoring, analytics, and service assurance, ONAP has early +support for the Linux Foundation PNDA project in DCAE as a compliment to CDAP. +Next, the data collection framework can now collect real-time messages through +a high-volume collector, handle PNFs, and support SNMP and bulk performance +management data files. The Policy project supports a new policy engine as well +as the new Casablanca blueprints and can distribute policies through policy +design capabilities in SDC, simplifying the design process. Next, the Holmes +alarm correlation engine features a new GUI and provides richer functionality +through scripting, again simplifying how rapidly alarm correlation rules can be +developed. + +Moreover, there are new features in A&AI to support audit capabilities by +providing historical data. ONAP northbound API continues to align better with +TMForum (around ServiceOrder) and MEF APIs (around Legato and Interlude APIs) +to simplify integration with OSS/BSS. The VID and UUI operations GUI projects +can support a larger range of lifecycle management actions through a simple +point and click interface allowing operators to perform more tasks with ease. +Furthermore, The CLAMP project offers a new dashboard to view DMaaP and other +events during design and runtime to ease the debugging of control-loop +automation. ONAP has experimentally introduced ISTIO in certain components to +progress the introduction of Service Mesh. + +ONAP installation: The ONAP Operations Manager (OOM) continues to make progress +in streamlining ONAP installation by using Kubernetes (Docker and Helm Chart +technologies). In Casablanca, OOM supports pluggable persistent storage +including GlusterFS, providing users with more storage options. In a multi-node +deployment, OOM allows more control on the placement of services based on +available resources or node selectors. Finally, OOM now supports backup/restore +of an entire k8s deployment thus introducing data protection. + +Casablanca has introduced the controller design studio, as part of the +controller framework, which enables a model driven approach for how an ONAP +controller controls the network resources. + +Deployability: Casablanca continued the 7 Dimensions momentum (Stability, +Security, Scalability, Performance; and Resilience, Manageability, and +Usability) from the prior to the Beijing release. A new logging project +initiative called Post Orchestration Model Based Audit (POMBA), can check for +deviations between design and ops environments thus increasing network service +reliability. Numerous other projects ranging from Logging, SO, VF-C, A&AI, +Portal, Policy, CLAMP and MSB have a number of improvements in the areas of +performance, availability, logging, move to a cloud native architecture, +authentication, stability, security, and code quality. Finally, versions of +OpenDaylight and Kafka that are integrated in ONAP were upgraded to the Oxygen +and v0.11 releases providing new capabilities such as P4 and data routing +respectively. 3. Microservices Support ======================== -As a cloud-native application that consists of numerous services, ONAP -requires sophisticated initial deployment as well as post-deployment -management. It needs to be highly reliable, scalable, secure and easy to -manage. Also, the ONAP deployment needs to be flexible to suit the -different scenarios and purposes for various operator environments. -Users may also want to select part of the ONAP components to integrate -into their own systems. To achieve all these goals, ONAP is designed as -a microservices based system, with all components released as Docker -containers. - -The ONAP Operations Manager -(`OOM <https://wiki.onap.org/display/DW/ONAP+Operations+Manager+Project>`__) -is responsible for orchestrating the end-to-end lifecycle management and -monitoring of ONAP components. OOM uses Kubernetes to provide CPU -efficiency and platform deployment. In addition, OOM helps enhance ONAP -platform maturity by providing scalability and resiliency enhancements -to the components it manages. - -|image3| - -OOM is the lifecycle manager of the ONAP platform and uses the -Kubernetes container management system and Consul to provide the -following functionality: - -1. **Deployment** - with built-in component dependency management - (including multiple clusters, federated deployments across sites, and - anti-affinity rules) - -2. **Configuration** - unified configuration across all ONAP - components - -3. **Monitoring** - real-time health monitoring feeding to a Consul GUI - and Kubernetes - -4. **Restart** - failed ONAP components are restarted automatically - -5. **Clustering and Scaling** - cluster ONAP services to enable seamless - scaling - -6. **Upgrade** - change-out containers or configuration with little or - no service impact - -7. **Deletion** - cleanup individual containers or entire deployments - -OOM supports a wide variety of cloud infrastructures to suit your -individual requirements. - -The Microservices Bus (MSB) component project provides some fundamental -microservices support such as service registration/discovery, external -API gateway, internal API gateway, client software development kit -(SDK), and Swagger SDK to help ONAP projects evolve towards the -microservice direction. MSB is integrated with OOM to provide -transparent service registration for ONAP microservices, it also -supports OpenStack(Heat) and bare metal deployment. +As a cloud-native application that consists of numerous services, ONAP requires +sophisticated initial deployment as well as post-deployment management. + +The ONAP deployment methodology needs to be flexible enough to suit the +different scenarios and purposes for various operator environments. Users may +also want to select a portion of the ONAP components to integrate into their +own systems. And the platform needs to be highly reliable, scalable, secure and +easy to manage. To achieve all these goals, ONAP is designed as a +microservices-based system, with all components released as Docker containers. + +The ONAP Operations Manager (OOM) is responsible for orchestrating the +end-to-end lifecycle management and monitoring of ONAP components. OOM uses +Kubernetes to provide CPU efficiency and platform deployment. In addition, OOM +helps enhance ONAP platform maturity by providing scalability and resiliency +enhancements to the components it manages. + +OOM is the lifecycle manager of the ONAP platform and uses the Kubernetes +container management system and Consul to provide the following functionality: + +1. Deployment - with built-in component dependency management (including + multiple clusters, federated deployments across sites, and anti-affinity + rules) +2. Configuration - unified configuration across all ONAP components +3. Monitoring - real-time health monitoring feeding to a Consul GUI and + Kubernetes +4. Restart - failed ONAP components are restarted automatically +5. Clustering and Scaling - cluster ONAP services to enable seamless scaling +6. Upgrade - change out containers or configuration with little or no service + impact +7. Deletion - clean up individual containers or entire deployments + +OOM supports a wide variety of cloud infrastructures to suit your individual +requirements. + +Microservices Bus (MSB) provides fundamental microservices supports including +service registration/discovery, external API gateway, internal API gateway, +client software development kit (SDK), and Swagger SDK. MSB supports both +OpenStack (Heat) and bare metal deployment. When integrating with OOM, MSB has +a Kube2MSB registrar which can grasp services information from k8s metafile and +automatically register the services for ONAP components. 4. Portal ========= -ONAP delivers a single, consistent user experience to both design-time -and run-time environments, based on the user’s role. Role changes are -configured within a single ONAP instance. - -This user experience is managed by the ONAP Portal, which provides -access to design, analytics and operational control/administration -functions via a shared, role-based menu or dashboard. The portal -architecture provides web-based capabilities such as application -onboarding and management, centralized access management, and -dashboards, as well as hosted application widgets. - -The portal provides an SDK to enable multiple development teams to -adhere to consistent UI development requirements by taking advantage of -built-in capabilities (Services/API/UI controls), tools and -technologies. ONAP also provides a Command Line Interface (CLI) for -operators who require it (e.g., to integrate with their scripting -environment). ONAP SDKs enable operations/security, third parties (e.g., -vendors and consultants), and other experts to continually -define/redefine new collection, analytics, and policies (including -recipes for corrective/remedial action) using the ONAP Design Framework -Portal. +ONAP delivers a single, consistent user experience to both design time and +runtime environments, based on the user’s role. Role changes are configured +within a single ONAP instance. + +This user experience is managed by the ONAP Portal, which provides access to +design, analytics and operational control/administration functions via a +shared, role-based menu or dashboard. The portal architecture provides +web-based capabilities such as application onboarding and management, +centralized access management through the Authentication and Authorization +Framework, and dashboards, as well as hosted application widgets. + +The portal provides an SDK to enable multiple development teams to adhere to +consistent UI development requirements by taking advantage of built-in +capabilities (Services/ API/ UI controls), tools and technologies. ONAP also +provides a Command Line Interface (CLI) for operators who require it (e.g., to +integrate with their scripting environment). ONAP SDKs enable +operations/security, third parties (e.g., vendors and consultants), and other +experts to continually define/redefine new collection, analytics, and policies +(including recipes for corrective/remedial action) using the ONAP Design +Framework Portal. 5. Design-time Framework ======================== -The design-time framework is a comprehensive development environment -with tools, techniques, and repositories for defining/ describing -resources, services, and products. +The design time framework is a comprehensive development environment with +tools, techniques, and repositories for defining/describing resources, +services, and products. The design time framework facilitates reuse of models, further improving -efficiency as more and more models become available. Resources, -services, products, and their management and control functions can all -be modeled using a common set of specifications and policies (e.g., rule -sets) for controlling behavior and process execution. Process -specifications automatically sequence instantiation, delivery and -lifecycle management for resources, services, products and the ONAP -platform components themselves. Certain process specifications (i.e., -‘recipes’) and policies are geographically distributed to optimize -performance and maximize autonomous behavior in federated cloud -environments. - -Service Design and Creation (SDC) provides tools, techniques, and -repositories to define/simulate/certify system assets as well as their -associated processes and policies. Each asset is categorized into one of -four asset groups: Resource, Services, Products, or Offers. - -The SDC environment supports diverse users via common services and -utilities. Using the design studio, product and service designers -onboard/extend/retire resources, services and products. Operations, -Engineers, Customer Experience Managers, and Security Experts create -workflows, policies and methods to implement Closed Loop -Automation/Control and manage elastic scalability. - -To support and encourage a