.. Modifications Copyright © 2017-2018 AT&T Intellectual Property. .. Licensed under the Creative Commons License, Attribution 4.0 Intl. (the "License"); you may not use this documentation except in compliance with the License. You may obtain a copy of the License at .. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ .. Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations under the License. Monitoring & Management ----------------------- This section addresses data collection and event processing functionality that is directly dependent on the interfaces provided by the xNFs’ APIs. These can be in the form of asynchronous interfaces for event, fault notifications, and autonomous data streams. They can also be synchronous interfaces for on-demand requests to retrieve various performance, usage, and other event information. It should be understood that events are well structured packages of information, identified by an eventName, which are communicated to subscribers who are interested in the eventName. Events are simply a way of communicating well-structured packages of information to one or more instances of an Event Listener service. The target direction for xNF interfaces is to employ APIs that are implemented utilizing standardized messaging and modeling protocols over standardized transports. Virtualized environments present a tremendous opportunity to eliminate the need for proprietary interfaces for xNF provider equipment while removing the traditional boundaries between Network Management Systems and Element Management Systems. Additionally, virtualized NFs provide the ability to instrument networking applications by creating event records to test and monitor end-to-end data flow through the network, similar to what physical or virtual probes provide without the need to insert probes at various points in the network. The xNF providers must be able to provide the aforementioned set of required data directly to the ONAP collection layer using standardized interfaces. Data Model for Event Records ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ This section describes the data model for the collection of telemetry data from xNFs by Service Providers (SPs) to manage xNF health and run-time life cycle. This data model is referred to as the VES Data Model. The VES acronym originally stood for Virtual-function Event Streaming, but VES has been generalized to support network-function event streaming, whether virtualized or not. The VES Data Model describes a vendor-agnostic common vocabulary of event payloads. Vendor-specific, product-specific or service-specific data is supported by the inclusion of a flexible additional information field structure. The VES Data Models' common vocabulary is used to drive standard and automated data analytics (policy-driven analytics) within the ONAP DCAE Framework. While this document is focused on specifying some of the records from the ONAP perspective, there may be other external bodies using the same framework to specify additional records. For example, OPNFV has a VES project that is looking to specify records for OpenStack’s internal telemetry to manage application (xNFs), physical and virtual infrastructure (compute, storage, network devices, etc.) and virtual infrastructure managers (cloud controllers, SDN controllers). It uses ONAP’s VES Agent to generate VES events from the xNF and Intel’s collectD agent to generate infrastructure VES events. Note that any configurable parameters for these data records (e.g., frequency, granularity, policy-based configuration) will be managed using the “Configuration” framework described in the prior sections of this document. The infrastructure metrics have been funneled via the ONAP Multi-VIM Project and are now included in current specifications. The Data Model consists of: * Common Header Record: This data structure precedes each of the Technology Independent and Technology Specific records sections of the data model. * Technology Independent Records: This version of the document specifies the model for Fault, Heartbeat, Measurements, Notification, pnfRegistration, State Change, Syslog, and Threshold Crossing Alerts records. In the future, these may be extended to support other types of technology independent records (work is currently progressing to define a new Performance Domain that would be able to support already defined 3GPP Metrics for xNF, e.g. 5G RAN device Use Case in Casablanca). Each of these records allows additional fields (name/ value pairs) for extensibility. The xNF provider may use these xNF provider-specific additional fields to provide additional information that may be relevant to the managing systems. * Technology Specific Records: This version of the document specifies the model for Mobile Flow records, Signaling and Voice Quality records. In the future, these may be extended to support other types of records (e.g. Network Fabric, Security records, etc.). Each of these records allows additional fields (name/value pairs) for extensibility. The xNF provider can use these xNF-specific additional fields to provide additional information that may be relevant to the managing systems. A placeholder for additional technology specific areas of interest to be defined in the future documents has been depicted. |image0| Figure 1. Data Model for Event Records Event