healthy VNF ecosystem, ONAP provides a set of -VNF packaging and validation tools in the VNF Supplier API and Software -Development Kit (VNF SDK) and VNF Validation Program (VVP) components. -Vendors can integrate these tools in their CI/CD environments to package -VNFs and upload them to the validation engine. Once tested, the VNFs can -be onboarded through SDC. - -The Policy Creation component deals with polices; these are rules, -conditions, requirements, constraints, attributes, or needs that must be -provided, maintained, and/or enforced. At a lower level, Policy involves -machine-readable rules enabling actions to be taken based on triggers or -requests. Policies often consider specific conditions in effect (both in -terms of triggering specific policies when conditions are met, and in -selecting specific outcomes of the evaluated policies appropriate to the -conditions). Policy allows rapid modification through easily updating -rules, thus updating technical behaviors of components in which those -policies are used, without requiring rewrites of their software code. -Policy permits simpler management / control of complex mechanisms via -abstraction. - -The Closed Loop Automation Management Platform (CLAMP) provides a -platform for designing and managing control loops. CLAMP is used to -design a closed loop, configure it with specific parameters for a -particular network service, then deploy and decommission it. Once -deployed, a user can also update the loop with new parameters during -runtime, as well as suspend and restart it. +efficiency as more and more models become available. Resources, services and +their management and control functions can all be modeled using a common set +of specifications and policies (e.g., rule sets) for controlling behavior and +process execution. Process specifications automatically sequence instantiation, +delivery and lifecycle management for resources, services, products and the +ONAP platform components themselves. Certain process specifications (i.e., +‘recipes’) and policies are geographically distributed to optimize performance +and maximize autonomous behavior in federated cloud environments. + +Service Design and Creation (SDC) provides tools, techniques, and repositories +to define/simulate/certify system assets as well as their associated processes +and policies. Each asset is categorized into one of two asset groups: Resource +or Services. +The SDC environment supports diverse users via common services and utilities. +Using the design studio, product and service designers onboard/extend/retire +resources and services. Operations, Engineers, Customer Experience Managers, +and Security Experts create workflows, policies and methods to implement Closed +control Loop Automation/Control and manage elastic scalability. + +To support and encourage a healthy VNF ecosystem, ONAP provides a set of VNF +packaging and validation tools in the VNF Supplier API and Software Development +Kit (VNF SDK) and VNF Validation Program (VVP) components. Vendors can +integrate these tools in their CI/CD environments to package VNFs and upload +them to the validation engine. Once tested, the VNFs can be onboarded through +SDC. In addition, the testing capability of VNFSDK is being utilized at the LFN +Compliance Verification Program to work towards ensuring a highly consistent +approach to VNF verification. + +The Policy Creation component deals with policies; these are rules, conditions, +requirements, constraints, attributes, or needs that must be provided, +maintained, and/or enforced. At a lower level, Policy involves machine-readable +rules enabling actions to be taken based on triggers or requests. Policies +often consider specific conditions in effect (both in terms of triggering +specific policies when conditions are met, and in selecting specific outcomes +of the evaluated policies appropriate to the conditions). + +Policy allows rapid modification through easily updating rules, thus updating +technical behaviors of components in which those policies are used, without +requiring rewrites of their software code. Policy permits simpler management / +control of complex mechanisms via abstraction. + +The Closed Loop Automation Management Platform (CLAMP) provides a platform for +managing control loops. CLAMP is used to manage a closed control loop, +configure it with specific parameters for a particular network service, then +deploy and decommission it. Once deployed, a user can also update the loop with +new parameters during runtime, as well as suspend and restart it. 6. Runtime Framework ==================== -The runtime execution framework executes the rules and policies -distributed by the design and creation environment. +The runtime execution framework executes the rules and policies distributed by +the design and creation environment. -This allows for the distribution of policy enforcement and templates -among various ONAP modules such as the Service Orchestrator (SO), -Controllers, Data Collection, Analytics and Events (DCAE), Active and -Available Inventory (A&AI), and a Security Framework. These components -use common services that support logging, access control, and data -management. A new component, Multi-Site State Coordination (MUSIC), -allows the platform to register and manage state across multi-site -deployments. The External API provides access for third-party frameworks -such as MEF, TM Forum and potentially others, to facilitate interactions -between operator BSS and relevant ONAP components. +This allows for the distribution of policy enforcement and templates among +various ONAP modules such as the Service Orchestrator (SO), Controllers, Data +Collection, Analytics and Events (DCAE), Active and Available Inventory (A&AI), +and a Security Framework. These components use common services that support +logging, access control, Multi-Site State Coordination (MUSIC), which allow the +platform to register and manage state across multi-site deployments. The +External API provides access for third-party frameworks such as MEF, TM Forum +and potentially others, to facilitate interactions between operator BSS and +relevant ONAP components. The logging services also includes event based +analysis capabilities to support post orchestration consistency analysis. Orchestration ------------- -The Service Orchestrator (SO) component executes the specified processes -by automating sequences of activities, tasks, rules and policies needed -for on-demand creation, modification or removal of network, application -or infrastructure services and resources. The SO provides orchestration -at a very high level, with an end-to-end view of the infrastructure, -network, and applications. - -The External API Northbound Interface component provides a -standards-based interface between the BSS and and various ONAP -components, including Service Orchestrator, A&AI and SDC, providing an -abstracted view of the platform. This type of abstraction allows service -providers to use their existing BSS/OSS environment and minimize -lengthy, high-cost integration with underlying infrastructure. The -Beijing release is the first of a series of enhancements in support of -SDO collaborations, which are expected to support inter-operator -exchanges and other use cases defined by associated standards bodies -such as MEF, TM Forum and others. - -Policy-driven Workload Optimization +The Service Orchestrator (SO) component executes the specified processes by +automating sequences of activities, tasks, rules and policies needed for +on-demand creation, modification or removal of network, application or +infrastructure services and resources. The SO provides orchestration at a very +high level, with an end-to-end view of the infrastructure, network, and +applications. + +The External API Northbound Interface component provides a standards-based +interface between the BSS and various ONAP components, including Service +Orchestrator, A&AI, and SDC. This provides an abstracted view of the platform +within the existing BSS/OSS environment without lengthy, high-cost +infrastructure integration. The Beijing release was the first of a series of +enhancements in support of SDO collaborations, which are expected to support +inter-operator exchanges and other use cases defined by associated standards +bodies such as MEF, TM Forum and others. + +The Virtual Infrastructure Deployment (VID) application enables users to +instantiate infrastructure services from SDC, along with their associated +components, and to execute change management operations such as scaling and +software upgrades to existing VNF instances. + +Policy-Driven Workload Optimization ----------------------------------- -In the Beijing Release, ONAP Optimization Framework (OOF) provides a -policy-driven and model-driven framework for creating optimization -applications for a broad range of use cases. OOF-HAS is a policy-driven -workload optimization service that enables optimized placement of -services across multiple sites and multiple clouds, based on a wide -variety of policy constraints including capacity, location, platform -capabilities, and other service specific constraints. - -In the Beijing Release, ONAP Multi-VIM/Cloud (MC) and several other ONAP -components such as Policy, SO, A&AI etc. play an important role in -enabling “Policy-driven Performance/Security-aware Adaptive Workload -Placement/Scheduling” across cloud sites through OOF-HAS. OOF-HAS uses -Hardware Platform Awareness (HPA) and real-time Capacity Checks provided -by ONAP MC to determine the optimal VIM/Cloud instances, which can -deliver the required performance SLAs, for workload (VNF etc.) placement -and scheduling (Homing). The key operator benefit is realizing the true -value of virtualization through fine grained optimization of cloud -resources while delivering the performance/security SLAs. For the -Beijing release, this feature is available for the vCPE use case. +The ONAP Optimization Framework (OOF) provides a policy-driven and model-driven +framework for creating optimization applications for a broad range of use +cases. OOF Homing and Allocation Service (HAS) is a policy driven workload +optimization service that enables optimized placement of services across +multiple sites and multiple clouds, based on a wide variety of policy +constraints including capacity, location, platform capabilities, and other +service specific constraints. + +ONAP Multi-VIM/Cloud (MC) and several other ONAP components such as Policy, SO, +A&AI etc. play an important role in enabling “Policy-driven +Performance/Security-Aware Adaptive Workload Placement/ Scheduling” across +cloud sites through OOF-HAS. OOF-HAS uses Hardware Platform Awareness (HPA), +cloud agnostic intent capabilities and real-time capacity checks provided by +ONAP MC to determine the optimal VIM/Cloud instances, which can deliver the +required performance SLAs, for workload (VNF etc.) placement and scheduling +(Homing). Operators now realize the true value of virtualization through fine +grained optimization of cloud resources while delivering performance and +security SLAs. For the Beijing release, this feature was available for the vCPE +use case. Controllers ----------- -Controllers are applications which are coupled with cloud and network -services and execute the configuration, real-time policies, and control -the state of distributed components and services. Rather than using a -single monolithic control layer, operators may choose to use multiple -distinct Controller types that manage resources in the execution -environment corresponding to their assigned controlled domain such as -cloud computing resources (network configuration (SDN-C) and application -(App-C). Also, the Virtual Function Controller (VF-C) provides an ETSI -NFV compliant NFV-O function, that is responsible for lifecycle -management of virtual services and the associated physical COTS server -infrastructure. VF-C provides