Records - Data Structure Description ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ The data structure for event records consists of: - a Common Event Header block; and - zero (Heartbeat) or more technology independent domain blocks; or - e.g. Fault, Measurements, Notification, PNF Registration, State Change, Syslog, TCA, Other Fields etc. - technology specific domain blocks. - e.g. Mobile Flow, Signaling, Voice Quality, etc. Common Event Header ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The common header that precedes any of the domain-specific records contains information identifying the type of record to follow, information about the sender and other identifying characteristics related to the domain and event. (e.g., name, priority, sequence number, source, timestamp, type, etc.). .. req:: :id: R-528866 :target: VNF :introduced: casablanca :validation_mode: in_service :impacts: dcae :keyword: MUST The VNF **MUST** produce VES events that include the following mandatory fields in the common event header. * ``domain`` - the event domain enumeration * ``eventId`` - the event key unique to the event source * ``eventName`` - the unique event name * ``lastEpochMicrosec`` - the latest unix time (aka epoch time) associated with the event * ``priority`` - the processing priority enumeration * ``reportingEntityName`` - name of the entity reporting the event or detecting a problem in another xNF * ``sequence`` - the ordering of events communicated by an event source * ``sourceName`` - name of the entity experiencing the event issue, which may be detected and reported by a separate reporting entity * ``startEpochMicrosec`` - the earliest unix time (aka epoch time) associated with the event * ``version`` - the version of the event header * ``vesEventListenerVersion`` - Version of the VES event listener API spec that this event is compliant with Technology Independent Records – Fault Fields ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The current version of the data model supports the following technology independent event records: * ``Fault`` - the Fault Record, describing a condition in the Fault domain, contains information about device failures. The fault event provides data such as the entity experiencing a fault, the severity, resulting status, etc. * ``Heartbeat`` - the Heartbeat Record provides an optional structure for communicating information about device health. Heartbeat records would only have the Common Event Header block. An optional heartbeat domain is available to specify information such as heartbeat interval and recommended action upon missing heartbeat interval. Heartbeat avoids the need to ping a device. A communication failure can be determined via missing heartbeat events being delivered to DCAE and appropriate action (e.g. restart VM, rebuild xNF or create ticket) can be taken by DCAE CLAMP. * ``Measurements`` - the Measurements Record contains information about xNF and xNF resource structure and its condition to help in the management of the resources for purposes of capacity planning, elastic scaling, performance management and service assurance. These are soft alarms providing an opportunity for proactive maintenance. * ``Notification`` - the Notification Record provides a structure for communicating notification information from the NF. It can contain notification information related to the current operational state that is reported by the NF. As an example, when cards or port name of the entity have changed state. (e.g., offline -> online) Other use cases include notification of file ready for collection using Bulk Data Transfer or notification on configuration changes to a device. * ``Other`` - the Other Record defines fields for events that do not have a defined domain but are needed to be collected and sent to DCAE. This record provides a mechanism to convey a complex set of fields (possibly nested or opaque) and is purely intended to address miscellaneous needs such as addressing time-to-market considerations or other proof-of-concept evaluations. Hence, use of this record type is discouraged and should be minimized. (Note: the Other domain could be used to create and test new domain ideas.) * ``pnfRegistration`` - the pnfRegistration Record provides a structure for registration of a physical network function. The pnfRegistration Record can contain information about attributes related to the physical network function including serial number, software revision, unit type and vendor name. * ``State Change`` - the State Change Record provides a structure for communicating information about data flow through the xNF. The State Change Record can contain information about state change related to physical device that is reported by the xNF. As an example, when cards or port name of the entity that has changed state. Note: The Notification Domain can also communicate similar information. * ``Syslog`` - the Syslog Record provides a structure for communicating any type of information that may be logged by the xNF. It can contain information about system internal events, status, errors, etc. It is recommended that low volume control or session logs are communicated via a push mechanism, while other large volume logs should be sent via file transfer. * ``Threshold Crossing Alert`` - the Threshold Crossing Alert (TCA) Record provides a structure for communicating information about threshold crossing alerts. It uses data from the Measurement or a similar domain to watch for a Key Performance Indicator (KPI) threshold that has been crossed. TCA provides alert definitions and types, actions, events, timestamps and physical or logical details. Technology Specific Records ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The current version of the data model supports the following technology specific event records: * ``Mobile Flow`` - the Mobile Flow Record provides a structure for communicating information about data flow through the NF. It can contain information about connectivity and data flows between serving elements for mobile service, such as between LTE reference points, etc. * ``Signaling`` - the Signaling Record provides a structure for communicating information about signaling messages, parameters and signaling state. It can contain information about data flows for signaling and controlling multimedia communication sessions such as voice and video calls. * ``Voice Quality`` - the Voice Quality Record provides a structure for communicating information about voice quality statistics including media connection information, such as transmitted octet and packet counts, packet loss, packet delay variation, round-trip delay, QoS parameters and codec selection. * ``Future Domains`` - the Future Domains Record is a placeholder for additional technology specific areas of interest that will be defined and described in the future documents. Miscellaneous ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The event specification contains various extensible structures (e.g. hashMap) that enable event publishers to send information that has not been explicitly defined. .. req:: :id: R-283988 :target: VNF :introduced: casablanca :validation_mode: in_service :impacts: dcae :keyword: MUST NOT The VNF, when publishing events, **MUST NOT** send information through extensible structures if the event specification has explicitly defined fields for that information. .. req:: :id: R-470963 :target: VNF :introduced: casablanca :validation_mode: in_service :impacts: dcae :keyword: MUST The VNF, when publishing events, **MUST** leverage camel case to separate words and acronyms used as keys that will be sent through extensible fields. When an acronym is used as the key, then only the first letter shall be capitalized. .. req:: :id: R-408813 :target: VNF :keyword: MUST :introduced: casablanca :validation_mode: none :impacts: dcae The VNF, when publishing events, **MUST** pass all information it is able to collect even if the information field is identified as optional. However, if the data cannot be collected, then optional fields can be omitted. Data Structure Specification of the Event Record ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ .. req:: :id: R-520802 :target: XNF PROVIDER :keyword: MUST :introduced: casablanca :validation_mode: static :impacts: dcae The xNF provider **MUST** provide a YAML file formatted in adherence with the :doc:`VES Event Registration specification<../../../../vnfsdk/module.git/files/VESEventRegistration_3_0>` that defines the following information for each event produced by the VNF: * ``eventName`` * Required fields * Optional fields * Any special handling to be performed for that event .. req:: :id: R-120182 :target: XNF PROVIDER :keyword: MUST :introduced: casablanca :validation_mode: static :impacts: dcae The xNF provider **MUST** indicate specific conditions that may arise, and recommend actions that may be taken at specific thresholds, or if specific conditions repeat within a specified time interval, using the semantics and syntax described by the :doc:`VES Event Registration specification<../../../../vnfsdk/module.git/files/VESEventRegistration_3_0>`. **NOTE:** The Service Provider may override xNF provider Event Registrations using the ONAP SDC Design Studio to finalizes Service Provider engineering rules for the processing of the xNF events. These changes may modify any of the following: * Threshold levels * Specified actions related to conditions .. req:: :id: R-570134 :target: XNF :keyword: MUST :introduced: casablanca :validation_mode: in_service :impacts: dcae The events produced by the xNF **MUST** must be compliant with the common event format defined in the :doc:`VES Event Listener<../../../../vnfsdk/model.git/docs/files/VESEventListener_7_0_1>` specification. .. req:: :id: R-123044 :target: XNF PROVIDER :keyword: MUST :introduced: casablanca :validation_mode: in_service :impacts: dcae The xNF Provider **MAY** require that specific events, identified by their ``eventName``, require that certain fields, which are optional in the common event format, must be present when they are published. Transports and Protocols Supporting Resource Interfaces ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Transport mechanisms and protocols have been selected to enable both high volume and moderate volume data sets, as well as asynchronous and synchronous communications over secure connections. The specified encoding provides self-documenting content, so data fields can be changed as needs evolve, while minimizing changes to data delivery. .. req:: :id: R-798933 :target: XNF :keyword: SHOULD :impacts: dcae :validation_mode: in_service :introduced: casblanca The xNF **SHOULD** deliver