a generic VNFM capability but also -integrates with external VNFMs and VIMs as part of a NFV MANO stack. - -In the Beijing release, the new Multisite State Coordination (MUSIC) -project records and manages state of the Portal and ONAP Optimization -Framework to ensure consistency, redundancy and high availability across -geographically distributed ONAP deployments. +Controllers are applications which are coupled with cloud and network services +and execute the configuration, real-time policies, and control the state of +distributed components and services. Rather than using a single monolithic +control layer, operators may choose to use multiple distinct controller types +that manage resources in the execution environment corresponding to their +assigned controlled domain such as cloud computing resources (network +configuration (SDN-C) and application (App-C). Also, the Virtual Function +Controller (VF-C) provides an ETSI NFV compliant NFV-O function that is +responsible for lifecycle management of virtual services and the associated +physical COTS server infrastructure. VF-C provides a generic VNFM capability +but also integrates with external VNFMs and VIMs as part of an NFV MANO stack. + +The new Multisite State Coordination (MUSIC) project records and manages state +of the Portal and ONAP Optimization Framework to ensure consistency, redundancy +and high availability across geographically distributed ONAP deployments. Inventory --------- -Active and Available Inventory (A&AI) provides real-time views of a -system’s resources, services, products and their relationships with each -other. The views provided by A&AI relate data managed by multiple ONAP -instances, Business Support Systems (BSS), Operation Support Systems -(OSS), and network applications to form a “top to bottom” view ranging -from the products end-users buy, to the resources that form the raw -material for creating the products. A&AI not only forms a registry of -products, services, and resources, it also maintains up-to-date views of -the relationships between these inventory items. - -To deliver the promised dynamism of SDN/NFV, A&AI is updated in real -time by the controllers as they make changes in the network environment. -A&AI is metadata-driven, allowing new inventory types to be added -dynamically and quickly via SDC catalog definitions, eliminating the -need for lengthy development cycles. - -7. Closed-Loop Automation -========================= - -The following sections describe the ONAP frameworks designed to address -major operator requirements. The key pattern that these frameworks help -automate is: - -**Design -> Create -> Collect -> Analyze -> Detect -> Publish -> -Respond.** - -We refer to this automation pattern as “closed-loop automation” in that -it provides the necessary automation to proactively respond to network -and service conditions without human intervention. A high-level -schematic of the “closed-loop automation” and the various phases within -the service lifecycle using the automation is depicted in Figure 3. - -Closed-loop control is provided by Data Collection, Analytics and Events -(DCAE) and one or more of the other ONAP runtime components. -Collectively, they provide FCAPS (Fault Configuration Accounting -Performance Security) functionality. DCAE collects performance, usage, -and configuration data; provides computation of analytics; aids in -troubleshooting; and publishes events, data and analytics (e.g., to -policy, orchestration, and the data lake). Another component, “Holmes”, -connects to DCAE and provides alarm correlation for ONAP, which depicts -the topological relation between different alarms raising either from -different layers of VNFs or from different VNF entities that are -distributed all over the network. - -Working with the Policy Framework and CLAMP, these components detect -problems in the network and identify the appropriate remediation. In -some cases, the action will be automatic, and they will notify Service -Orchestrator or one of the controllers to take action. In other cases, -as configured by the operator, they will raise an alarm but require -human intervention before executing the change. - -**Figure 5: ONAP Closed Loop Automation** +Active and Available Inventory (A&AI) provides real-time views of a system’s +resources, services, products and their relationships with each other, and in +Casablanca it also retains a historical view. The views provided by A&AI relate +data managed by multiple ONAP instances, Business Support Systems (BSS), +Operation Support Systems (OSS), and network applications to form a +“top to bottom” view ranging from the products end users buy, to the resources +that form the raw material for creating the products. A&AI not only forms a +registry of products, services, and resources, it also maintains up-to-date +views of the relationships between these inventory items. + +To deliver the promised dynamism of SDN/NFV, A&AI is updated in real time by +the controllers as they make changes in the network environment. A&AI is +metadata-driven, allowing new inventory types to be added dynamically and +quickly via SDC catalog definitions, eliminating the need for lengthy +development cycles. + +Multi Cloud Adaptation +---------------------- + +Multi-VIM/Cloud provides and infrastructure adaptation layer for VIMs/Clouds +in exposing advanced hardware platform awareness and cloud agnostic intent +capabilities, besides standard capabilities, which are used by OOF and other +components for enhanced cloud selection and SO/VF-C for cloud agnostic workload +deployment. The cloud agnostic intent capabilities are newly introduced in the +Casablanca release. + +7. Closed Control Loop Automation +================================= + +Closed loop control is provided by cooperation among a number of design time +and runtime elements. The Runtime loop starts with Data Collection, Analytics +and Events (DCAE) and then moves through the loop of micro-services