event records that fall into the event domains supported by VES. .. req:: :id: R-821839 :target: XNF :keyword: MUST :impacts: dcae :validation_mode: in_service :introduced: casblanca The xNF **MUST** deliver event records to ONAP using the common transport mechanisms and protocols defined in this document. The term ‘Event Record’ is used throughout this document to represent various forms of telemetry or instrumentation made available by the xNFs including, faults, status events, various other types of xNF measurements and logs. Common structures and delivery protocols for other types of data will be given in future versions of this document as we gain more insight into data volumes and required processing. In the following sections, we provide options for encoding, serialization and data delivery. Agreements between Service Providers and xNF providers determine which encoding, serialization and delivery method to use for particular data sets. .. req:: :id: R-932071 :target: XNF :keyword: MUST :impacts: dcae :validation_mode: none :introduced: casblanca The xNF provider **MUST** reach agreement with the Service Provider on the selected methods for encoding, serialization and data delivery prior to the on-boarding of the xNF into ONAP SDC Design Studio. xNF Telemetry using VES/JSON Model ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. req:: :id: R-659655 :target: XNF :keyword: SHOULD :impacts: dcae :validation_mode: in_service :introduced: casablanca The xNF **SHOULD** leverage the JSON-driven model, as depicted in Figure 2, for data delivery unless there are specific performance or operational concerns agreed upon by the Service Provider that would warrant using an alternate model. |image1| Figure 2. VES/JSON Driven Model xNF Telemetry using Google Protocol Buffers ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. req:: :id: R-697654 :target: XNF :keyword: MAY :impacts: dcae :validation_mode: in_service :introduced: casablanca The xNF **MAY** leverage the Google Protocol Buffers (GPB) delivery model depicted in Figure 3 to support real-time performance management (PM) data. In this model the VES events are streamed as binary-encoded GBPs over via TCP sockets. |image2| Figure 3. xNF Telemetry using Google Protocol Buffers **NOTE:** For high-volume xNF telemetry, native (binary) Google Protocol Buffers (GPB) is the preferred serialization method. While supporting the GPB telemetry delivery approach described above, the default delivery method is the VES/REST JSON based model in DCAE. The purpose of the diagram above is to illustrate the GPB delivery concept only and not to imply a specific implementation. For additional information and uses cases for Real Time Performance Management and High Volume Stream Data Collection, please refer to the `5G - Real Time PM and High Volume Stream Data Collection ONAP Development `__ Wiki page. Bulk Telemetry Transmission ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. req:: :id: R-908291 :target: XNF :keyword: MAY :introduced: casablanca :impacts: dcae, dmaap :validation_mode: in_service The XNF **MAY** leverage bulk xNF telemetry transmission mechanism, as depicted in Figure 4, in instances where other transmission methods are not practical or advisable. |image3| Figure 4. xNF Telemetry using Bulk Transmission **NOTE:** An optional VES mapper micro-service can be leveraged to to extract measurements and publish them as VES events. For additional information and use cases for the Bulk Telemetry Transmission Mechanism, please refer to the `5G - Bulk PM ONAP Development `__ Wiki page. Monitoring & Management Requirements ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ VNF telemetry via standardized interface ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. req:: :id: R-821473 :target: XNF :keyword: MUST :introduced: casablanca :impacts: dcae :validation_mode: in_service The xNF MUST produce heartbeat indicators consisting of events containing the common event header only per the VES Listener Specification. JSON ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. req:: :id: R-19624 :target: XNF :keyword: MUST The xNF, when leveraging JSON for events, **MUST** encode and serialize content delivered to ONAP using JSON (RFC 7159) plain text format. High-volume data is to be encoded and serialized using `Avro `_, where the Avro [#7.4.1]_ data format are described using JSON. Note: - JSON plain text format is preferred for moderate volume data sets (option 1), as JSON has the advantage of having well-understood simple processing and being human-readable without additional decoding. Examples of moderate volume data sets include the fault alarms and performance alerts, heartbeat messages, measurements used for xNF scaling and syslogs. - Binary format using Avro is preferred for high volume data sets (option 2) such as mobility flow measurements and other high-volume streaming events (such as mobility signaling events or SIP signaling) or bulk data, as this will significantly reduce the volume of data to be transmitted. As of the date of this document, all events are reported using plain text JSON and REST. - Avro content is self-documented, using a JSON schema. The JSON schema is delivered along with the data content (http://avro.apache.org/docs/current/ ). This means the presence and position of data fields