like Homes +for event detection, Policy for determining actions, and finally controllers +and orchestrators to implement actions CLAMP is used to monitor the loops +themselves. CLAMP, Policy and DCAE all have design time aspects to support the +creation of the loops. + +We refer to this automation pattern as “closed control loop automation” in that +it provides the necessary automation to proactively respond to network and +service conditions without human intervention. A high-level schematic of the +“closed control loop automation” and the various phases within the service +lifecycle using the automation is depicted in Figure 3. + +Closed control loop control is provided by Data Collection, Analytics and +Events (DCAE) and one or more of the other ONAP runtime components. +Collectively, they provide FCAPS (Fault Configuration Accounting Performance +Security) functionality. DCAE collects performance, usage, and configuration +data; provides computation of analytics; aids in troubleshooting; and publishes +events, data and analytics (e.g., to policy, orchestration, and the data lake). +Another component, “Holmes”, connects to DCAE and provides alarm correlation +for ONAP. In the Casablanca Release, DCAE evolved to support new analytics +capabilities with PNDA (http://pnda.io/) as well as new data collection +capabilities with High Volume VES and bulk performance management support. + +Working with the Policy Framework and CLAMP, these components detect problems +in the network and identify the appropriate remediation. In some cases, the +action will be automatic, and they will notify Service Orchestrator or one of +the controllers to take action. In other cases, as configured by the operator, +they will raise an alarm but require human intervention before executing the +change. The policy framework is extended to support additional policy decision +capabilities with the introduction of adaptive policy execution. -|image4| +|image3| + +**Figure 3: ONAP Closed Control Loop Automation** 8. Common Services ================== -ONAP provides common operational services for all ONAP components -including activity logging, reporting, common data layer, access -control, secret and credential management, resiliency, and software -lifecycle management. +ONAP provides common operational services for all ONAP components including +activity logging, reporting, common data layer, access control, secret and +credential management, resiliency, and software lifecycle management. -These services provide access management and security enforcement, data -backup, restoration and recovery. They support standardized VNF -interfaces and guidelines. +These services provide access management and security enforcement, data backup, +restoration and recovery. They support standardized VNF interfaces and +guidelines. -Operating in a virtualized environment introduces new security -challenges and opportunities. ONAP provides increased security by -embedding access controls in each ONAP platform component, augmented by -analytics and policy components specifically designed for the detection -and mitigation of security violations. +Operating in a virtualized environment introduces new security challenges and +opportunities. ONAP provides increased security by embedding access controls +in each ONAP platform component, augmented by analytics and policy components +specifically designed for the detection and mitigation of security violations. 9. ONAP Modeling ================ -Adopting the model-driven approach, ONAP provides models to assist the -service design, development of various ONAP components and improve the -interoperability of ONAP. +ONAP provides models to assist with service design, the development of ONAP +service components, and with the improvement of standards interoperability. -Models are essential part for the design time and run time framework -development. The ONAP modeling project leverages the experience of -member companies, standard organizations and other open source projects -to produce models which are simple, extensible, and reusable. The goal -is to fulfill the requirements of various use cases, guide the -development and bring consistency among ONAP components and explore a -common model to improve the interoperability of ONAP. +Models are essential part for the design time and runtime framework +development. The ONAP modeling project leverages the experience of member +companies, standard organizations and other open source projects to produce +models which are simple, extensible, and reusable. The goal is to fulfill the +requirements of various use cases, guide the development and bring consistency +among ONAP components and explore a common model to improve the +interoperability of ONAP. -In the Bejing Release, ONAP supports the following Models: +In the Casablanca Release, ONAP supports the following Models: -- A VNF Information Model based on ETSI NFV IFA011 v.2.4.1 with +- A VNF Descriptor Information Model based on ETSI NFV IFA011 v.2.4.1 with appropriate modifications aligned with ONAP requirements; +- A VNF Descriptor Model based on TOSCA implementation based on the IM and + follow the same model definitions in ETSI NFV SOL001 v 0.6.0. +- VNF Package format leveraging the ETSI NFV SOL004 specification. +- A Network Service Descriptor (NSD) has been realized by the VFC (using the + modelling project parsing capabilities). -- A VNF Descriptor Model based on TOSCA implementation based on the IM - and follow the same model definitions in ETSI NFV SOL001 v 0.6.0. +These models enable ONAP to interoperate with implementations based on +standards, and improve the industry collaboration. + +10. ONAP Blueprints +=================== + +ONAP can support an unlimited number of use cases. However, to provide concrete +examples of how to use ONAP to solve real-world problems, the community has +created a set of blueprints. In addition to helping users rapidly adopt the +ONAP platform through end-to-end