can be recognized automatically, as well as the data format, definition and other attributes. Avro content can be serialized as JSON tagged text or as binary. In binary format, the JSON schema is included as a separate data block, so the content is not tagged, further compressing the volume. For streaming data, Avro will read the schema when the stream is established and apply the schema to the received content. In addition to the preferred method (JSON), content can be delivered from xNFs to ONAP can be encoded and serialized using Google Protocol Buffers (GPB). Google Protocol Buffers (GPB) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. req:: :id: R-257367 :target: XNF :keyword: MUST :introduced: casablanca :validation_mode: in_service The xNF, when leveraging Google Protocol Buffers for events, **MUST** serialize the events using native Google Protocol Buffers (GPB) according to the following guidelines: * The keys are represented as integers pointing to the system resources for the xNF being monitored * The values correspond to integers or strings that identify the operational state of the VNF resource, such a statistics counters and the state of an xNF resource. * The required Google Protocol Buffers (GPB) metadata is provided in the form of .proto files. .. req:: :id: R-978752 :target: XNF PROVIDER :keyword: MUST :introduced: casablanca :validation_mode: static The xNF providers **MUST** provide the Service Provider the following artifacts to support the delivery of high-volume xNF telemetry to DCAE via GPB over TLS/TCP: * A valid VES Event .proto definition file, to be used validate and decode an event * A valid high volume measurement .proto definition file, to be used for processing high volume events * A supporting PM content metadata file to be used by analytics applications to process high volume measurement events Reporting Frequency ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. req:: :id: R-146931 :target: XNF :keyword: MUST :introduced: casablanca :validation_mode: in_service The xNF **MUST** report exactly one Measurement event per period per source name. .. req:: :id: R-98191 :target: XNF :keyword: MUST The xNF **MUST** vary the frequency that asynchronous data is delivered based on the content and how data may be aggregated or grouped together. Note: - For example, alarms and alerts are expected to be delivered as soon as they appear. In contrast, other content, such as performance measurements, KPIs or reported network signaling may have various ways of packaging and delivering content. Some content should be streamed immediately; or content may be monitored over a time interval, then packaged as collection of records and delivered as block; or data may be collected until a package of a certain size has been collected; or content may be summarized statistically over a time interval, or computed as a KPI, with the summary or KPI being delivered. - We expect the reporting frequency to be configurable depending on the virtual network functions needs for management. For example, Service Provider may choose to vary the frequency of collection between normal and trouble-shooting scenarios. - Decisions about the frequency of data reporting will affect the size of delivered data sets, recommended delivery method, and how the data will be interpreted by ONAP. These considerations should not affect deserialization and decoding of the data, which will be guided by the accompanying JSON schema or GPB definition files. Addressing and Delivery Protocol ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ONAP destinations can be addressed by URLs for RESTful data PUT. Future data sets may also be addressed by host name and port number for TCP streaming, or by host name and landing zone directory for SFTP transfer of bulk files. .. req:: :id: R-88482 :target: XNF :keyword: SHOULD The xNF **SHOULD** use REST using HTTPS delivery of plain text JSON for moderate sized asynchronous data sets, and for high volume data sets when feasible. .. req:: :id: R-84879 :target: XNF :keyword: MUST The xNF **MUST** have the capability of maintaining a primary and backup DNS name (URL) for connecting to ONAP collectors, with the ability to switch between addresses based on conditions defined by policy such as time-outs, and buffering to store messages until they can be delivered. At its discretion, the service provider may choose to populate only one collector address for a xNF. In this case, the network will promptly resolve connectivity problems caused by a collector or network failure transparently to the xNF. .. req:: :id: R-81777 :target: XNF :keyword: MUST The xNF **MUST** be configured with initial address(es) to use at deployment time. Subsequently, address(es) may be changed through ONAP-defined policies delivered from ONAP to the xNF using PUTs to a RESTful API, in the same manner that other controls over data reporting will be controlled by policy. .. req:: :id: R-08312 :target: XNF :keyword: MAY The xNF **MAY** use another option which is expected to include REST delivery of binary encoded data sets. .. req:: :id: R-79412 :target: XNF :keyword: MAY The xNF **MAY** use another option which is expected to include TCP for high volume streaming asynchronous data sets and for other high volume data sets. TCP delivery can be used for either JSON or binary encoded