solutions, these blueprints also help the +community prioritize their work. With the ONAP Casablanca release, we +introduced two new blueprints: 5G and CCVPN. Prior blueprints, vCPE, VoLTE and +vFW/vDNS have been ported to Casablanca as well. + +5G Blueprint +------------ +The 5G blueprint is a multi-release effort, with Casablanca introducing first +set of capabilities around PNF integration, edge automation, real-time +analytics, network slicing, data modeling, homing, scaling, and network +optimization. The combination of eMBB that promises peak data rates of 20 Mbps, +uRLLC that guarantees sub millisecond response times and MMTC that can support +0.92 devices per sq. ft. brings with it some unique requirements. First, ONAP +needs to support network services that include PNFs in addition to VNFs. Next +ONAP needs to support edge cloud onboarding as network services will no longer +be restricted to just large datacenters but will proliferate a large number of +distributed edge locations. Finally, ONAP needs to collect real-time +performance data for analytics and policy driven closed-loop automation. These +requirements have led to several initiatives within ONAP to holistically address +the 5G blueprint. -- VNF Package format based on ETSI NFV SOL004 specification. +|image4| -These models enable ONAP to interoperate with implementations based on -standard, and improve the industry collaboration. Service models, -multi-VIM models and other models will be explored and defined in the -Casablanca and future releases. +**Figure 4. Disaggregated Hybrid RAN** -10. ONAP Use Cases -================== +Read the 5G Blueprint to learn more. + +Virtual CPE Blueprint +--------------------- -The ONAP project tests blueprints for real-world use cases to enable -rapid adoption of the platform. With the first release of ONAP -(“Amsterdam”), we introduced two blueprints: vCPE and VoLTE. Subsequent -releases test additional functionality and/or new blueprints. - -Virtual CPE Use Case --------------------- - -In this use case, many traditional network functions such as NAT, -firewall, and parental controls are implemented as virtual network -functions. These VNFs can either be deployed in the data center or at -the customer edge (or both). Also, some network traffic will be tunneled -(using MPLS VPN, VxLAN, etc.) to the data center, while other traffic -can flow directly to the Internet. A vCPE infrastructure allows service -providers to offer new value-added services to their customers with less -dependency on the underlying hardware. - -In this use case, the customer has a physical CPE (pCPE) attached to a -traditional broadband network such as DSL (Figure 1). On top of this -service, a tunnel is established to a data center hosting various VNFs. -In addition, depending on the capabilities of the pCPE, some functions -can be deployed on the customer site. - -This use case traditionally requires fairly complicated orchestration -and management, managing both the virtual environment and underlay -connectivity between the customer and the service provider. ONAP -supports such a use case with two key components – SDN-C, which manages -connectivity services, and APP-C, which manages virtualization services. -In this case, ONAP provides a common service orchestration layer for the -end-to-end service. It uses the SDN-C component to establish network -connectivity. Similarly, ONAP uses the APP-C component to manage the VNF -lifecycle. Deploying ONAP in this fashion simplifies and greatly -accelerates the task of trialing and launching new value-added services. - -In the Beijing Release, the vCPE use case supports Policy-driven -Workload Optimization, which is supported by OOF, Multi-VIM/Cloud, -Policy, SO, A&AI and other ONAP components. - -**Figure 6. ONAP vCPE Architecture** +This blueprint addresses a residential use case, where the services offered to +a subscriber are currently restricted to what is designed into the broadband +residential gateway. In this blueprint, the customer has a slimmed down +physical CPE (pCPE), that only consists of bridging functionality, attached to +a traditional broadband network such as DSL or DOCSIS (Figure 5). A tunnel is +established to a data center hosting various VNFs providing a much larger set +of services to the subscriber at a significantly lower cost to the operator. +ONAP supports complex orchestration and management of both virtual and underlay +connectivity with two key components–SDN-C, which manages connectivity service +, and APP-C, which manages virtualization services. In this case, ONAP provides +a common service orchestration layer for the end-to-end service. This blueprint +shows advanced functionality such as scaling, change management , HPA and cloud +agnostic intent. |image5| -Read the Residential vCPE Use Case with ONAP whitepaper to learn more. +**Figure 5. ONAP vCPE Architecture** -Voice over LTE (VoLTE) Use Case -------------------------------- +Read the Residential vCPE Use Case with ONAP blueprint to learn more. -The second blueprint developed for ONAP is Voice over LTE. This -blueprint demonstrates how a Mobile Service Provider (SP) could deploy -VoLTE services based on SDN/NFV. This blueprint incorporates commercial -VNFs to create and manage the underlying vEPC and vIMS services by -interworking with vendor-specific components, including VNFMs, EMSs, -VIMs and SDN controllers, across Edge Data Centers and a Core Date -Center. +Voice over LTE (VoLTE) Blueprint +-------------------------------- -**Figure 7. ONAP VoLTE Architecture** +This blueprint uses ONAP to orchestrate a Voice over LTE service. This +blueprint demonstrates how a Mobile Service Provider (SP) could deploy VoLTE +services based on SDN/NFV. The VoLTE blueprint incorporates commercial VNFs to +create and manage the underlying vEPC and vIMS services by interworking with +vendor-specific components, including VNFMs, EMSs, VIMs and SDN controllers, +across Edge Data Centers and a Core Data Center. ONAP supports the VoLTE use +case with several key components: SO, VF-C, SDN-C, and Multi-VIM/ Cloud. In +this blueprint, SO is responsible for VoLTE end-to-end service orchestration +working in collaboration with VF-C and SDN-C. SDN-C establishes network +connectivity, then the VF-C component completes the Network Services and VNF +lifecycle management (including service initiation, termination and manual +scaling) and FCAPS (fault, configuration, accounting, performance, security) +management. This blueprint also shows advanced functionality such as scaling +and change management. |image6| -ONAP supports the VoLTE use case with several key components: SO, VF-C, -SDN-C, and Multi-VIM/ Cloud. In this use case, SO is responsible for -VoLTE end-to-end service orchestration. It collaborates with VF-C and -SDN-C to deploy the VoLTE service. ONAP uses the SDN-C component to -establish network connectivity, then the VF-C component completes the -Network Services and VNF lifecycle management (including service -initiation, termination and manual scaling which is composed of VNFs -based on the unified VNFD model) and FCAPS (fault, configuration, -accounting, performance, security) management. VF-C can also integrate -with commercial VIMs in the Edge and Core datacenters via abstract -interfaces provided by Multi-VIM/Cloud. +**Figure 6. ONAP VoLTE Architecture Open Network Automation Platform** + +Read the VoLTE with ONAP blueprint to learn more. -Using ONAP to manage the complete lifecycle of the VoLTE use case brings -increased agility, CAPEX and OPEX reductions, and increased -infrastructure efficiency to Communication Service Providers (CSPs). In -addition, the usage of commercial software in this blueprint offers CSPs -an efficient path to rapid production. +CCVPN (Cross Domain and Cross Layer VPN) Blueprint +-------------------------------------------------- +CSPs, such as CMCC and Vodafone, see a strong demand for high-bandwidth, flat, +high-speed OTN (Optical Transport Networks) across carrier networks. They also +want to provide a high-speed, flexible and intelligent service for high-value +customers, and an instant and flexible VPN service for SMB companies. -Read the VoLTE Use Case with ONAP whitepaper to learn more. +|image7| -.. include:: blueprint-enr.rst +**Figure 7. ONAP CCVPN Architecture** + +The CCVPN (Cross Domain and Cross Layer VPN) blueprint is a combination of SOTN +(Super high-speed Optical Transport Network) and ONAP, which takes advantage of +the orchestration ability of ONAP, to realize a unified management and +scheduling of resource and services. It achieves cross-domain orchestration and +ONAP peering across service providers. ONAP supports the CCVPN use case with +several key components: SO, VF-C, SDN-C, Policy, Holmes and DCAE. In this +blueprint, SO is responsible for CCVPN end-to-end service orchestration working +in collaboration with VF-C and SDN-C. SDN-C establishes network connectivity, +then the VF-C component completes the Network Services and VNF lifecycle +management. ONAP peering across CSPs uses east-west API which is being aligned +with the MEF Interlude API. The key innovations in this use case are physical +network discovery and modeling, cross-domain orchestration across multiple +physical networks, cross operator end-to-end service provisioning and +close-loop reroute for cross-domain service. + +Read the CCVPN with ONAP blueprint to learn more. + +vFW/vDNS Blueprint +------------------ + +The virtual firewall, virtual DNS blueprint is a basic demo to verify that +ONAP has been correctly installed and to get a basic introduction to ONAP. +The blueprint consists of 5 VNFs: vFW, vPacketGenerator, vDataSink, vDNS and +vLoadBalancer. The blueprint exercises most aspects of ONAP, showing VNF +onboarding, network service creation, service deployment and closed-loop +automation. The key components involved are SDC, CLAMP, SO, APP-C, DCAE and +Policy. + +Read the vFW/vDNS with ONAP blueprint to learn more. Conclusion ========== The ONAP platform provides a comprehensive platform for real-time, -policy-driven orchestration and automation of physical and virtual -network functions that will enable software, network, IT and cloud -providers and developers to rapidly automate new services and support -complete lifecycle management. +policy-driven orchestration and automation of physical and virtual network +functions that will enable software, network, IT and cloud providers and +developers to rapidly automate new services and support complete lifecycle +management. -By unifying member resources, ONAP will accelerate the development of a -vibrant ecosystem of VNFs around a globally shared architecture and -implementation for network automation–with an open standards focus– -faster than any one product could on its own. +By unifying member resources, ONAP will accelerate the development of a vibrant +ecosystem around a globally shared architecture and implementation for network +automation—with an open standards focus—faster than any one product could on +its own. +Resources +========= +Watch videos about the major platform components on YouTube and Youku +Read about how ONAP can be deployed using containers -.. |image0| image:: media/ONAP-DTRT.png - :width: 6in - :height: 2.6in .. |image1| image:: media/ONAP-toplevel.png :width: 6.5in :height: 3.13548in .. |image2| image:: media/ONAP-fncview.png :width: 6.5in :height: 3.409in -.. |image3| image:: media/ONAP-oom.png - :width: 2.28472in - :height: 2.30625in -.. |image4| image:: media/ONAP-closedloop.png +.. |image3| image:: media/ONAP-closedloop.png + :width: 6in + :height: 2.6in +.. |image4| image:: media/ONAP-5G.png :width: 6in :height: 2.6in .. |image5| image:: media/ONAP-vcpe.png @@ -596,3 +669,6 @@ faster than any one product could on its own. .. |image6| image:: media/ONAP-volte.png :width: 6.5in :height: 3.02431in +.. |image7| image:: media/ONAP-ccvpn.png + :width: 6.5in + :height: 3.02431in |