data sets. .. req:: :id: R-01033 :target: XNF :keyword: MAY The xNF **MAY** use another option which is expected to include SFTP for asynchronous bulk files, such as bulk files that contain large volumes of data collected over a long time interval or data collected across many xNFs. (Preferred is to reorganize the data into more frequent or more focused data sets, and deliver these by REST or TCP as appropriate.) .. req:: :id: R-63229 :target: XNF :keyword: MAY The xNF **MAY** use another option which is expected to include REST for synchronous data, using RESTCONF (e.g., for xNF state polling). .. req:: :id: R-03070 :target: XNF :keyword: MUST The xNF **MUST**, by ONAP Policy, provide the ONAP addresses as data destinations for each xNF, and may be changed by Policy while the xNF is in operation. We expect the xNF to be capable of redirecting traffic to changed destinations with no loss of data, for example from one REST URL to another, or from one TCP host and port to another. Asynchronous and Synchronous Data Delivery ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. req:: :id: R-06924 :target: XNF :keyword: MUST The xNF **MUST** deliver asynchronous data as data becomes available, or according to the configured frequency. .. req:: :id: R-73285 :target: XNF :keyword: MUST The xNF **MUST** must encode, address and deliver the data as described in the previous paragraphs. .. req:: :id: R-42140 :target: XNF :keyword: MUST The xNF **MUST** respond to data requests from ONAP as soon as those requests are received, as a synchronous response. .. req:: :id: R-34660 :target: XNF :keyword: MUST The xNF **MUST** use the RESTCONF/NETCONF framework used by the ONAP configuration subsystem for synchronous communication. .. req:: :id: R-86586 :target: XNF :keyword: MUST The xNF **MUST** use the YANG configuration models and RESTCONF [RFC8040] (https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc8040). .. req:: :id: R-11240 :target: XNF :keyword: MUST The xNF **MUST** respond with content encoded in JSON, as described in the RESTCONF specification. This way the encoding of a synchronous communication will be consistent with Avro. .. req:: :id: R-70266 :target: XNF :keyword: MUST The xNF **MUST** respond to an ONAP request to deliver the current data for any of the record types defined in `Event Records - Data Structure Description`_ by returning the requested record, populated with the current field values. (Currently the defined record types include fault fields, mobile flow fields, measurements for xNF scaling fields, and syslog fields. Other record types will be added in the future as they become standardized and are made available.) .. req:: :id: R-332680 :target: XNF :keyword: SHOULD :impacts: dcae :validation_mode: in_service The xNF **SHOULD** deliver all syslog messages to the VES Collector per the specifications in Monitoring and Management chapter. .. req:: :id: R-46290 :target: XNF :keyword: MUST The xNF **MUST** respond to an ONAP request to deliver granular data on device or subsystem status or performance, referencing the YANG configuration model for the xNF by returning the requested data elements. .. req:: :id: R-43327 :target: XNF :keyword: SHOULD The xNF **SHOULD** use `Modeling JSON text with YANG `_, If YANG models need to be translated to and from JSON{RFC7951]. YANG configuration and content can be represented via JSON, consistent with Avro, as described in "Encoding and Serialization" section. Security ~~~~~~~~~~ .. req:: :id: R-42366 :target: XNF :keyword: MUST The xNF **MUST** support secure connections and transports such as Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol [`RFC5246 `_] and should adhere to the best current practices outlined in `RFC7525 `_. .. req:: :id: R-44290 :target: XNF :keyword: MUST The xNF **MUST** control access to ONAP and to xNFs, and creation of connections, through secure credentials, log-on and exchange mechanisms. .. req:: :id: R-47597 :target: XNF :keyword: MUST The xNF **MUST** carry data in motion only over secure connections. .. req:: :id: R-68165 :target: XNF :keyword: MUST The xNF **MUST** encrypt any content containing Sensitive Personal Information (SPI) or certain proprietary data, in addition to applying the regular procedures for securing access and delivery. Bulk Performance Measurement ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ .. req:: :id: R-841740 :target: XNF :keyword: SHOULD :introduced: casablanca :impacts: dcae, dmaap The xNF **SHOULD** support FileReady VES event for event-driven bulk transfer of monitoring data. .. req:: :id: R-440220 :target: XNF :keyword: SHOULD :introduced: casablanca :impacts: dcae, dmaap The xNF **SHOULD** support File transferring protocol, such as FTPES or SFTP, when supporting the event-driven bulk transfer of monitoring data. .. req:: :id: R-75943 :target: XNF :keyword: SHOULD :introduced: casablanca :impacts: dcae, dmaap The xNF **SHOULD** support the data schema defined in 3GPP TS 32.435, when supporting the event-driven bulk transfer of monitoring data. .. |image0| image:: ../Data_Model_For_Event_Records.png .. |image1| image:: ../VES_JSON_Driven_Model.png :width: 5in :height: 3in .. |image2| image:: ../Protocol_Buffers_Driven_Model.png :width: 4.74in :height: 3.3in .. |image3| image:: ../Bulk_Data_Transfer_Mechv1.PNG :width: 4.74in :height: 3.3in